Hizbullah

Hezbollah
*حزب الله*
*Ḥizbu 'llāh*
Hezbollah حزب الله; Ḥizbu 'llāh
	Fail:Hezbollah political militia logo.png
Ditubuhkan	1985; 39 tahun yang lalu (official)
Ibu pejabat	Beirut, Lubnan
Sayap parlimen	Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc
Sayap separa tentera	Majlis Jihad Briged Pemberontak Lubnan
Ideologi	Nasionalisme Islam ; Anti-Zionisme ; Anti-imperialisme ; Shia Jihad ; Khomeinism ; Anti-West ; Antisemitisme ;
Kedudukan politik	Haluan Kiri
Agama	Islam Syiah
Penggabungan kebangsaan	Gabungan 8 Mac
Warna	Yellow; Green;
Slogan	فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلْغَالِبُونَ‎; "Kerana sesungguhnya golongan (yang berpegang kepada ugama) Allah, itulah yang tetap menang"
Parlimen	13 / 128 (10%)
Bendera parti
	Fail:Flag of Hezbollah.svg
Laman sesawang
	www.moqawama.org
	Politik Lubnan; Parti politik; Pilihan raya

Hezbollah (Arab: حزب الله, rumi: Ḥizbu 'llāh,, lit. 'Penolong Allah'code: ar is deprecated ). Kumpulan ini merupakan sebuah parti politik Islam di Lubnan.^[9]^[10] Parti ini terbentuk hasil inspirasi kejayaan Revolusi Iran pada tahun 1979 pimpinan mullah terkenal Ayatollah Ruhullah Khomeini yang mana peniruan fahaman ini dijadikan tindak balas terhadap serangan rejim Israel terhadap 1982 atau dikenali sebagai Perang Lubnan ialah meniru cara dan gaya kepimpinan ulama dalam Revolusi Islam Iran. Kebetulan pula ramai orang Islam Mazhab Syafii di Lubnan, Syria dan Jordan dan Iraq sendiri. Parti ini juga mempunyai pasukan tentera dan kegiatan awam yang berkesan di Lubnan.

Hezbollah merupakan salah satu parti utama dalam gabungan politik yang memerintah Lubnan sejak 8 Mac 2005. Walaupun Hizbullah telah menyertai kerajaan baharu, parti tersebut masih menjadi lawan bagi March 14 Alliance.^[11]

Aktiviti

Krisis di Syria

Semasa awal perang saudara di Syria pada tahun 2011, Hizbullah tidak menunjukkan sokongan terbuka kepada kerajaan Syria pimpinan Bashar al-Assad. Walaupun diketahui bahawa Hizbullah dan Syria adalah sekutu kuat kerana berpegang pada mazhab yang sama, Syiah. Tetapi pada tahun 2013, akibat tekanan dan tentangan kuat Free Syrian Army, menyebabkan kerajaan Syria hampir tewas. Hizbullah tanpa teragak- agak telah menunjukkan sokongan terbuka kepada Bashar al-Assad. Tidak cukup dengan itu, ribuan tentera Hizbullah dikerahkan untuk memerangi Tentera Bebas Syria terutamanya di bandar Al-Qusayr, Homs. Bandar ini menjadi medan pertempuran penting kerana kedudukannya bersempadan dengan Lubnan. Bandar Al-Qusayr akhirnya ditawan Kerajaan Syria atas bantuan Hizbullah. Kini Hizbullah melatih tentera-tentera kerajaan Syria untuk menawan bandar kedua terbesar Syria pula, Aleppo.

Rujukan

^ Ekaterina Stepanova, Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects Diarkibkan 10 Mac 2016 di Wayback Machine, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University Press 2008, p. 113
^ Elie Alagha, Joseph (2011). Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto. Amsterdam University Press. m/s. 15, 20. ISBN 978-90-8555-037-2.
Shehata, Samer (2012). Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change. Routledge. m/s. 176. ISBN 978-0-415-78361-3.
Husseinia, Rola El (2010). "Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria". Third World Quarterly. 31 (5): 803–815. doi:10.1080/01436597.2010.502695.
^ ^a ^b Philip Smyth (February 2015). The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects (PDF) (Laporan). The Washington Institute for Near East Studies. m/s. 7–8. Dicapai pada 13 March 2015.
^ Levitt, Matthew (2013). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God. m/s. 356. ISBN 9781849043335. Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives.
Hanhimäki, Jussi M.; Blumenau, Bernhard (2013). An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences. m/s. 267. ISBN 9780415635400. Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel.
Siegel, Larry J. (3 February 2012). Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology. m/s. 396. ISBN 978-1133049647. Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings.
^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama bbc-hi-me
^ Julius, Anthony. Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.
Michael, Robert and Philip Rosen. Dictionary of Antisemitism from the Earliest Times to the Present. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.
Perry, Mark. Talking to Terrorists: Why America Must Engage with Its Enemies. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015
"Analysis: Hezbollah's lethal anti-Semitism". The Jerusalem Post.
^ Petikan] dari Al-Qur'an dalam surah Al-Maidah ayat 56
^ "Interior Ministry releases numbers of votes for new MPs". The Daily Star. 9 Mei 2018.
^ Jamail, Dahr (20 July 2006). "Hezbollah's transformation". Asia Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-01-25. Dicapai pada 23 October 2007.
^ "Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)". Council on Foreign Relations. 13 September 2008. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 September 2008. Dicapai pada 15 September 2008.
^ Gambill, Gary. "The Counter-revolution of the Cedars". Mideastmonitor.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 July 2011. Dicapai pada 20 October 2012.

Pautan luar

Is Hezbollah Confronting a Crisis of Popular Legitimacy? Dr. Eric Lob, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, March 2014
Hezbollah: Financing Terror through Criminal Enterprise, Testimony of Matthew Levitt, Hearing of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate
Hizbullah's two republics by Mohammed Ben Jelloun, Al-Ahram, 15–21 Februari 2007
Inside Hezbollah - dokumentari Frontline/World produksi PBS
Lebanon: Close Security Council vote backs free elections, urges foreign troop pullout - laporan Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu, 2 September 2004

[1] Ekaterina Stepanova, Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects Diarkibkan 10 Mac 2016 di Wayback Machine, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Oxford University Press 2008, p. 113

[2] Elie Alagha, Joseph (2011). Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto. Amsterdam University Press. m/s. 15, 20. ISBN 978-90-8555-037-2.
Shehata, Samer (2012). Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change. Routledge. m/s. 176. ISBN 978-0-415-78361-3.
Husseinia, Rola El (2010). "Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria". Third World Quarterly. 31 (5): 803–815. doi:10.1080/01436597.2010.502695.

[Shiite_jihad-3] Philip Smyth (February 2015). The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects (PDF) (Laporan). The Washington Institute for Near East Studies. m/s. 7–8. Dicapai pada 13 March 2015.

[4] Levitt, Matthew (2013). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God. m/s. 356. ISBN 9781849043335. Hezbollah's anti-Western militancy began with attacks against Western targets in Lebanon, then expanded to attacks abroad intended to exact revenge for actions threatening its or Iran's interests, or to press foreign governments to release captured operatives.
Hanhimäki, Jussi M.; Blumenau, Bernhard (2013). An International History of Terrorism: Western and Non-Western Experiences. m/s. 267. ISBN 9780415635400. Based upon these beliefs, Hezbollah became vehemently anti-West and anti-Israel.
Siegel, Larry J. (3 February 2012). Criminology: Theories, Patterns & Typology. m/s. 396. ISBN 978-1133049647. Hezbollah is anti-West and anti-Israel and has engaged in a series of terrorist actions including kidnappings, car bombings, and airline hijackings.

[bbc-hi-me-5] Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama bbc-hi-me

[6] Julius, Anthony. Trials of the Diaspora: A History of Anti-Semitism in England. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.
Michael, Robert and Philip Rosen. Dictionary of Antisemitism from the Earliest Times to the Present. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015.
Perry, Mark. Talking to Terrorists: Why America Must Engage with Its Enemies. Via Google Books. 1 May 2015
"Analysis: Hezbollah's lethal anti-Semitism". The Jerusalem Post.

[7] Petikan] dari Al-Qur'an dalam surah Al-Maidah ayat 56

[8] "Interior Ministry releases numbers of votes for new MPs". The Daily Star. 9 Mei 2018.

[HG20Ak02-9] Jamail, Dahr (20 July 2006). "Hezbollah's transformation". Asia Times. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-01-25. Dicapai pada 23 October 2007.

[CFR-10] "Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)". Council on Foreign Relations. 13 September 2008. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 13 September 2008. Dicapai pada 15 September 2008.

[11] Gambill, Gary. "The Counter-revolution of the Cedars". Mideastmonitor.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 16 July 2011. Dicapai pada 20 October 2012.

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