Kempen Norway
Kempen Norway | |||||||
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Sebahagian daripada Perang Dunia Kedua | |||||||
Ikut arah jam dari atas: Askar Jerman sedang mara ke Bagn di Valdres, Raja Haakon VII dari Norway dan anaknya Putera Mahkota Olav semasa satu serangan udara Jerman keatas Molde, Pengeboman Jerman ke atas kubu pantai Oscarsborg, Askar Gebirgsjäger Jerman di Narvik, dan artileri Norway sedang menembak berhampiran Narvik. | |||||||
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Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||
Jerman |
Norway United Kingdom Perancis Angkatan Tentera Poland di Barat | ||||||
Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||
Nikolaus von Falkenhorst |
Kristian Laake (9–10 April) Otto Ruge (from 10 April) Lord Cork | ||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||
100,000 7 divisyen 1 batalion Fallschirmjäger |
Jumlah: 93,000 Norway: 6 divisyen 55,000 pejuang terlibat dalam pertempuran Sekutu: 38,000 | ||||||
Kerugian dan korban | |||||||
Angka rasmi Jerman: 5,296 (1.317 terbunuh di darat, 2,375 maut di laut, 1,604 cedera) Kerugian Material: 1 kruiser berat 2 kruiser ringan 10 pembinasa 6 U-boat 2 bot torpedo 15 unit ringan laut 21 kapal pengangkut/dagang 90-240 pesawat udara |
Jumlah: 6,602 British: Di darat: 1,869 terbunuh, cedera dan hilang Di laut: 2,500 maut 1 pengangkut pesawat 2 kruiser 7 pembinasa 1 kapal selam 112 pesawat Perancis dan Poland: 533 terbunuh, cedera dan hilang 2 pembinasa 2 kapal selam Norway: jumlah 1,700, 860 darinya terkorban 107 kapal laut tenggelam atau ditawan 70 kapal dagang dan pengangkut tenggelam (jumlah Norway/Sekutu dikumpulkan) | ||||||
Kasualti penduduk awam (Norway): 400 terkorban |
Kempen Norway (9 April hingga 10 Jun 1940) adalah satu kempen ketenteraan dalam Perang Dunia II yang berlangsung di Norway di antara Pihak Bersekutu dan Pihak Jerman selepas pencerobohan yang kemudian. Pada bulan April, United Kingdom dan Perancis memberi bantuan kepada Norway bersama sebuah pasukan ekspedisi. Walaupun mendapat kejayaan yang sederhana di bahagian utara Norway, pencerobohan Perancis oleh Jerman pada bulan Mei akhirnya memaksa Pihak Bersekutu berundur dan kerajaan Norway melarikan diri ke London. Kempen tersebut berakhir dengan pendudukan Norway oleh Jerman, dan perjuangan diteruskan oleh tentera buangan Norway dari luar negara. Pertempuran selama 62 hari menjadikan Norway negara kedua yang dapat menahan pencerobohan German untuk jangka masa yang panjang, selepas Soviet Union.
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Nota
- Petikan
Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Benkow, Jo; Ole Kristian Grimnes (1990). Vendepunkt: 9. april i vår bevissthet (dalam bahasa Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. ISBN 82-02-12700-9.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Derry, T.K. (1952). Butler, J.R.M (penyunting). The campaign in Norway. History of the Second World War: Campaigns Series (ed. 1st). London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- Dildy, Doug (2007). Denmark and Norway 1940: Hitler's Boldest Operation. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-117-5.
- Haarr, Geirr H. (2010). The Battle for Norway – April–June 1940. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-057-4.
- Haarr, Geirr H. (2009). The German invasion of Norway – April 1940. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-032-1.
- Hafsten, Bjørn; Ulf Larsstuvold; Bjørn Olsen; Sten Stenersen (2005). Flyalarm – luftkrigen over Norge 1939–1945 (dalam bahasa Norwegian) (ed. 2nd, revised). Oslo: Sem og Stenersen AS. ISBN 82-7046-074-5.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Haga, Arnfinn (1999). Valdres 1940 (dalam bahasa Norwegian). Oslo: Cappelen. ISBN 82-02-18465-7.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Hansteen, Wilhelm (1971). Operasjonene til lands på Vestlandet og i Hallingdal og Numedal (dalam bahasa Norwegian). Oslo: Forsvarets krigshistoriske avdeling – Gyldendal norsk forlag. ISBN 82-05-00122-7.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Hauge, Andreas (1995). Kampene i Norge 1940 (dalam bahasa Norwegian). 1. Sandefjord: Krigshistorisk Forlag. ISBN 82-993369-0-2.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Hauge, Andreas (1995). Kampene i Norge 1940 (dalam bahasa Norwegian). 2. Sandefjord: Krigshistorisk Forlag. ISBN 82-993369-0-2.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Lunde, Henrik O. (2009). Hitler's pre-emptive war: The Battle for Norway, 1940. Newbury: Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-932033-92-2.
- Mølmen, Øystein (1998). Raumabanen/Romsdalen, Lesja og Dovre: kamphandlingene i april 1940 (dalam bahasa Norwegian). Raumabanens kulturlag. ISBN 82-994722-0-2.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Nøkleby, Berit (1996). 'Skutt blir den...'. Tysk bruk av dødsstraff i Norge 1940–45 (dalam bahasa Norwegian). Oslo: Gyldendal. ISBN 82-05-22173-1.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Østbye, Gudbrand (1963). Krigen i Norge 1940. Operasjonene i Nord-Trøndelag (dalam bahasa Norwegian). Oslo: Forsvarets Krigshistoriske Avdeling / Gyldendal.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Sandvik, Trygve (1965). Krigen i Norge 1940. Operasjonene til lands i Nord-Norge 1940 (dalam bahasa Norwegian). 1. Oslo: Forsvarets Krigshistoriske Avdeling / Gyldendal.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Sandvik, Trygve (1965). Krigen i Norge 1940. Operasjonene til lands i Nord-Norge 1940 (dalam bahasa Norwegian). 2. Oslo: Forsvarets Krigshistoriske Avdeling / Gyldendal.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Shirer, William L (1990). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-671-72868-7.
- Skodvin, Magne (1991). Norsk historie 1939–1945: krig og okkupasjon (dalam bahasa Norwegian). Oslo: Samlaget. ISBN 82-521-3491-2.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- Weal, John (2012). He 111 Kampfgeschwader in the West. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84908-670-7.
- Wilkinson, Peter; Astley, Joan Bright (1993). Gubbins and SOE. London: Leo Cooper. ISBN 0-85052-556-X.
Bacaan lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Dickens, P. (Capt.) (1974) Narvik : battles in the fjords, Sea battles in close-up, 9, London: Ian Allan, ISBN 0-7110-0484-6
- Elting, J.R. (1981) Battles for Scandinavia, World War II Series, Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, ISBN 0-8094-3395-8
- Hubatsch, W. (1960) Weserübung: die deutsche Besetzung von Dänemark und Norwegen 1940, Studien und Dokumente zur Geschichte des Zweiten Weltkrieges, 7, 2nd Ed., Göttingen : Musterschmidt-Verlag, 586 p.
- Mann, Chris; Jörgensen, Christer. Hitler's Arctic War: The German Campaigns in Norway, Finland & the USSR 1940-45 (2002)
- Moulton, J.L. (Maj. Gen.) (1966) The Norwegian campaign of 1940 : a study of warfare in three dimensions, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 328 p.
- Ottmer, H.-M. (1994) Weserübung: der deutsche Angriff auf Dänemark und Norwegen im April 1940, Operationen des Zweiten Weltkrieges, 1, München : Oldenbourg, ISBN 3-486-56092-1
- Ziemke, Earl F. (1960) The German northern theater of operations 1940–1945, Department of the Army pamphlet, 20-271, Washington, D.C. : U.S. Govt Printing Office, 342 p., LCCN 60-060912
- Ziemke, Earl F. (2000 (reissue from 1960)). "The German Decision to Invade Norway and Denmark". Dalam Kent Roberts Greenfield (penyunting). Command Decisions. United States Army Center of Military History. CMH Pub 70-7. Unknown parameter
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Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Kempen Norway |
- Campaign in Norway at www.BritishMilitaryHistory.co.uk Diarkibkan 2016-03-04 di Wayback Machine
- NAVAL-HISTORY.NET – NORWEGIAN CAMPAIGN 1940
- Achtung Panzer! – German Panzer Unit in Norway April – June 1940 Diarkibkan 2009-02-05 di Wayback Machine
- Halford Mackinder's Necessary War An essay describing the political manoeuvers behind the Norwegian Campaign
- United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States diplomatic papers, 1940. General Volume I Pg. 136 onwards provides original documents which show how the conflict began.
- Torpedo Crisis of the U-Boats During Norwegian Campaign