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Pengguna:SNN95/Kotak pasir/Mass Rapid Transit (Malaysia)

Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.
Laman ini mengenai sistem transit aliran deras dalam Kuala Lumpur. Untuk sistem transit aliran deras yang sama dinamakan di Singapura, sila lihat Mass Rapid Transit (Singapura).
Mass Rapid Transit (MRT)
Umum
PemilikMass Rapid Transit Corporation Sdn Bhd
LokasiLembah Klang, Malaysia
Jenis transit
Transit aliran deras
Jumlah laluan/aliran
3
Jumlah stesen
71
9 34
12 37
Laman sesawang
mymrt.com.my
Operasi
Mula beroperasi
9 15 Disember 2016; 7 tahun yang lalu (2016-12-15)
12 Julai 2021; 3 tahun yang lalu (2021-07)
13 (di bawah kajian kemungkinan)
Pengendali9 Rapid Rail Sdn Bhd
Teknikal
Panjang sistem
150 km (93 bt)
9 51 km (32 bt)
12 52.2 km (32.4 bt)
13 46.8 km (29.1 bt)
Tolok landasan
1,435 mm (4 kaki 8 1⁄2 in) tolok piawai
Peta sistem

Greater KL / Klang Valley Integrated Transit Map
Sumber: SPAD sehingga Julai 2016

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Mass Rapid Transit,[1] lebih dikenali dengan singkatan "MRT") adalah rancangan besar-besaran 3 laluan sistem transit aliran deras dalam Metropolitan Lembah Klang bandar gabungan di Malaysia. Ia membayangkan konsep "roda dan jalinan" yang terdiri daripada dua baris radial barat laut-tenggara dan satu laluan bulatan ulang-alik sekitar Kuala Lumpur.

Laluan MRT, apabila siap, akan dikendalikan sebagai komponen daripada Sistem Pengangkutan Awam Lembah Klang.

"MRT" bukan sahaja ketara meningkatkan rangkaian rel semasa tetapi juga akan berfungsi untuk mengintegrasikan rangkaian rel sedia ada dan mengurangkan kesesakan lalu lintas yang teruk di kawasan metropolitan KL. Cadangan ini telah diumumkan pada bulan Jun 2010 dan telah diluluskan oleh kerajaan Malaysia pada Disember 2010. Pembinaan laluan pertama bermula pada Julai 2011. Projek ini juga merupakan salah satu projek permulaan ekonomi yang dikenal pasti bagi "Bidang Ekonomi Utama Negara"Lembah Klang di bawah Program Transformasi Ekonomi oleh kerajaan Malaysia.

The Mass Rapid Transit Corporation Sdn Bhd (MRT Corp), ditubuhkan pada September 2011, telah dilantik oleh kerajaan sebagai pemilik rasmi dan aset projek. Sebelum penubuhan perbadanan itu, projek ini telah diuruskan oleh Prasarana Malaysia Berhad (Prasarana).[2]

Sejarah

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Pada bulan Jun 2010, Perdana Menteri Najib Razak diumumkan semasa pembentangan Rancangan Malaysia Ke-10 (2011-2015) bahawa kerajaan sedang mengkaji cadangan MRT untuk Metropolitan Lembah Klang. Cadangan asal digelar "Sistem Pengangkutan Bersepadu Lembah Klang", tetapi ia adalah lebih biasa dirujuk sebagai "MRT Metropolitan Lembah Klang" atau "MRT Lembah Klang" oleh akhbar dan penganalisis.[3][4][5] Walaupun pelan konsep itu sendiri dikandung oleh usaha sama antara Gamuda Berhad dan MMC Corporation Berhad, pemberian kontrak untuk reka bentuk dan pembinaan pakej dijangka akan ditender oleh kerajaan melalui kaedah cabaran Switzerland, jika diluluskan.[6] Gamuda-MMC JV menyatakan hasrat untuk menjadi peneraju projek dan menjalankan kerja-kerja terowong itu.[7] The newly launched Public Land Transport Commission (SPAD) will oversee and coordinate the entire MRT development in terms of cost and viability, alignment and integration, and will play the role of regulator once the project is completed.[8][9] National infrastructure company, Prasarana would ultimately own and operate the MRT.[10]

In December 2010, the government approved the implementation of the MRT project,[11] and appointed Gamuda-MMC JV as Project Delivery Partner. Apart from tunneling works, the Gamuda-MMC JV will not be allowed to bid for the other eight parcels of the project.[12]

Job tenders were expected to open in April 2011 and construction was targeted to commence in July 2011.[13] In May 2012, MRT Corp has awarded four tenders worth RM3.22 billion for MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line. At the end of 2012, the corporation announced that the project for its first MRT line will not exceed RM23 billion, adding that the line is stipulated for completion by July 2017.[14]

Details and alignment for the MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line has been made public and all the relevant information can be found on MRT Corp website. In addition, the Malaysian government is expected to announce the alignment and station locations for MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya Line and MRT Circle Line by 2013.[15]

Rationale

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The MRT project represents one of the economic entry point project identified for the Greater Kuala Lumpur/Klang Valley National Key Economic Area under the Economic Transformation Program.[16] The new MRT system is envisaged to radically improve and transform Kuala Lumpur’s poor and sorely inadequate public transportation coverage and to propel the Greater Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area to be on par with that of a developed city. The new lines will increase Greater Kuala Lumpur’s rapid rail network from 15 km per million people in 2010 to 40 km per million people once completed. The proposal also envisages a fivefold increase in rail ridership, in line with the government’s target for public transport usage in the Klang Valley of 40% by 2020 from 18% in 2009.[17][18]

The system’s 3 lines – the Circle Line, looping around Kuala Lumpur city and the Red and Green Radial Lines, covering a 20 km radius in the southeast-northwest direction from the city centre – will integrate the current rapid transit system in Kuala Lumpur and serve high-density areas which are currently not serviced by rapid rail. About 90 new stations are planned in this “Wheel and Spoke” concept, out of which 26 in the city centre will be underground. Ridership capacity will be 2 million passengers per day.[19]

Preliminary project cost which will be government-funded, was estimated by Gamuda-MMC at RM36 billion,[20] representing the largest infrastructure project ever undertaken in Malaysia. Analysts estimate the cost could be significantly higher due to extensive tunneling works required.[21][22][23][24] While the project is welcome by most, some analysts and commentators have expressed concerns on the commercial viability of the project and skepticism on the government part to pull off a project of such scale, given the numerous past delays in other rail-related projects in Malaysia. However, most agree that the project will generate immense economic contribution and investment returns in the future.[25][26][27]

Alignment

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Laman utama: MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line, MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya Line, dan MRT Circle Line

In December 2010, the government approved the implementation of the MRT project and announced preliminary plans for the first line, the Blue Line, stretching 60 km from Sungai Buloh to Kajang through 35 stations. The line will pass through the city centre and will serve densely populated suburban areas including Kota Damansara, Mutiara Damansara, Bandar Utama, Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Bukit Damansara, Cheras, Bandar Tun Hussein Onn and Balakong, with a total catchment population of 1.2 million people. This line is targeted to commence construction in July 2011 and complete in 2016.[28]

The previous proposed line by Gamuda-MMC; the Red Line will go from Damansara in the northwest to Serdang in the southeast, while the Green Line will be from Kepong in the northeast to Cheras in the southwest. Both lines will pass through the city of Kuala Lumpur and converge at Dataran Perdana (Kuala Lumpur International Financial District) near Jalan Tun Razak.[29] The final route for MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line is believed to replace the Kota Damansara-Cheras Line which originally has been proposed by Prasarana in 2006 and Damansara-Serdang Line & Kepong-Cheras Line by Gamuda-MMC after has been considered as a priority route by PEMANDU.

The underground MRT Circle Line looping around the city of Kuala Lumpur will serve an important role to tie-up and integrate the currently disjointed LRT and monorail lines. Under the Greater KL/ Klang Valley Public Land Transport Master Plan draft, MRT Circle Line would cater for orbital movements around Kuala Lumpur, provide linkages to existing areas such as the Mid Valley, Mont Kiara, Sentul Timur and Ampang, as well as proposed major developments identified in the DBKL City Plan such as Matrade. The master plan draft says the circle line would be developed in at least two phases - The first, comprising 29 km with 22 stations - would be the western and southern sections linking Ampang with Mid Valley, Matrade and Sentul. The second phase (12 km with 8 stations) would link Ampang with Sentul Timur, completing the north eastern sector of the circle line. The master plan also says MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya Line or the north-south (NS) line would cater for north-west corridor of Greater Klang Valley, linking developing areas such as Sungai Buloh, Kepong and Selayang with the eastern half of the city centre (including Kampung Baru and Kuala Lumpur International Financial District), which was forecast to be overloaded in the future.[30]

Future expansion

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Future expansion of lines is sustainable under the Gamuda-MMC proposal, allowing for less costly expansion options and ridership increase to 4 million passengers per day.[31][32]

References

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  1. ^ "MRT Corporate Info". MRT Corp. 2012-01-09.
  2. ^ http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/prasarana-to-manage-mrt-until-handover-to-mrt-co
  3. ^ "KL to have MRT system, say sources". The Edge. 2010-06-07.
  4. ^ "10MP: Malaysia plans MRT system". Business Times. 2010-06-10.
  5. ^ "12 weeks to conduct MRT feasibility study". The Star. 2010-07-09.
  6. ^ "RM30b MRT plan". New Straits Times. 2010-06-08.
  7. ^ "Gamuda, MMC eye tunnel works". The Star. 2010-07-15.
  8. ^ "SPAD - Super transport service". Free Malaysia Today. 2010-06-16.
  9. ^ "Integrated transport masterplan a must, says Pua". Free Malaysia Today. 2010-06-28.
  10. ^ "Putrajaya mulls multi-billion rail deals". The Malaysian Insider. 2010-06-07.
  11. ^ "MRT project approved, set to start in July". The Malaysian Mirror. 2010-12-18.
  12. ^ "RM36b MRT project to be broken down to nine parcels for open tender". The Star. 2010-12-19.
  13. ^ "MRT project to generate billion$ in GNI". Business Times. 2011-01-05.
  14. ^ http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/12/21/business/12488225&sec=business
  15. ^ http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2012/12/21/business/12488225&sec=business
  16. ^ "MRT project to generate billion$ in GNI". Business Times. 2011-01-05.
  17. ^ "More on MRT". The Edge (CIMB). 2010-06-14.
  18. ^ "Gamuda hopeful KL MRT work can start next year". The Malaysian Insider. 2010-06-25.
  19. ^ "KL to get landmark MRT in world-class city bid". The Malaysian Insider. 2010-06-10.
  20. ^ "Govt-funded MRT". Business Times. 2010-12-24.
  21. ^ "Project likely to be govt-funded". New Straits Times. 2010-06-09.
  22. ^ "Cabinet yet to study MRT proposal from Gamuda, MMC". The Star. 2010-06-15.
  23. ^ "Cost of rail projects may top RM50bil". The Star. 2010-06-18.
  24. ^ "Public transport poised for change". The Star. 2010-06-26.
  25. ^ "MRT project may be tough to pull off". Business Times. 2010-06-25.
  26. ^ "MRT offers wider coverage". The Star. 2010-06-26.
  27. ^ "MRT to give high economic investment return". The Star. 2010-07-15.
  28. ^ "MRT project approved, set to start in July". The Malaysian Mirror. 2010-12-18.
  29. ^ "MRT offers wider coverage". The Star. 2010-06-26.
  30. ^ "Locations of two more mass rapid transit lines identified". 2012-04-12.
  31. ^ "More on MRT". The Edge (CIMB). 2010-06-14. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 February 2015. Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (bantuan)
  32. ^ "Gamuda, MMC eye tunnel works". The Edge (CIMB). 2010-07-15.
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