Kancah Amerika (Perang Dunia II)
Kancah Amerika | |||||||
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Sebahagian daripada Perang Dunia II | |||||||
Seorang Pengawal Pantai Amerika Syarikat sedang bertugas di Alaska semasa Perang Dunia II | |||||||
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Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||
Pihak Bersekutu: Amerika Syarikat Kanada United Kingdom Brazil Mexico Cuba Chile Peru Panama Colombia Nicaragua Costa Rica El Salvador Honduras Guatemala Argentina (dari 1945) |
Kuasa Paksi: Jerman Nazi Jepun Itali | ||||||
Kerugian dan korban | |||||||
20,000 terkorban, 45,000 cedera, 100 ditawan[perlu rujukan] |
Kancah Amerika[1] adalah kancah operasi semasa Perang Dunia II termasuk seluruh wilayah Benua Amerika, dan meluas 200 batu (320 km) ke lautan.
Oleh kerana pemisahan geografi Amerika Utara dan Selatan daripada pusat kancah konflik (di Eropah, Mediterranean dan Timur Tengah, dan Pasifik) ancaman pencerobohan negara A.S. atau kawasan lain di benua Amerika oleh Kuasa Paksi telah diabaikan dan kancah tersebut menyaksikan konflik yang agak kecil.
Namun, walaupun tidak pentingnya Kancah Amerika, beberapa pertempuran berlaku didalamnya, seperti Pertempuran Sungai Plate, serangan kapal selam di luar Pantai Timur, Kempen Kepulauan Aleutian, Pertempuran St. Lawrence, dan serangan terhadap Newfoundland. Kerja-kerja pengintipan termasuklah Operasi Bolívar.
Nota
[sunting | sunting sumber]Petikan karya
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Barone, João (2013). 1942: O Brasil e sua guerra quase desconhecida [1942: Brazil and its almost Forgotten War] (dalam bahasa Portugis). Rio de Janeiro. ISBN 978-85-209-3394-7.
- Beebe, Dean (1996). Cargo of Lies: The True Story of a Nazi Double Agent in Canada. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-0731-7.
- Carey, Alan C. (2004). Galloping Ghosts of the Brazilian Coast. Lincoln, NE USA: iUniverse, Inc. ISBN 978-0-595-31527-7.
- Carruthers, Bob (2011). The U-Boat War in the Atlantic: Volume III: 1944–1945. Coda Books. ISBN 978-1-78159-161-1.
- Maximiano, Cesar Campiani; Neto, Ricardo Bonalume (2011). Brazilian Expeditionary Force in World War II. Long Island City: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-483-3.
- Morison, Samuel Eliot. (1947). History of United States Naval Operations in World War II: The Battle of the Atlantic; September 1939 – May 1943. Boston: Little Brown. ISBN 978-0-252-06963-5. Dicapai pada 8 November 2017.
- O'Hara, Vincent (2004). The German fleet at war, 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press.
- Votaw, Homer C. (1950–51). The Brazilian Navy in World War II. US Government Printing Office; Congressional Record: Proceedings and Debates of US Congress, Volume 96, Part 8.Senate and Military Review, Volume XXX, Number X.
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Dobbs, Michael. Saboteurs: The Nazi Raid on America ISBN 0-375-41470-3 (2004)
- Duffy, J.P. Target: America: Hitler's Plan to Attack the United States, Praeger Publishers; PB: The Lyons Press ISBN 0275966844 (A Booklist review)
- Gimpel, Erich. Agent 146: The True Story of a Nazi Spy in America ISBN 0-312-30797-7 (2003)
- Griehl, Manfred. Luftwaffe over America: The Secret Plans to Bomb the United States in World War II ISBN 1-85367-608-X (2004)
- Hadley, Michael (1985). U-Boats Against Canada: German Submarines in Canadian Waters. McGill Queens University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0801-5.
- Horn, Steve (2005), The Second Attack on Pearl Harbor: Operation K And Other Japanese Attempts to Bomb America in World War II, Naval Institute Press, ISBN 1-59114-388-8
- Mikesh, Robert C. Japan's World War II Balloon Bomb Attacks on North America, Smithsonian Institution Press, (1973)
- Kesich, Gregory D. (April 13, 2003), "1944: When spies came to Maine", Portland Press Herald, diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-22, dicapai pada 2007-12-09
- O'Donnell, Pierce, In Time of War: Hitler's Terrorist Attack on America (Operation Pastorius), The New Press, 2005 ISBN 978-1-56584-958-7
- Webber, Bert. Silent Siege: Japanese Attacks Against North America in World War II, Ye Galleon Press, Fairfield, Washington (1984). ISBN 0-87770-315-9 (hardcover). ISBN 0-87770-318-3 (paperbound).
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- History.army.mil: Defense of Americas — publication of the United States Army Center of Military History.
- History.army.mil: American Theater Army Responses
- Military.com: American Theater targets
- Port Orford Lifeboat station.org: Japanese submarine attacks on the West Coast
- History.navy.mil: German Sabotage operations
- Regiamarina.net: "Planned Italian attack on New York harbor"
- SFmuseum.org: The SF Bay Area at War
- German-navy.de: Details of the German secret agents that landed in North America
- Alaskainvasion.com: "Red White Black & Blue" – feature documentary about the World War II Battle of Attu in the Aleutians.
- Uboat.net: The Battle of the St. Lawrence