Senarai ketua negara dan kerajaan sekarang

Rencana ini ialah senarai ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan sekarang. Dalam kebanyakan kes, terutamanya dalam sistem berpresiden, hanya terdapat satu pemimpin menjadi kedua-dua ketua negara dan ketua pemerintahan. Dalam kes lain, terutamanya dalam separa presiden dan sistem berparlimen, ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan ialah orang yang berbeza. Dalam sistem separa presiden dan berparlimen, peranan ketua kerajaan (i.e. cabang eksekutif) dipenuhi oleh kedua-dua ketua kerajaan dan ketua negara yang tersenarai.

Senarai ini memasukkan nama ketua negara dan kerajaan yang baharu sahaja dipilih atau dilantik yang akan memegang jawatan pada tarikh yang dipilih, sebagai bakal presiden dan bakal Perdana Menteri, dan mereka yang memimpin pemerintahan buangan jika diiktiraf antarabangsa.

Ahli dan negara pemerhati Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu

Kunci warna
Green cells indicate leaders whose offices constitutionally administer the executive or legislature of their respective state/government.
Blue cells indicate non–ceremonial heads of state with limited power (e.g. Bhutan) or de facto government leaders whose offices lack de jure constitutional power (e.g. Myanmar).

Catatan: Names in small font generally denote acting, transitional, temporary leaders, or representatives. Other notes and exceptions are provided at § Notes.

Negara	Ketua negara	Ketua kerajaan
Afghanistan	Presiden – Hibatullah Akhundzada^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Hasan Akhund
Albania	Presiden – Bajram Begaj	Perdana Menteri – Edi Rama
Algeria	Presiden – Abdelmadjid Tebboune	Perdana Menteri – Nadir Larbaoui
Andorra	Putera Bersama Keuskupan – Joan Enric Vives Sicília Wakil Putera Bersama – Josep Maria Mauri Putera Bersama Perancis – Emmanuel Macron^[β] Wakil Putera Bersama – Patrick Strzoda	Ketua Kerajaan – Xavier Espot Zamora
Angola	Presiden – João Lourenço
Antigua dan Barbuda	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Sir Rodney Williams	Perdana Menteri – Gaston Browne
Argentina	Presiden – Javier Milei
Armenia	Presiden – Vahagn Khachaturyan	Perdana Menteri – Nikol Pashinyan
Australia	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – David Hurley	Perdana Menteri – Anthony Albanese
Austria	Presiden – Alexander Van der Bellen	Canselor Persekutuan – Karl Nehammer
Azerbaijan	Presiden – Ilham Aliyev	Perdana Menteri – Ali Asadov
Bahamas	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Dame Cynthia A. Pratt	Perdana Menteri – Philip Davis
Bahrain	Raja – Sheikh Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa	Perdana Menteri – Putera Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa
Bangladesh	Presiden – Shahabuddin Chuppu	Perdana Menteri – Sheikh Hasina
Barbados	Presiden – Dame Sandra Mason	Perdana Menteri – Mia Mottley
Belarus	Presiden – Alexander Lukashenko	Perdana Menteri – Roman Golovchenko
Belgium	King – Philippe	Perdana Menteri – Alexander De Croo
Belize	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Froyla Tzalam	Perdana Menteri – Johnny Briceño
Benin	Presiden – Patrice Talon
Bhutan	Raja – Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck	Perdana Menteri – Tshering Tobgay
Bolivia	Presiden – Luis Arce
Bosnia dan Herzegovina	Wakil Tinggi – Christian Schmidt
	Kepresidenan^[δ]	Pengerusi Majlis Menteri – Borjana Krišto
	Željko Komšić (sebagai Pengerusi)
	Denis Bećirović (sebagai Ahli) Željka Cvijanović (sebagai Ahli)
Botswana	Presiden – Mokgweetsi Masisi
Brazil	Presiden – Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Brunei	Sultan dan Perdana Menteri – Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah Mu’izzaddin Waddaulah
Bulgaria	Presiden – Rumen Radev	Perdana Menteri – Nikolai Denkov
Burkina Faso	Presiden – Ibrahim Traore	Perdana Menteri – Apollinaire de Tambèla
Burundi	Presiden – Évariste Ndayshimie
Kemboja	Raja – Norodom Sihamoni	Perdana Menteri – Hun Manet
Cameroon	Presiden – Paul Biya^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Joseph Ngute
Kanada	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor General – Mary Simon	Perdana Menteri – Justin Trudeau
Tanjung Verde	Presiden – José Maria Neves	Perdana Menteri – Ulisses Correia e Silva
Republik Afrika Tengah	Presiden – Faustin-Archange Touadéra^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Félix Moloua
Chad	Presiden – Mahamat Déby	Perdana Menteri – Succès Masra
Chile	Presiden – Gabriel Boric
Republik Rakyat China	Setiausaha Agung Parti Komunis – Xi Jinping
Republik Rakyat China	Presiden – Xi Jinping	Perdana Menteri Majlis Negara – Li Qiang
Colombia	Presiden – Gustavo Petro
Comoros	Presiden – Azali Assoumani
Republik Demokratik Congo	Presiden – Félix Tshisekedi	Perdana Menteri – Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde
Republik Congo	Presiden – Denis Sassou Nguesso	Perdana Menteri – Anatole Collinet Makosso
Costa Rica	Presiden – Rodrigo Chaves Robles
Croatia	Presiden – Zoran Milanović	Perdana Menteri – Andrej Plenković
Cuba	Setiausaha Pertama Parti Komunis – Miguel Díaz-Canel
Cuba	Presiden Republik dan Presiden Majlis Menteri – Miguel Díaz-Canel
Cyprus	Presiden – Nikos Christodoulides
Republik Czech	Presiden – Petr Pavel	Perdana Menteri – Petr Fiala
Denmark	Raja – Frederik X	Perdana Menteri – Mette Frederiksen
Djibouti	Presiden – Ismaïl Omar Guelleh^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed
Dominika	Presiden – Sylvanie Burton	Perdana Menteri – Roosevelt Skerrit
Republik Dominika	Presiden – Luis Abinader
Timor Leste	Presiden – José Ramos-Horta	Perdana Menteri – Xanana Gusmão
Ecuador	Presiden – Daniel Noboa
Mesir	Presiden – Abdel Fattah el-Sisi	Perdana Menteri – Moustafa Madbouly
El Salvador	Pemangku Presiden – Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara
Guinea Khatulistiwa	Presiden – Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Manuela Roka Botey
Eritrea	Presiden – Isaias Afwerki
Estonia	Presiden – Alar Karis	Perdana Menteri – Kaja Kallas
Eswatini	Raja – Mswati III	Perdana Menteri – Russel Dlamini
Habsyah	Presiden – Sahle-Work Zewde	Perdana Menteri – Abiy Ahmed
Fiji	Presiden – Williame Katonivere	Perdana Menteri – Sitiveni Rabuka
Finland	Presiden – Alexander Stubb	Perdana Menteri – Petteri Orpo
Perancis	Presiden – Emmanuel Macron^[β]	Perdana Menteri – Gabriel Attal
Gabon	Presiden – Brice Oligui^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Raymond Ndong Sima
Gambia	Presiden – Adama Barrow
Georgia (negara)	Presiden – Salome Zourabichvili	Perdana Menteri – Irakli Kobakhidze
Jerman	Presiden – Frank-Walter Steinmeier	Canselor Persekutuan – Olaf Scholz
Ghana	Presiden – Nana Akufo-Addo
Greece	Presiden – Katerina Sakellapoulu	Perdana Menteri – Kyriakos Mitsotakis
Grenada	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Dame Cécile La Grenade	Perdana Menteri – Dickon Mitchell
Guatemala	Presiden – Bernardo Arévalo
Guinea	Presiden – Mamady Doumbouya^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Bah Oury
Guinea-Bissau	Presiden – Umaró Sissoco Embaló	Perdana Menteri – Rui Duarte de Barros
Guyana	Presiden – Irfaan Ali^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Mark Phillips
Haiti	Presiden – Edgard Leblanc Fils	Perdana Menteri – Michel Patrick Boisvert
Honduras	Presiden – Xiomara Castro
Hungary	Presiden – Tamás Sulyok	Perdana Menteri – Viktor Orbán
Iceland	Presiden – Guðni Th. Jóhannesson	Perdana Menteri – Katrín Jakobsdóttir
India	Presiden – Droupadi Murmu	Perdana Menteri – Narendra Modi
Indonesia	Presiden – Joko Widodo
Iran	Supreme Leader – Ali Khamenei	Presiden – Ebrahim Raisi
Iraq	Presiden – Latif Rashid	Perdana Menteri – Mohammed Al-Sudani
Republik Ireland	Presiden – Michael D. Higgins	Taoiseach – Leo Varadkar
Israel	Presiden – Isaac Herzog	Perdana Menteri – Benjamin Netanyahu
Itali	Presiden – Sergio Mattarella	Presiden Majlis Menteri – Giorgia Meloni
Côte d'Ivoire	Presiden – Alassane Ouattara^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Robert Beugré Mambé
Jamaica	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Sir Patrick Allen	Perdana Menteri – Andrew Holness
Jepun	Maharaja – Naruhito^[ε]	Perdana Menteri – Fumio Kishida
Jordan	Raja – Abdullah II	Perdana Menteri – Bisher Al-Khasawneh
Kazakhstan	Pengerusi Majlis Keselamatan – Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev
Kazakhstan	Presiden – Qasym-Zhomart Toqaev	Perdana Menteri – Oljas Bektenov
Kenya	Presiden – William Ruto
Kiribati	Presiden – Taneti Mamau
Kuwait	Emir – Sheikh Mishal Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah	Perdana Menteri – Sheikh Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah
Kyrgyzstan	Presiden – Sadyr Japarov	Perdana Menteri – Akylbek Dzaparov
Laos	Setiausaha Agung Parti Komunis – Thongloun Sisoulith
Laos	Presiden – Thongloun Sisoulith	Perdana Menteri – Sonexay Siphandone
Latvia	Presiden – Edgars Rinkēvičs	Perdana Menteri – Krišjānis Kariņš
Lubnan	Presiden – Michel Aoun	Presiden Majlis Menteri – Najib Mikati
Lesotho	Raja – Letsie III	Perdana Menteri – Sam Matekane
Liberia	Presiden – Joseph Boakai
Libya	Pengerusi Majlis Presiden dan Perdana Menteri – Mohamed al-Menfi
Liechtenstein	Putera Memerintah – Hans-Adam II	Ketua Kerajaan – Daniel Risch
Liechtenstein	Pemangku Raja – Putera Waris Alois	Ketua Kerajaan – Daniel Risch
Lithuania	Presiden – Gitanas Nausėda	Perdana Menteri – Ingrida Šimonytė
Luxembourg	Grand Duke – Henri	Perdana Menteri – Luc Frieden
Madagaskar	Presiden – Andry Rajoelina	Perdana Menteri – Christian Ntsay
Malawi	Presiden – Lazarus Chakwera
Malaysia	Yang di-Pertuan Agong – Sultan Ibrahim ibni Sultan Iskandar	Perdana Menteri – Anwar Ibrahim
Maldives	Presiden – Mohamed Muizzu
Mali	Presiden – Assimi Goïta	Perdana Menteri – Choguel Kokalla Maïga
Malta	Presiden – George Vella	Perdana Menteri – Robert Abela
Kepulauan Marshall	Presiden – Hilda Heine
Mauritania	Presiden – Mohamed Ould Ghazouani	Perdana Menteri – Mohamed Ould Bilal
Mauritius	Presiden – Prithvirajsing Roopun	Perdana Menteri – Pravind Jugnauth
Mexico	Presiden – Andrés Manuel López Obrador
Persekutuan Mikronesia	Presiden – Wesley W. Simina
Moldova	Presiden – Maia Sandu	Perdana Menteri – Dorin Recean
Monaco	Raja Putera – Albert II	Menteri Negara – Pierre Dartout
Mongolia	Presiden – Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh	Perdana Menteri – Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene
Montenegro	Presiden – Jakov Milatović	Perdana Menteri – Milojko Spajić
Maghribi	Raja – Muhammad VI	Ketua Kerajaan – Aziz Akhannouch
Mozambique	Presiden – Filipe Nyusi^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Adriano Maleine
Myanmar	Presiden – Myint Swe^[α]	Kaunselor Negara – Min Aung Hlaing
Namibia	Presiden – Nangolo Mbumba^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Saara Kuugongelwa
Nauru	Presiden – David Adeang
Nepal	Presiden – Ram Chandra Poudel	Perdana Menteri – Pushpa Kamal Dahal
Kerajaan Belanda	Raja – Willem-Alexander	Perdana Menteri – Mark Rutte
New Zealand	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Dame Cindy Kiro^[ζ]	Perdana Menteri – Christopher Luxon
Nicaragua	Presiden – Daniel Ortega
Niger	Presiden – Omar Tchiani	Perdana Menteri – Ali Lamine Zeine
Nigeria	Presiden – Bola Tinubu
Korea Utara	Pengerusi Parti Pekerja Korea – Kim Jong-un
Korea Utara	Pemimpin Agung – Kim Jong-un^[η] Pengerusi Presidium Perhimpunan Rakyat Agugn – Choe Ryong-hae^[θ]	Perdana Menteri Kabinet – Kim Tok-hun
Macedonia Utara	Presiden – Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova	Presiden Kerajaan – Talat Xhaferi
Norway	Raja – Harald V	Perdana Menteri – Jonas Gahr Støre
Oman	Sultan dan Perdana Menteri – Haitham bin Tariq
Pakistan	Presiden – Asif Ali Zardari	Perdana Menteri – Shehbaz Sharif
Palau	Presiden – Surangel Whippis Jr.
Negara Palestin	Presiden – Mahmud Abbas	Perdana Menteri – Mohammad Shtayyeh
Panama	Presiden – Laurentino Cortizo
Papua New Guinea	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Sir Bob Dadae	Perdana Menteri – James Marape
Paraguay	Presiden – Santiago Peña
Peru	Presiden – Dina Boluarte^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Gustavo Adrianzén
Filipina	Presiden – Bongbong Marcos
Poland	Presiden – Andrzej Duda	Perdana Menteri – Mateusz Morawiecki
Portugal	Presiden – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa	Perdana Menteri – António Costa
Qatar	Emir – Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani	Perdana Menteri – Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani
Romania	Presiden – Klaus Iohannis	Perdana Menteri – Marcel Ciolacu
Rusia	Presiden – Vladimir Putin	Perdana Menteri – Mikhail Mishustin
Rwanda	Presiden – Paul Kagame^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Édouard Ngirente
Saint Kitts dan Nevis	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Dame Marcella Liburd	Perdana Menteri – Terrance Drew
Saint Lucia	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Sir Errol Charles	Perdana Menteri – Philip J. Pierre
Saint Vincent dan Kepulauan Grenadine	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Susan Dougan	Perdana Menteri – Ralph Gonsalves
Samoa	O le Ao o le Malo – Va'aletoa Sualauvi II	Perdana Menteri – Naomi Mataʻafa
San Marino	Kapten Pemangku – Filippo Tamagnini
San Marino	Kapten Pemangku – Gaetano Troina
São Tomé dan Príncipe	Presiden – Carlos Vila Nova	Perdana Menteri – Patrice Trovoada
Arab Saudi	Raja – Salman^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Mohammad bin Salman
Senegal	Presiden – Macky Sall
Serbia	Presiden – Aleksandar Vučić	Perdana Menteri – Miloš Vučević
Seychelles	Presiden – Wavel Ramkalawan
Sierra Leone	Presiden – Julius Maada Bio^[α]	Ketua Menteri – David Moinina Sengeh
Singapura	Presiden – Tharman Shanmugaratnam	Perdana Menteri – Lee Hsien Loong
Slovakia	Presiden – Zuzana Čaputová	Perdana Menteri – Robert Fico
Slovenia	Presiden – Nataša Pirc Musar	Perdana Menteri – Robert Golob
Kepulauan Solomon	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Sir David Vunagi	Perdana Menteri – Jeremiah Manele
Somalia	Presiden – Hassan Sheikh Mohamud	Perdana Menteri – Hamza Abdi Barre
Afrika Selatan	Presiden – Cyril Ramaphosa
Korea Selatan	Presiden – Yoon Suk-yeol^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Han Duck-soo
Sudan Selatan	Presiden – Salva Kiir Mayardit
Sepanyol	Raja – Felipe VI	Presiden Kerajaan – Pedro Sánchez
Sri Lanka	Presiden – Ranil Wickremesinghe^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Dinesh Gunawardena
Sudan	Pemimpin Majlis Kedaulatan – Abdel Fattah al-Burhan	Perdana Menteri – Osman Hussein
Suriname	Presiden – Chan Santokhi
Sweden	King – Carl XVI Gustaf	Perdana Menteri – Ulf Kristersson
Switzerland
	Majlis Persekutuan^[ι]
	Viola Amherd (sebagai Presiden)
	Karin Keller-Sutter (sebagai Naib Presiden) Guy Parmelin (sebagai Ahli) Ignazio Cassis (sebagai Ahli) Élisabeth Baume-Schneider (sebagai Ahli) Albert Rösti (sebagai Ahli) Beat Jans (sebagai Ahli)
Syria	Presiden – Bashar al-Assad	Perdana Menteri – Hussein Arnous
Tajikistan	Presiden – Emomali Rahmon^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Kokhir Rasulzoda
Tanzania	Presiden – Samia Suluhu^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Kassim Majaliwa
Thailand	Raja – Maha Vajiralongkorn	Perdana Menteri – Srettha Thavisin
Togo	Presiden – Faure Gnassingbé^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Komi Sélom Klassou
Tonga	Raja – Tupou VI	Perdana Menteri – Siaosi Sovaleni
Trinidad dan Tobago	Presiden – Christine Kangaloo	Perdana Menteri – Keith Rowley
Tunisia	Presiden – Kaïs Saïed	Ketua Kerajaan – Ahmed Hachani
Turki	Presiden – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Turkmenistan	Presiden – Serdar Berdimuhamedow
Tuvalu	Raja – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Sir Tofiga Vaevalu Falani	Perdana Menteri – Feleti Teo
Uganda	Presiden – Yoweri Museveni^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Ruhakana Rugunda
Ukraine	Presiden – Volodymyr Zelensky	Perdana Menteri – Denys Shmyhal
Emiriah Arab Bersatu	Presiden – Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan	Perdana Menteri – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
United Kingdom	Raja – Charles III^[γ]	Perdana Menteri – Rishi Sunak
Amerika Syarikat	Presiden – Joe Biden
Uruguay	Presiden – Luis Lacalle Pou
Uzbekistan	Presiden – Shavkat Mirziyoyev^[α]	Perdana Menteri – Abdulla Aripov
Vanuatu	Presiden – Nikenike Vurobaravu	Perdana Menteri – Charlot Salwai
Kota Vatikan	Raja – Paus Francis	Presiden Kegabenoran – Kardinal Giuseppe Bertello
Venezuela	Presiden – Nicolás Maduro^[κ]
Vietnam	Setiausaha Agung Parti Komunis – Nguyễn Phú Trọng
Vietnam	Presiden – Võ Văn Thưởng	Perdana Menteri – Phạm Minh Chính
Yaman	Presiden – Rashad al-Alimi	Perdana Menteri – Ahmad Awad bin Mubarak
Zambia	Presiden – Hakainde Hichilema
Zimbabwe	Presiden – Emmerson Mnangagwa

Negara lain

Negara-negara berikut mengawal wilayah mereka dan diiktiraf oleh sekurang-kurangnya satu negara anggota PBB.

Negara	Juga dituntut oleh	Ketua negara	Ketua kerajaan
Abkhazia	Georgia (negara)	Presiden – Raul Khajimba	Perdana Menteri – Valeri Bganba
Kepulauan Cook	New Zealand^[λ]	Ratu – Charles III^[γ] Wakil Ratu – Tom Marsters	Perdana Menteri – Henry Puna
Kosovo	Serbia	Presiden – Hashim Thaçi	Perdana Menteri – Albin Kurti
Niue	New Zealand^[λ]	Ratu – Charles III^[γ] Gabenor Jeneral – Dame Cindy Kiro^[ζ]	Perdana Menteri – Sir Toke Talagi
Republik Turki Cyprus Utara	Cyprus	Presiden – Mustafa Akıncı	Perdana Menteri – Ersin Tatar
Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi	Maghribi	Setiausaha Agung Barisan Polisario – Brahim Ghali
Republik Demokratik Arab Sahrawi	Maghribi	Presiden – Brahim Ghali	Perdana Menteri – Mohamed Wali Akeik
Ossetia Selatan	Georgia	Presiden – Anatoly Bibilov	Perdana Menteri – Erik Pukhayev
Taiwan	Republik Rakyat China	Presiden – Tsai Ing-wen	Presiden Eksekutif Yuan – Chen Chien-jen

Negara-negara berikut mengawal wilayah mereka, tetapi tidak diiktiraf oleh mana-mana negara anggota PBB.

Negara	Juga dituntut oleh	Ketua negara	Ketua kerajaan
Artsakh	Azerbaijan	Presiden – Bako Sahakyan
Somaliland	Somalia	Presiden – Muse Bihi Abdi
Transnistria	Moldova	Presiden – Vadim Krasnoselsky	Perdana Menteri – Aleksandr Martynov

Kerajaan lain

Kerajaan lain ini diiktiraf sah oleh sekurang-kurangnya satu ahli PBB.

Kerajaan	Negara	Ketua negara	Ketua kerajaan
Dewan Rakyat	Libya	Presiden Dewan Rakyat – Aguila Saleh Issa	Perdana Menteri – Abdullah al-Thani
Perhimpunan Kebangsaan	Venezuela	Presiden Perhimpunan Kebangsaan – Juan Guaidó
Majlis Politik Agung	Yaman	Presiden Majlis Politik Agung – Mahdi al-Mashat	Perdana Menteri – Abdel-Aziz bin Habtour
Kerajaan Sementara Syria	Syria	Presiden – Anas al-Abdah	Perdana Menteri – Abdurrahman Mustafa

Entiti lain

Entiti	Ketua negara	Ketua kerajaan
Kesatuan Eropah	Presiden Majlis Eropah – Charles Michel	Presiden Suruhanjaya Eropah – Ursula von der Leyen
Darjah Tentera Berdaulat Malta	Putera dan Grand Master – Giacomo dalla Torre del Tempio di Sanguinetto	Canselor Besar – Albrecht Freiherr von Boeselager

Lihat juga

Catatan

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w In this state, the Presiden is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Afghan Chief Executive, the Myanma/Burmese State Counsellor, the Saudi Arabian First Deputy Prime Minister, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.
^ ^a ^b The Presiden France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama CIII
^ The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.
^ In actuality the constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state. The Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of the head of state.
^ ^a ^b The Governor-General of New Zealand and the Governor-General of Niue are positions held by the same person.
^
The term "Supreme Leader" is used as a description (for the sake of brevity) rather than being an official title of a single office. The three actual offices held by Kim are:
- Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea
- Chairman of the State Affairs Commission—constitutionally defined as the supreme leader of North Korea
- Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army
^ The President (otherwise known as Chairman) of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly accepts the credentials of foreign ambassadors and represents North Korea on all state visits—ceremonial functions usually performed by heads of state in other states. The president has held these duties since 1998, when the constitution was revised.
^ The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
^ The office of head of state of Venezuela has been disputed between Nicolás Maduro and the Presiden the National Assembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, since 11 January 2019. See also the Other governments section of this list article.
^ ^a ^b States in free association with New Zealand.

Ralat petik: Tag <ref> dengan nama "EIIR" yang ditentukan dalam <references> tidak digunakan dalam teks sebelumnya.

Pautan luar

CIDOB Foundation (Sepanyol)Templat:Emdashcontextualised biographies of world political leaders
EmilePhaneuf Templat:Emdashan archived, partial list of official websites for heads of state
Portale Storia (Sepanyol)Templat:Emdasha list of current rulers by country
Rulers Templat:Emdasha list of rulers throughout time and places
United Nations Templat:Emdasha list of heads of state, heads of government, and foreign ministers
WorldStatesmen Templat:Emdashan online encyclopedia of the leaders of nations and territories

[WeakPM-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w In this state, the Presiden is both head of state and head of government; the office of prime minister may exist in these states, but it does not direct executive power—nor does the Afghan Chief Executive, the Myanma/Burmese State Counsellor, the Saudi Arabian First Deputy Prime Minister, or the Sierra Leonean Chief Minister.

[FR-2] The Presiden France and the French Co-Prince of Andorra are positions held by the same person.

[CIII-3] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama CIII

[BA-4] The three-member Bosnian presidency is the head of state collectively.

[JP-5] In actuality the constitution of Japan does not define a formal head of state. The Emperor by unwritten constitutional convention fulfills the functions and duties of the head of state.

[NZ-6] The Governor-General of New Zealand and the Governor-General of Niue are positions held by the same person.

[KP1-7] The term "Supreme Leader" is used as a description (for the sake of brevity) rather than being an official title of a single office. The three actual offices held by Kim are:
Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea

Chairman of the State Affairs Commission—constitutionally defined as the supreme leader of North Korea

Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army

[8] Chairman of the Workers' Party of Korea

[9] Chairman of the State Affairs Commission—constitutionally defined as the supreme leader of North Korea

[10] Supreme Commander of the Korean People's Army

[KP2-8] The President (otherwise known as Chairman) of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly accepts the credentials of foreign ambassadors and represents North Korea on all state visits—ceremonial functions usually performed by heads of state in other states. The president has held these duties since 1998, when the constitution was revised.

[CH-9] The seven-member Swiss Federal Council is collectively head of state and government. As a party to the Council, the President serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

[VE-10] The office of head of state of Venezuela has been disputed between Nicolás Maduro and the Presiden the National Assembly of Venezuela, Juan Guaidó, since 11 January 2019. See also the Other governments section of this list article.

[FAS-11] States in free association with New Zealand.

[α]

[β]

[γ]

[δ]

[ε]

[ζ]

[η]

[θ]

[ι]

[κ]

[λ]