Senarai bekas Islam
 | Tolong bantu menterjemahkan sebahagian rencana ini. Rencana ini memerlukan kemaskini dalam Bahasa Melayu piawai Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Sila membantu, bahan-bahan boleh didapati di Senarai bekas Islam (Inggeris). Jika anda ingin menilai rencana ini, anda mungkin mahu menyemak di terjemahan Google. Walau bagaimanapun, jangan menambah terjemahan automatik kepada rencana, kerana ini biasanya mempunyai kualiti yang sangat teruk. Sumber-sumber bantuan: Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. |
Yang berikut adalah senarai orang terkenal yang telah menjadi Muslim sebahagian dari hidup mereka, tetapi meninggalkan Islam untuk agama lain atau sebuah seluruh dunia ketiadaan agama.
Memasuki sebuah agama samawi yang berlainan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Memasuki agama Kristian
[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Mosab Hassan Yousef - Palestine, bekas ahli Hamas dan anak pemimpin Hamas dari West Bank Sheik Hassan Yousuf
- Jean-Bédel Bokassa – Central African Republic Emperor (dari agama Kristian kepada Islam dan balik ke agama Kristian).[2]
- Ahmed Barzani – Head of Barzani Tribe in Iraqi Kurdistan.[3]
- Ibrahim Njoya – agama orang Bamum; memasuki berulang-alik dari Islam ke agama Kristian.[4] Juga mendirikan agamanya tersendiri.[5]
- Eldridge Cleaver – Conversions/Associations to Nation of Islam then Evangelical Christianity then Mormonism.[6][7]
- Aslan Abashidze – Bekas pemimpin Republik Autonomi Ajarian di Georgia barat.[8]
- Rotimi Adebari, datuk bandar Hitam pertama di Ireland[9]
- Mehmet Ali Agca – pembunuh ultra-nasionalis Turki, yang menembak dan melukakan Pope John Paul II pada Mei 13, 1981. Pada awal 2009, Agca meninggalkan Islam dalam penjara dan mengumumkan niatnya untuk memasuki agama Katolik ketika dibebaskan.[10][11]
- Bahaa el-Din Ahmed Hussein el-Akkad – Bekas sheikh Islam Mesir.[12]
- Magdi Allam – wartawan hal ehwal Islam terkenal di Itali.[13]
- Hussain Andaryas – aktivis Kristian Afghan dan tele-evangelist.[14]
- Chamillionaire – penyanyi rap masyhur yang pernah bersolat di masjid tetapi kini seorang Kristian.[15]
- Josephine Bakhita – santo Katolik Rom dari Darfur, Sudan.[16]
- Sarah Balabagan – banduan Filipina di United Arab Emirates sewaktu 1994 – 96.[17]
- Fathima Rifqa Bary – remaja belasan tahun Amerika berketurunan Sri Lanka yang menarik perhatian antarabangsa pada 2009 apabila dia melarikan diri dari rumah dan mendakwa bahawa ibu bapa Muslimnya akan membunuh kerana telah memasuki agama Kristian.[18]
- Abo of Tiflis – Christian activist and the Patron Saint of the city of Tbilisi, Georgia.[19]
- Don Juan of Persia – Late 16th and early 17th century figure in Iran and Spain.[20]
- Utameshgaray of Kazan – Khan of Kazan Khanate.[21]
- Yadegar Moxammat of Kazan – Last khan of Kazan Khanate.[21]
- Sayed Borhan khan – Khan of Qasim Khanate from 1627 to 1679.[21]
- Simeon Bekbulatovich – Khan of Qasim Khanate.[21]
- The Sibirsky family – The foremost of many Genghisid (Shaybanid) noble families formerly living in Russia.[22]
- Maria Temrjukovna – Circassian princess, and second wife to Ivan IV of Russia who was born in a Muslim upbringing, and baptised into the Russian Orthodox Church on August 21, 1561.[23]
- The Shihab family – Prominent Lebanese noble family. The family originally belonged to Sunni Islam and converted to Christianity at the end of the 18th century.[24]
- Jacob Frank – 18th century Jewish religious leader who claimed to be the reincarnation of the self-proclaimed messiah Sabbatai Zevi, and also of King David. Frank publicly converted to Islam in 1757 and later to Christianity at Poland in 1759, but actually presented himself as the Messiah of a syncretic derivation of Shabbatai Zevi's Messianism now referred to as Frankism.[25]
- Walid Shoebat – American author and former member of the PLO.[26]
- Hassan Dehqani-Tafti – Anglican Bishop of Iran from 1961 to 1990.[27]
- Ibrahim Ben Ali – Soldier, physician and one of the earliest American settlers of Turkish origin.[28]
- Bob Denard – French soldier and mercenary leader. Converted from Catholicism to Judaism, then Islam and eventually back to Catholicism.[29]
- Nonie Darwish – Egyptian-American writer and public speaker.[30]
- Mehdi Dibaj – Iranian pastor and Christian activist.[31]
- Ghorban Tourani – Former Iranian Sunni Muslim who became a Christian minister. Following multiple murder threats , he was abducted and murdered on November 22, 2005.[32]
- Patrick Sookhdeo – British Anglican canon[33]
- Mark A. Gabriel- Egyptian writer[34]
- Akbar Gbaja-Biamila – American football player.[35][36]
- Alexander Kazembek – Russian Orientalist, historian and philologist of Azeri origin .[37]
- Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila – American football player.[35]
- Qadry Ismail – Former American football player.[38]
- Raghib Ismail – Former American football player.[39]
- Tunch Ilkin – Former American football player.[40]
- Lina Joy – Malaysian convert to Christianity. The desire to have her conversion recognized was the subject of a court case in Malaysia.[41]
- Carlos Menem – Former President of Argentina. Raised a Muslim but converted to Roman Catholicism, the official religion of Argentina, due to his political aspirations.[42]
- Marina Nemat – Canadian author of Iranian descent and former political prisoner of the Iranian government. Born into a Christian family, she converted to Islam in order to avoid execution but later reverted to Christianity.[43]
- George Weah – Liberian soccer player (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[44]
- Momolu Dukuly – Liberian foreign minister.[45]
- Nazli Sabri – Queen consort of Egypt.[46][47]
- James Scurry – British soldier and statesman.[48]
- Begum Samru – Powerful lady of north India, ruling a large area from Sardhana, Uttar Pradesh.[50]
- Abdul Rahman – Afghan convert to Christianity who escaped the death penalty because of foreign pressure.[51]
- Mathieu Kérékou- President of Benin (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity).[52]
- Sheikh Deen Muhammad – British Indian traveller, surgeon and entrepreneur who introduced shampooing and the Indian take-away curry house restaurant in Britain, and was the first Indian to have written a book in the English language.[53][54]
- Kitty Kirkpatrick – Daughter of James Achilles Kirkpatrick, British Resident in Hyderabad and Khair-un-Nissa, a Hyderabadi noblewoman.[55]
- Emily Ruete – (born Sayyida Salme) Princess of Zanzibar and Oman.[56][57][58]
- Emir Kusturica – a Serbian and Yugoslavian filmmaker and actor.[49][59]
- Daniel Ali- Iraqi Kurdish Christian author and speaker; evangelizes in Catholic, Protestant and Messianic Jewish circles.[60][61]
- Fernão Lopez – Portuguese nobleman, soldier and the first known permanent inhabitant of the remote Island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic Ocean.[62]
- Alexander Bekovich-Cherkassky – Russian officer of Circassian origin who led the first Russian military expedition into Central Asia.[63]
- Umar ibn Hafsun – Leader of anti-Ummayad dynasty forces in southern Iberia. Hafsun converted to Christianity with his sons and ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle Bobastro as his residence.[64]
- Casilda of Toledo – Saint of the Roman Catholic Church.[65]
- Saint Alodia and Saint Nunilo – Christian martyrs and confessors who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[66]
- Aurelius and Natalia – Christian martyrs who were put to death during the reign of Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[67]
- Johannes Avetaranian – (born Muhammad Shukri Efendi), Christian missionary and Turkish descendent of Prophet Muhammad.[68]
- Paul Mulla – Turkish scholar and professor of Islamic Studies at the Pontifical Oriental Institute.[69]
- Hamid Pourmand – Former Iranian army colonel and lay leader of the Jama'at-e Rabbani, the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God church in Iran.[70]
- Donald Fareed – Iranian Christian tele-evangelist and minister.[71]
- Daveed Gartenstein-Ross- Counter-terrorism expert and attorney (from Judaism to Islam to Christianity).[72][73]
- Zachariah Anani – Former Sunni Muslim Lebanese militia fighter[74]
- Malika Oufkir – Author, activist and former prisoner of the Moroccan Royal Family.[75]
- Ruffa Gutierrez – Filipina actress, model and former beauty queen (from Christianity to Islam back to Christianity)[76]
- Fadhma Aït Mansour – Mother of French writers Jean Amrouche and Taos Amrouche.[77]
- Imad ud-din Lahiz – Prolific Islamic writer, preacher and Quranic translator.[78]
- Dr. Nur Luke – Uyghur Bible translator.[79]
- Hakan Tastan and Turan Topal – Two Turkish Christian converts who went on trial in 2006, on charges of "allegedly insulting 'Turkishness' and inciting religious hatred against Islam".[80]
- Mohammed Hegazy – First Egyptian Muslim convert to Christianity to seek official recognition of his conversion from the Egyptian Government.[81]
- Maher El Gohary -Second Egyptian Muslim convert to Christianity to seek official recognition of his conversion from the Egyptian Government.[82]
- Nagla al-ImamLawyer Female Egyptian convert to Christianity.[83]
- Francis Bok – Sudanese-American activist, convert to Islam from Christianity; but later returned to his Christian faith.[84]
- Josef Mässrur – (born Ghäsim Khan) missionary to Chinese Turkestan with the Mission Union of Sweden.[85]
- Gulshan Esther – Pakistani convert from Islam to Christianity.[86]
- Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh – Brother of Zaynab bint Jahsh, the wife of Prophet Muhammad and one of the male Sahaba (companions of the Prophet).[87]
- Jabalah ibn al-Aiham – last ruler of the Ghassanid state in Syria and Jordan in the seventh century AD. After the Islamic conquest of Levant he converted to Islam in AD 638. He reverted to Christianity later on and lived in Anatolia until he died in AD 645.[88]
- Constantine the African – Baghdad-educated Muslim who died in 1087 as a Christian monk at Monte Cassino.[89][90]
- Estevanico – Berber originally from Morocco and one of the early explorers of the Southwestern United States.[91]
- Abraham of Bulgaria – Martyr and saint of the Russian Orthodox Church.[92]
- St. Adolphus – Christian martyr who was put to death along with his brother, John, by Abd ar-Rahman II, Caliph of Córdoba for apostasy.[95]
- Nasir Siddiki – Canadian evangelist, author, and business consultant.[96]
- Matthew Ashimolowo – Nigerian-born British pastor and evangelist.[97]
- Michał Czajkowski – Polish-Cossack writer and political emigre who worked both for the resurrection of Poland and the reestablishment of a Cossack Ukraine.[98]
- Stefan Razvan – Gypsy prince who ruled Moldavia for six months in 1595.[99]
- Skanderbeg – Albanian monarch and military leader. Skanderbeg converted to Islam from Christianity but reverted back to Christianity later in life.[1]
- Amir Sjarifuddin – Indonesian socialist leader who later became the second prime minister of Indonesia during its National Revolution.[100]
- Dr.Thomas Yayi Boni – President of Benin.[101]
- Al-Mu'eiyyad – Abbasid prince and third son of Abbasid caliph, Al-Mutawakkil. He was converted to Christianity along with his three confidants by St. Theodore of Edessa, accepting the name "John" upon baptism.[102][103]
- Aben Humeya – (born Fernando de Valor) Morisco Chief who was crowned the Emir of Andalusia by his followers and led the Morisco Revolt against Philip II of Spain.[104]
- Rudolf Carl von Slatin – Anglo-Austrian soldier and administrator in the Sudan.[105]
- Shams Pahlavi – Iranian princess and the elder sister of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shah of Iran.[106]
- Saye Zerbo – President of the republic of Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso).[107]
- Zaida of Seville – Refugee Andalusian Muslim princess who was a mistress and then perhaps queen of Alfonso VI of Castile.[108]
- Djibril Cissé – footballer for club and country.[109][110]
- Sedar Dedeoglu – a Turk who claims to be a descendant of Islam's prophet Muhammad has converted to Christianity while living in Germany.[111]
- Majeed Rashid Mohammed – a Kurdish Christian convert from Islam. He established a network with former Kurdish Muslims with about 2,000 members today.[112]
- Muhsin Muhammad – Football player for Carolina Panthers[113]
- Josephine Bakhita – [16]
- Mario Joseph (Moulvi Sulaiman) – Former Muslim cleric from India [114]
Memasuki agama Yahudi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Reza Jabari – Israeli of Iranian birth who hijacked a flight between Tehran and the Iranian resort island of Kish in September, 1995 while working as a flight attendant for Iranian carrier Kish Air flight 707.[115]
- Avraham Sinai – Lebanese former Shi'ite who converted to Judaism. He served as an informant for the Israelis while serving in Hezbollah, until his actions were uncovered. He fled to Israel and subsequently converted.[116]
Memasuki agama Bahá'í
[sunting | sunting sumber]
These were mostly people who were followers of the Bahá'u'lláh at the time he founded the Bahá'í Faith. They were formerly Muslims.
- Mírzá Abu'l-Fadl – Foremost Bahá'í scholar who helped spread the Bahá'í Faith in Egypt, Turkmenistan, and the United States. One of the few Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh who never actually met Bahá'u'lláh.[118]
- Mishkín-Qalam- Prominent Bahá'í and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh, as well as a famous calligrapher of 19th century Persia.[117]
- Táhirih- Persian poetess and theologian of the Bábí faith in Iran.[119]
- Nabíl-i-A'zam- Bahá'í historian and one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh[120]
- Hají Ákhúnd- Eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh. He was appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.[120]
- Ibn-i-Abhar – appointed a Hand of the Cause, and identified as one of the nineteen Apostles of Bahá'u'lláh.[120]
- Mírzá Mahmúd – Eminent follower of Bahá'u'lláh, the founder of the Bahá'í Faith.[120]
- Núrayn-i-Nayyirayn – two brothers who were beheaded in the city of Isfahan in 1879.[120]
Sebahagian dari agama tidak ditubuhkan atau tiada agama
[sunting | sunting sumber]Menjadi Ateis
[sunting | sunting sumber]
.jpg)
- Abdullah al-Qasemi – Saudi born Egyptian
- Abdullah Sameer – Canadian ex-Muslim, Founder of Light Upon Light and Verse By Verse Quran.[122]
- Afshin Ellian – Iranian-Dutch professor of law, philosopher, poet[123][124]
- Ahmed Harqan – Egyptian human rights activist and outspoken atheist.[125]
- Ahmed Sharif – Bangladeshi humanist book seller, human rights activist and secular humanist.[126]
- Al-Ma'arri – blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer.[127]
- Alexander Aan – Indonesian atheist and ex-Muslim of Minang descent, who was attacked by an mob and arrested in 2012 for posting "God does not exist" and other antireligious writings on Facebook, attracting international attention.[128]
- Ali A. Rizvi – Pakistani-born Canadian physician, writer and ex-Muslim activist[129]
- Ali Soilih – Comorian socialist revolutionary; president of the Comoros[130]
- Aliaa Magda Elmahdy – Egyptian internet activist and women's rights advocate.
- Aliyah Saleem – British secular education campaigner, writer and market researcher, activist and co-founder of advocacy group Faith to Faithless.
- Anwar Shaikh – British author of Pakistani descent.[131]
- Arifur Rahman (blogger) – London-based Bangladishi atheist blogger and activist.[132]
- Armin Navabi – Iranian-born atheist and secular activist, author, podcaster and vlogger, founder of Atheist Republic
- Aroj Ali Matubbar – self-taught Bangladeshi philosopher
- Arzu Toker – German-speaking writer, journalist, publicist, translator of Turkish descent, cofounder of the Central Council of Ex-Muslims in Germany.
- As'ad Abu Khalil – Lebanese professor of political science at California State University, Stanislaus. He describes himself as an "atheist secularist".[133][134]
- Asif Mohiuddin – Bangladeshi blogger and secularist[135]
- Avijit Roy – Bangladeshi-American author, scientist, humanist activist and blogger, husband of Bonya Ahmed; they were victims of a terrorist attack by Islamists.[136]
- Ayaan Hirsi Ali – Somali-born Dutch feminist, writer, and politician.[137]
- Ayaz Nizami – Pakistani Islamic Scholar became atheist, Founder of realisticapproach.org.[138] an Urdu website about atheism, and Vice President of Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan[139] He is currently detained under the charges of blasphemy and could face the death penalty.[140][141]
- Ayman Odeh – Israeli politician
- Aziz Nesin – popular Turkish humorist and author of more than 100 books.[142]
- Barack Obama Sr. – Kenyan senior governmental economist, and the father of 44th U.S. President Barack Obama[143]
- Bisi Alimi – Nigerian gay rights activist based in the United Kingdom
- Bonya Ahmed – Bangladeshi-American author, humanist activist and blogger, wife of Avijit Roy; they were victims of a terrorist attack by Islamists.[136]
- Charles Wardle – former militant convert to Islam from New Zealand. Worked for the NZSIS.[144][145]
- E.A. Jabbar – Indian ex-Muslim, orator, writer, retired school teacher of Kerala. Editor of Yukthiyugam Malayalam Magazine [146]
- Ebru Umar – Dutch columnist of Turkish descent, critic of Islam and of Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
- Enver Hoxha – Communist dictator who declared Albania the first atheist state, and who has been identified as an "arch-atheist."[147]
- Faik Konitza – Albanian stylist, critic, publicist and political figure that had a tremendous impact on Albanian writing and on Albanian culture at the time.[148]
- Faisal Saeed Al Mutar – Iraqi-born satirist, human rights activist, writer, founder of the Global Secular Humanist Movement (GSHM).[149]
- Farhan Akhtar – Indian actor, singer, songwriter, playback singer, producer and television host.[150][151]
- Fauzia Ilyas – founder of Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan
- Fazıl Say – Turkish pianist, sued for having expressed his atheism publicly.
- Hafid Bouazza – Moroccan-Dutch writer.[152][153]
- Hamed Abdel-Samad – German-Egyptian political scientist, historian and author.
- Harris Sultan – Ex-Muslim from Pakistan, Author of The Curse of God - Why I left Islam.[154]
- Hassan Bahara – Moroccan-Dutch writer.[155]
- Humayun Azad – Bangladeshi author, poet, scholar and linguists.[156][157]
- Inkulab – Tamil rationalist poet/writer and Marxist activist. Born as Sakul Hameed.[158][159]
- Irfan Habib – Indian Historian.[160]
- Ismael Adham – Egyptian writer and philosopher.[161]
- Ismail Kadare – world-renowned Albanian writer.[162]
- Ismail Mohamed (activist) – Egyptian atheist human rights activist, host of The Black Ducks programme.[163]
- Javed Akhtar – noted Indian writer and lyricist.[164][161]
- Kacem El Ghazzali – Moroccan-Swiss writer and activist.[165]
- Kareem Amer – Egyptian blogger.[166][167]
- Kumail Nanjiani – Pakistani American stand-up comic and actor.[168]
- Lounès Matoub – Algerian Berber Kabyle singer.[169]
- Maryam Namazie – Iranian communist, political activist and leader of the British apostate-organization Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain[170]
- Mirza Fatali Akhundov – 19th century Azerbaijani playwright and philosopher.[171]
- Muhammad Syed - Pakistani American speaker and political activist. Co-founder of Ex-Muslims of North America.
- Mustafa Kemal Atatürk – fil marsyal, negarawan, reformis sekular dan pengarang Turki; deis atau ateis[172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180][181]
- Nahla Mahmoud – Sudanese-born British writer, secularist, environmentalist, and human rights activist, and spokesperson for the Council of Ex-Muslims of Britain.[182]
- Parvin Darabi – Iranian born American activist, writer and woman's rights activist.[183]
- Pelin Batu – Turkish actress and television personality[184][185]
- Rahaf Mohammed – Saudi Arabian refugee in Canada whose January 2019 flight attracted international attention and involved diplomatic intervention.[186]
- Ramiz Alia – Albanian communist leader and former president of Albania.[187]
- Rana Ahmad – Saudi Arabian refugee in Germany, author, women's rights activist and founder of the Atheist Refugee Relief[188]
- Ridvan Aydemir – German-born American Youtuber and internet activist.[189]
- Rumana Rabbani – Bangladeshi-American model
- Salman Rushdie – British-Indian novelist and essayist.[121]
- Sam Touzani – Belgian actor, TV presenter, choreographer and comedian with Moroccan roots, critic of both the far-right and Islamism.[190]
- Sarah Haider - American writer, speaker, political activist and co-founder of Ex-Muslims of North America.[191]
- Sarmad Kashani – seventeenth-century mystical poet and sufi saint, arrived from Persia to India, beheaded for assumed heresy by the Mughal emperor, Aurungzebe. Sarmad renounced Judaism, briefly converting to Islam and then Hinduism. He later denounced all religions and rejected belief in gods.[192][193]
- Sibel Kekilli – German actress of Turkish origin, known for her role as 'Shae' in Game of Thrones. Kekili was raised as a Muslim, but does not belong to any religion anymore, and although she stated she respects all religions,[194] has criticised the physical mistreatment of women in Islam.[195]
- Sherif Gaber - egyptian political activist and blogger.
- Sofia Ashraf - Indian rapper and singer.
- Tarik Khobzi - Canadian (Algerian & Russian origin) electrical engineer.
- Taslima Nasrin – Bangladeshi author, feminist, human rights activist and secular humanist.[196]
- MD. Tipu Sultan - Bangladeshi Human Right Activist and Writer.[197]
- Turan Dursun – Turkish writer. He was once a Turkish mufti and later authored many books critical of Islam.[198]
- Valon Behrami – Kosovo-born Swiss professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for English club Watford.[199]
- Waleed Al-Husseini – Palestinian philosopher, essayist, writer, blogger and co-founder of Council of Ex-Muslims in France (CEMF).
- Zackie Achmat – South African anti-HIV/AIDS activist; founder of the Treatment Action Campaign.[200]
- Zara Kay – Ateis mantan Muslim dari Tanzania, belajar di Malaysia, aktivis sekular dan aktivis hak wanita.[201]
- Zineb El Rhazoui – Moroccan-born French journalist and former columnist for Paris-based satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo.[202]
- Zoya Akhtar – Indian director and screenwriter.[203][204]
Menjadi Agnostik
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Seema Mustafa – Indian journalist, Political Editor and Delhi Bureau Chief of The Asian Age newspaper.[205][206]
- Javed Akhtar – noted Indian writer, lyricist, TV show host and secular and nationalist activist
- Shabana Azmi – noted Indian movie actress and activist, married to Javed Akhtar
- Cenk Uygur – Main host of the liberal talk radio show The Young Turks. He is an agnostic.[207]
- Wafa Sultan – Syrian-born American psychiatrist and controversial critic of Islam. She describes herself as a "Secular Humanist"[208][209]
- Ibn Warraq – British Pakistani secularist author and founder of the Institute for the Secularisation of Islamic Society[210]
- Mina Ahadi – Iranian-born pacifist, founder of the German apostate-organization "Zentralrat der Ex-Muslime"[211]
- Dr. Younus Shaikh – Pakistani medical doctor, human rights activist, rationalist and free-thinker.[212]
- Ibn al-Rawandi – early skeptic of Islam.[213]
Menjadi Deis
[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Rami Shaaban is a Swedish professional football player with an Egyptian father and a Finnish mother.[215][216]
- Mamadou Niang is a Senegalese football forward[217]
- Amin Asikainen – boxer[218]
- Mirza Delibašić – was a Bosnian basketball player.[219]
- Azra Akın – a model from Turkey[220]
- Ehsan Jami – former politician and founder of Central Committee for Ex-Muslims.[221]
- Ahmad Kasravi – was a notable Iranian linguist, historian, and reformer.[222]
Memasuki sebuah agama Dharma
[sunting | sunting sumber]Memasuki agama Buddha
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Tillakaratne Dilshan – pemain kriket Sri Lankan.[223]
- Wong Ah Kiu – rakyat Malaysia dari campuran keturunan Cina dan Melayu. Dia telah dibesarkan sebagai seorang penganut Buddha.[224]
- Kenneth Pai – penulis Cina Amerika dari keturunan Hui.[225]
- Mehmet Scholl – pemain bola sepak Jerman dan pengikut prinsip-prinsip Buddha[226]
- RZA – rapper and actor, with the Wu-Tang Clan who now incorporate aspects of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Taoism into his spiritual beliefs[227][228][229]
Memasuki agama Hindu
[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Aasish Khan, the son of sarod maestro Ustad Ali Akbar Khan [231]
- Annapurna Devi (born Roshanara Khan) – Surbahar (bass sitar) player and music teacher in the North Indian classical tradition[232]
- Asha Gawli – (born Ayesha) Wife of Arun Gawli, notorious gangster turned politician from Mumbai, India.[233]
- Bukka I – King of Vijayanagara empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted. The early life of Bukka as well as his brother Hakka (also known as Harihara I) are relatively unknown and most accounts of their early life are based on theories.[234][235]
- Chander Mohan – Former Deputy Chief Minister of Haryana State in India.[236][237]
- Harihara I – King of Vijayanagara empire who converted to Islam, then reconverted[235]
- Haridas Thakura – Prominent Vaishnavite saint born in 1450, instrumental in the early appearance and spread of Hare Krishna movement. He used to chat "Hare Krishna" 300,000 times daily! His Muslim name remains unknown to this day.[238]
- Hassan Palakkode Muslim scholar [239]
- Harilal Gandhi – He was the son of Mahatma Gandhi (father of India) and converted to Islam. He was in Islam for a few months, before reverting back to Hinduism.[230]
- Ifa Sudewi – Chief judge for the 2002 Bali bombing trials in Indonesia.[240][241]
- Khushboo Sundar (born Khushboo Khan) – Tamil movie actress[242]
- Nadira Babbar (born Nadira Zaheer)] – Wife of actor turned politician Raj Babbar. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage. She was the daughter of communist leader Syed Sajjad Zaheer and Urdu writer Razia Sajjad Zaheer.
- Nafisa Ali, former Miss India and leading social activist]
- Nargis Dutt (Fatima Rashid), famous Bollywood actress]
- Netaji Palkar – Maratha noble and commander-in-chief of the army of Shivaji, 19 June 1676.[243][244][245]
- Shanti Devi born Ashgari – Mother of yesteryear Bollywood Actress Tabassum. She was daughter of a Maulvi but converted to Hinduism after marriage and even underwent Hindu religious education.[246]
- Sonam (born Bakhtawar Murad)] – Bollywood actress and Wife of Bollywood director Rajiv Rai. She converted to Hinduism upon marriage. She is the niece of character actor Raza Murad and granddaughter of veteran character actor Murad. She is the cousin of actress Sanober Kabir.
- Zubeida – Hindi film actress, on whose life story the film Zubeidaa was based[247]
Memasuki Sikhisme
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Kuldeep Manak – (lahir Latif Mohammed) Penyanyi masyhur Punjabi yang, selepas kemasukannya, mengeluarkan sebilangan trek kebaktian Sikh.[248]
Lain
[sunting | sunting sumber]
pengasas agama
[sunting | sunting sumber]
- Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi - founder of the spiritual movements Messiah Foundation International and Anjuman Serfaroshan-e-Islam.[250][251]
- Akbar the great – Mughal emperor and founder of Dīn-i Ilāhī, a religious movement whose followers never numbered more than 19 adherents.[249]
- Ariffin Mohammed – Founder of the Sky Kingdom who claimed a unique connection to God. In spite of renouncing Islam in 2001, he stated that there was no restriction on practising your own faith and at the same time belonging to the Sky Kingdom.[252]
- Báb – the founder of Babism. Most of his followers later accepted Bahá'u'lláh and thus became Baha'is.[253]
- Bahá'u'lláh – after the Bab's death, claimed to be the prophet the Báb spoke of, thereby founding the Bahá'í Faith.[120]
- Salih ibn Tarif – Second king of the Berghouata. He proclaimed himself a Prophet/Mahdi and came out with his own Qur'an.[254]
- Kabir – 15th century mystical poet and founder of the Kabirpanthi. Born to a Hindu Brahmin widow but adopted and raised as Muslim by a childless Muslim couple, later denouncing both Hinduism and Islam.[255][256]
- Musaylimah – Prophet of the Banu Hanifa tribe who lived during and after the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad.[257]
- Dwight York – African American author, black supremacist leader, musician, convicted child molester and founder of the religious doctrine called Nuwaubianism.[258]
- Ha-Mim – religious founder in Morocco
- Ṣāliḥ ibn Tarīf – formed a syncretic religion based in Barghawata
- Sultan Sahak – founded Ahl-e Haqq
Sistem kepercayaan kini tidak dapat ditentukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Khalid Duran – Specialist in the history, sociology and politics of the Islamic world.[260]
- Charles Bronson – British criminal and self-styled "most violent prisoner in Britain".[261]
- David Hicks – Australian-born Guantanamo Bay detainee who converted to Islam[262] and was notorious in his homeland for his once support of radical Islam and for the circumstances surrounding his incarceration, is believed to have renounced Islam whilst incarcerated at Guantanamo Bay.[263]
- Wesley Snipes – American actor, film producer, and martial artist.[259]
- Djamolidine Abdoujaparov – Ex-cyclist.[264]
- Touriya Haoud – model[265]
- Jananne Al-Ani – artist[266]
- Leon Osman – footballer [267]
- Lex Hixon – Not raised religious; Conversions to Hinduism, Sufism. Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and possibly Zen.[268]
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Senarai berkaitan kemurtadan lain
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Senarai bekas Yahudi
- Senarai bekas ateis dan agnostik
- Senarai bekas Protestan
- Senarai bekas Katolik Rom
- Senarai bekas Latter Day Saints
- Senarai bekas Kristian
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b Rendina, Claudio (2000). La grande enciclopedia di Roma. Rome: Newton Compton, 1136. ISBN 88-8289-316-2.
- ^ I Love Jeddah in the Springtime Diarkibkan 2013-08-12 di Wayback Machine Time magazine
- ^ http://www.foia.cia.gov/docs/DOC_0000258376/0000258376_0014.gif
- ^ "African Studies Quarterly". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-02-06. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ "W. E. B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research at Harvard". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-10-14. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ New York Times obituary[pautan mati kekal]
- ^ "Africana Online". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2010-04-28. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ George Sanikidze and Edward W. Walker (2004), Islam and Islamic Practices in Georgia. Berkeley Program in Soviet and Post-Soviet Studies., p. 12, University of California, Berkeley Institute of Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies.
- ^ "All hail The chieftain", August 25 2007, Independent News
- ^ Pope Gunman: I Want to Convert to Christianity – ABC News, May 13, 2009
- ^ Late pope's would-be killer wants Vatican baptism lawyer Diarkibkan 2020-04-27 di Wayback Machine – Vancouver Sun, May 2009
- ^ Egypt: Christian convert from Islam jailed – Compass Direct News, October 18, 2006
- ^ a b "Pope baptizes one of Italy's most prominent Muslims at Easter vigil service". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-12-05. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ "He saved me – The story of Hussain Andaryas from Afghanistan". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2006-08-29. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Features : Chamillionaire: Here Comes the Reign
- ^ a b Hutchison, Robert A. (1999). Their Kingdom Come: Inside the Secret World of Opus Dei. St. Martin's Press. m/s. 7. ISBN 0312193440. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|coauthors=(bantuan) – Sister Josephine Bakhita telah dipaksa memasuki Islam dan kemudian, kebebasan dikembalikan, telah memilih agama Kristian. - ^ [1]
- ^ Fla. police: No credible threat to runaway convert, AP, NOv. 14, 2009
- ^ Birdsall, Neville. Collected Papers in Greek And Georgian Textual Criticism, pg. 174.[2][pautan mati kekal]; January 8th Saints Diarkibkan 2007-12-12 di Wayback Machine.
- ^ Don Juan of Persia: A Shi'ah Catholic 1560–1604 (book review)
- ^ a b c d Templat:TES
- ^ Michael Khodarkovsky, Russia's Steppe Frontier, Indiana University Press, 2002, ISBN 0-253-21770-9, M1 Google Print, p. 265.
- ^ Troyat, Henri Ivan le Terrible. Flammarion, Paris, 1982
- ^ Ivan Mannheim, Syria & Lebanon handbook, Footprint Travel Guides, 2001, ISBN 1-900949-90-3, Google Print, p. 567.
- ^ Gershom Scholem, 'Shabtai Zvi (1626–1676)', 'Frank, Jacob, and the Frankists', from Encyclopedia Judaica
- ^ "Biography of Walid Shoebat". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-06-01. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ "The Rt Rev Hassan Dehqani-Tafti, Bishop of Iran who survived an assassination attempt and had to continue his ministry in exile". The Daily Telegraph. London. 2008-05-05. Dicapai pada 2008-05-11.
- ^ J.S. Clarke. "History". Linda Haggin Peck. Dicapai pada 2008-09-30.
- ^ "Robert Young Pelton's The World's Most Dangerous Places: 5th Edition", Robert Young Pelton, Collins Reference, 2003, p.270: "Denard has seven wives and has at various times converted to Judaism (in Morocco) and Islam (in the Comoros) and then back to Catholicism."
- ^ Friedman, Lisa. "Ex-Muslim calls on her people to reject hatred", Los Angeles Daily News, 5 June 2005. (reproduced)
- ^ The Written Defense of the Rev. Mehdi Dibaj Delivered to the Sari Court of Justice – Sari, Iran December 3, 1993
- ^ "Diplomats Concerned About Killing of Iranian Pastor". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-12-05. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Islam, the West and the need for honesty
- ^ Against the Tides in the Middle East, International Academic Centre for Muslim Evangelism in South Africa, 1997 (published under the name "Mustafa").
- ^ a b Kabeer Gbaja-Biamila
- ^ Akbar Gbaja-Biamila Keeps the Faith Diarkibkan 2008-09-07 di Wayback Machine – ("In college, Akbar converted to Christianity, while his father remains a Muslim.")
- ^ (Rusia) Alexander Kazembek: Light from the East by Alexei Pylev. 13 April 2003. Retrieved 9 October 2006
- ^ Qadry Ismail's bio on TheGoal.com
- ^ Article on Raghib Ismail: Rocket shows strong path
- ^ Faith in Sports
- ^ "Time Magazine". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2010-04-19. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ a b Encyclopedia Britannica- Carlos Menem
- ^ Flight from Iran
- ^ You quizzed George Weah – BBC.com
- ^ Religion And Power in Liberia – The Perspective, June 17, 2005.
- ^ Egypt The Muhammed Ali dynasty
- ^ "Egypt". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2003-08-24. Dicapai pada 2003-08-24.
- ^ Prabhu, Alan Machado (1999). Sarasvati's Children: A History of the Mangalorean Christians. p. 196
- ^ a b Article about Kusturica's religion on pionirovglasnik.com
- ^ The Indian Mutiny and the British Imagination by Gautam Chakravarty · Cambridge, 242 pp ISBN 0-521-83274-8
- ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/news/archive/archive?ArchiveId=21687
- ^ Okanla, Karim (20 August 2003). "Benin's 'magical' leader". BBC news.
- ^ The Travels of Dean Mahomet Diarkibkan 2008-10-26 di Wayback Machine – University of California press
- ^ [https://web.archive.org/web/20120219191451/http://www.indianmuslims.info/book/export/html/183 Diarkibkan 2012-02-19 di Wayback Machine Deen Mahomed [1759–1851]: soldier, writer, businessman]
- ^ White mischief – The Guardian, December 9, 2002
- ^ Emily Ruete, (1888): Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar
- ^ Emily Ruete, Ulrich Haarmann (Editor), E. Van Donzel (Editor), Leiden, Netherlands, (1992): An Arabian Princess Between Two Worlds: Memoirs, Letters Home, Sequels to the Memoirs, Syrian Customs and Usages. Presents the reader with a picture of life in Zanzibar between 1850–1865, and with an intelligent observer's reactions to life in Germany in the Bismarck period. Emily Ruete's writings describe her attempts to recover her Zanzibar inheritance and her homesickness. ISBN 90-04-09615-9
- ^ Publisher's review for Memoirs of an Arabian Princess from Zanzibar – ("Despite strictures confining Islamic women, she trysted with a German who is thought to have impregnated her, fled to Germany where she converted to Christianity")
- ^ "News of Kusturica's baptism on passagen.se". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-09-27. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Amazon.com: Inside Islam: A Guide for Catholics: Books: Daniel Ali,Robert Spencer
- ^ Washington Times – Islam for Catholics
- ^ Fernão Lopes – the first Robinson Diarkibkan 2009-11-21 di Wayback Machine – The St Helena Foundation
- ^ Massie, Robert K. (1981). Peter the Great. Soviet Union: Ballantine Books. m/s. 469. ISBN 0345298063. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ Damien Simonis, Sarah Andrews, Spain, Lonely Planet, 2005, ISBN 1-74059-700-1, Google Print, pp. 743.
- ^ St. Casilda – Americancatholic.org
- ^ St. Alodia – Catholic.org
- ^ Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain
- ^ Biography of Johannes Aveteranian
- ^ Jarrett-Kerr, Martin (1972). Patterns of Christian Acceptance. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. m/s. 196. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ Hamid Pourmand: Imprisonment due to religious belief
- ^ Donald Fareed's testimony on the Persian ministries website
- ^ Prison Radicalization: Are Terrorist Cells Forming in U.S. Cell Blocks? Government testimony (PDF)
- ^ Daveed Gartenstein-Ross biography on his website
- ^ "CBC Radio – The Current – Whole Show Blow-by-Blow". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-10-13. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Malika Oufkir: the American Making of a Moroccan Star
- ^ Ruffa Gutierrez reaffirms her Christian faith
- ^ Majumdar, Margaret (2002). Francophone Studies: The Essential Glossary. United States of America: Oxford University Press. m/s. 4. ISBN 0340806966. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ Heirs of the Prophets: An account of the clergy and Priests of Islam, Samuel Marinus Zwemer, Moody press, 1946, p. 127 – "There are some examples which could easily be multiplied. Dr. Imad-ud-Din was a leading sufi and theologian in the Punjaub. He was appointed to preach against Dr. Pfander in the royal mosque at Agra; he read the Scriptures, believed and was baptised, and with another great theologian and sufi, Safdar Ali, became a missionary to his people. Afterwards he received a doctorate from Oxford University. His baptism took place New Year's Day, 1868, together with his aged father and brother. Other distinguished converts in the Punjab, such as Imam Shah, were also from the clergy."
- ^ Cryer, Neville Barker (1979). Bibles Across the World. United States of America: Mowbrays. m/s. 94. ISBN 0264664175. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ TURKEY: CONVERTS SUBJECTED TO OFFICIAL HARASSMENT
- ^ Threats force Egyptian convert to hide, MAGGIE MICHAEL, Associated Press Writer Sat Aug 11, [3]
- ^ Dina and Maher El-Gohary, Persecuted Coptic Christians Ask Obama for Help [4]
- ^ Nagla al-Imam, Egyptian convert to Christianity, sings about religious persecution, [5]
- ^ "Beale, Lewis. "Precious Freedom. USA Weekend Magazine. November 9, 2003". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2020-05-21. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ In Tibet and Chinese Turkestan: Being the Record of Three Years' Exploration, Henry Hugh Peter Deasy, pg. 284
- ^ Gulshan Esther, Alistair Mark Dean, Thelma Sangster, The Torn Veil: The Best-selling Story of Gulshan Esther, Zondervan (1992), pg.46, ISBN 0-551-01153-X
- ^ Marriages of the Holy Prophet
- ^ "The Human Side In The Hajjah Of The Messenger of Allah". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-07-15. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Constantine the African
- ^ Constantine the African, or Constantinus Africanus (medieval medical scholar)
- ^ Estevanico (aka Estevan, Esteban, Estebanico, Black Stephen, Stephen the Moor)
- ^ Michael Walsh, A New Dictionary of Saints: East and West, Liturgical Press, 2007, ISBN 0-8146-3186-X, Google Print, p. 3.
- ^ "Jailed '93 WTC bomber claims he's now a Christian". New York Daily News. October 12, 2007. Unknown parameter
|authro=ignored (bantuan) - ^ "My Trip to SuperMax". CBS News. October 14, 2007. Dicapai pada 2009-05-31. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ Holweck, F. G. (1924). A Biographical Dictionary of the Saints. St. Louis: B. Herder Book Co. m/s. 84. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ "Is the 'prosperity gospel' prospering?". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-01-12. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Petre, Jonathan (2005-10-08). "'Wealth' church leader practised what he preached". Telegraph. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-03-11. Dicapai pada 2007-08-04.
the charismatic Mr Ashimolowo, a Nigerian-born convert from Islam
Cite has empty unknown parameters:|month=dan|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ Rudnytsky, Peter L.(1987). Essays in modern Ukrainian history. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies. p. 186
- ^ Istoria şi tradiţiile minorităţii rromani, p.28, 2005, Sigma, Bucharest, Delia Grigore, Petre Petcuţ and Mariana Sandu – "Born to a Rom Muslim slave father and a free Romanian Christian mother, Razvan converted to Christianity, thereby, attracting the wrath of the Ottomans."
- ^ a b Vickers, Adrian (2005). A History of Modern Indonesia. Cambridge University Press. p. 86
- ^ "Benin's new president announced". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2011-11-16. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ "A History of Orthodox Missions Among the Muslims". Yurij Maximov, Russian author and religious studies teacher in the Religious Studies at the Moscow Orthodox Seminary. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-12-06. Dicapai pada 2007-08-17.
- ^ Joseph Patrich, The Sabaite Heritage in the Orthodox Church, Peeters Publishers, 2001, ISBN 90-429-0976-5, Google Print, p. 157.
- ^ L. P. Harvey, Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614, University of Chicago Press, 2005, ISBN 0-226-31963-6, M1 Google Print, pp. 223 Various Christian sources including the Christian historian, Marmol claim that with his dying breath Aben Humeya declared himself a Christian and said that what he had done was in the prosecution of a family feud.
- ^ Schwaner, Birgit (2007-06-01). "Der Abenteurer aus Ober St. Veit" (dalam bahasa German). Weiner Zeitung. Dicapai pada 2008-01-19.
He was absolved by the Pope for his conversion, which he reversed
Cite has empty unknown parameters:|month=dan|coauthors=(bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Hussein Fardust, The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty:, Motilal Banarsidass, 1999, ISBN 81-208-1642-0, Google Print, pp. 122–123.
- ^ Saye Zerbo, président of the republic from 1980 to 1982 (article in French) "At once stopped, Saye Zerbo is thrown in prison. Since his imprisonment, the deposed president contemplates and reads the Qu'ran through whole nights. He also asks so that the Bible be brought to him that the archbishop of Ouagadougou, the cardinal Paul Zoungrana, had offered to him at the time of first Christmas following his takeover. At this point in time it will have the revelation which will change its life. In a mystical dash, Saye Zerbo is brought to his knees, returns thanks to God and converts to Christianity. His entire family will do the same thing thereafter."
- ^ Canal Sánchez-Pagín; Montaner Frutos; Palencia; Salazar y Acha
- ^ "salinan arkib". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-02-17. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Mondial : ces joueurs de foot ont la foi !, Benoît Fidelin, Pèlerin N° 6654, 10 June 2010
- ^ FAITH UNDER FIRE - Descendant of Muhammad converts to Christianity - But faces threat to life if forced to return to Turkey
- ^ Norge IDAG - Norwegian language newspaper - Friday May 7, 2010
- ^ Brad Biggs (May 20, 2005 Friday). "Muhammad all about giving as well as receiving". Chicago Sun-Times: p. 148.
- ^ http://www.shvoong.com/books/389356-search
- ^ Iranian Muslim converts to Judaism
- ^ Avni, Idan (2006-09-14). "A righteous man from Hizbullah land". YNetNews. Dicapai pada 2006-12-17.
- ^ a b Balyuzi, H.M. (1985). Eminent Bahá'ís in the time of Bahá'u'lláh. The Camelot Press Ltd, Southampton. m/s. 270–271. ISBN 0853981523.
- ^ Momen, Moojan (2002-03-04). "Abu'l-Fadl Gulpaygani, Mirza". Dicapai pada 2007-02-19.
- ^ 'Abdu'l-Bahá (1997) [1915]. Memorials of the Faithful (ed. Softcover). Wilmette, Illinois, USA: Bahá'í Publishing Trust. ISBN 0877432422.
- ^ a b c d e f Balyuzi, H.M. (1985). Eminent Bahá'ís in the time of Bahá'u'lláh. The Camelot Press Ltd, Southampton. m/s. 268–270. ISBN 0853981523. Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah, nama "Balyuzi" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza - ^ a b Interview with Rushdie by Gigi Marzullo; Sottovoce, RAIUNO, March 31, 2006.
- ^ http://abdullahsameer.com/blog/about/
- ^ Craig Whitlock (November 11, 2005). "For Public Figures in Netherlands, Terror Becomes a Personal Concern". The Washington Post.
- ^ R.A.Berman, Freedom or Terror: Europe Faces Jihad (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press 2010.
- ^ "Raising Questions Within Islam After France Shooting". The New York Times. 9 January 2015.
- ^ "I was born in a very much conservative Muslim family wherein my parents, kith and kin are very strict followers of Islam., but later I became an atheist." Owner of Society Of Asian Freethinkers Diarkibkan 2013-01-21 di Wayback Machine, Sharif Ahmed, Listed activist of Amnesty International's megazine.
- ^ Freethought Traditions in the Islamic World Diarkibkan Februari 14, 2012, di Wayback Machine by Fred Whitehead.
- ^ Kate Hodal (3 May 2012). "Indonesia's atheists face battle for religious freedom". The Guardian. Dicapai pada 13 April 2018.
- ^ Abdul-Jubbar, Kareem. "Kareem Abdul-Jabbar on Two Books About Muslim Identity". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 19 April 2018.
- ^ "Comoros & Mayotte". Statraveluk.lonelyplanet.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada August 19, 2006. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ The Rushdie Affair: The Novel, the Ayatollah, and the West by Daniel Pipes, p. 283.
- ^ Interview with Arifur Rahman on Being an Atheist in Bangladesh
- ^ The Angry Arab News Service comments from her blog
- ^ Between disparate worlds: On California State University professor As'ad AbuKhalil Diarkibkan 2008-03-21 di Wayback Machine (1: "...who is also an atheist..." 2: "My Sunni family of my mother taught me how to pray").
- ^ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "'I have to help the people of Bangladesh' | Globalization | DW | 22.04.2014". DW.COM. Dicapai pada 2017-06-01. Italic or bold markup not allowed in:
|website=(bantuan) - ^ a b Alison Bevege (27 July 2017). "Richard Dawkins Celebrated by Activists and Ex-Muslims at London Conference for Free Expression". Quillette. Dicapai pada 13 April 2018.
- ^ "Dutch article link: 'Ik geloof niet meer'". Elsevier.nl. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012.[pautan mati kekal]
- ^ "جراتِ تحقیق - ہمتِ کفر ملے جراتِ تحقیق ملے". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2015-08-29. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ "Atheist & Agnostic Alliance Pakistan".
- ^ "Blasphemy crackdown: FIA arrests 2 suspects from Karachi".
- ^ "42 Christians told 'to convert to Islam or face death penalty'". 31 March 2017.
- ^ Pace, Eric (July 7, 1995). "Aziz Nesin of Turkey Dies at 80; Writer Escaped Militants' Arson". The New York Times. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012.
- ^ Obama, Barack (October 16, 2006). "My Spiritual Journey". Time. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-05-02. Dicapai pada September 26, 2008.
My father was almost entirely absent from my childhood, having been divorced from my mother when I was 2 years old; in any event, although my father had been raised a Muslim, by the time he met my mother he was a confirmed atheist, thinking religion to be so much superstition.
- ^ "SIS spying on mosques revealed". The Sunday Star-Times. Dicapai pada April 14, 2011.
- ^ "Ex-militant's home searched in Auckland". The Dominion Post. Dicapai pada April 14, 2011.
- ^ https://freethoughtblogs.com/arun/2016/09/17/ex-muslim-atheist-leader-faces-death-threat-in-india/
- ^ Kamm, Henry (1993, June 10). 'Hallelujah' is heard in the arch-atheist's temple. The New York Times (Late Edition (East Coast)), p. A4. Retrieved August 27, 2007, from National Newspaper Abstracts
- ^ Gazeta Shqip (11 September 2014). "Myslimanët shqiptarë, "në anën e gabuar të historisë"".
- ^ Borenstein, David (October 2, 2015). "Crowdsourcing for Human Rights". The New York Times.
- ^ "10 Self-Proclaimed Celebrity Atheists | Entertainment | iDiva.com | Page 4". iDiva.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 29 Oktober 2013. Dicapai pada 16 Disember 2013. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ "Celebs who are atheist". The Times of India. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 4 Oktober 2016. Dicapai pada 16 September 2016. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ Humanistische Omroep, Link to video interview with Hafid Bouazza Quote: (Translation) "Believers live behind a fence, and non-believers live in a pasture and they know there are believers out there behind the fence." "It [religion] is a matter of conditioning, of brainwashing." "I know that when I die, it's over with me." (Dutch) "Gelovigen leven achter een hek, en ongelovigen in een weiland, waarin ze weten dat er gelovigen zijn die achter hekken wonen." "Het [religie] is een kwestie van conditionering, van hersenspoeling" "Ik weet dat het moment dat ik ter aarde word besteld, dat het afgelopen is met mij."
- ^ Verdonschot, Leon (May 8, 2008). ""Ik kan niet leven zonder roes." Interview met Hafid Baouzza, gepubliceerd in Dif nr.1" (dalam bahasa Dutch). Leonverdonschot.nl. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2018-06-30. Dicapai pada May 9, 2008. Unknown parameter
|dead-url=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Quote: (Translation) "Look, I'm an atheist. I do not believe that God exists, I do not believe there is an afterlife. How terrible it may be: Hitler isn't in hell getting pinched in his ass with a trident. I'm fine with the fact there are people who do believe that and get comfort from it, like my mother. I just hope the influence of religion on policy makers will diminish, because my freedom is precious to me." (Dutch) "Kijk, ik ben atheïst. Ik geloof niet dat God bestaat, ik geloof niet dat er een hiernamaals is. Hoe gruwelijk ook: Hitler wordt op dit moment niet in de hel met een drietand in zijn reet geprikt. Dat er mensen zijn die dat wél geloven en daar troost uit putten, mensen als mijn moeder: prima. Als de invloed van religies op beleidsmakers maar steeds kleiner wordt, want mijn vrijheid is me dierbaar." - ^ https://mavenroundtable.io/harrissultan/
- ^ Kranenberg, Annieke (August 11, 2007). "Als dit niet werkt, beledig ik Wilders wel". De Volkskrant (dalam bahasa Dutch). Dicapai pada May 9, 2008.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Quote: (Translation) "In interviews he calls himself an atheist, but until now he has been left alone by beardmonkeys (referring to Muslims). Perhaps I have to make myself heard just a little bit better, I should be more explicit in my aversion to Islam and religion in general." (Dutch) "In interviews noemt hij zichzelf atheïst, maar tot nog toe 'ben ik ongemoeid gelaten door de baardapen. Misschien moet ik een hardere toon aanslaan en wat explicieter zijn in mijn afkeer van de islam en religies in het algemeen.'"
- ^ "Dr. Humayun Azad laid to rest". Mukto-mona.com. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012.
- ^ Bangladesh: Protecting the Human Rights of Thought, Conscience, and Religion: U.A.B. Razia Akter Banu Prepared Testimony Diarkibkan Disember 24, 2007, di Wayback Machine – ("Dr. Azad is a Muslim by birth and by name ... He is an atheist.")
- ^ http://ingulab.blogspot.com/
- ^ Padma, V. (September 2000). "Re-presenting protest and resistance on stage: Avvai". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 7 (2): 217–230. doi:10.1177/097152150000700205.
- ^ https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/life-style/spotlight/Great-values-come-from-secular-thought-Irfan-Habib/articleshow/6014623.cms
- ^ a b Re-drawing the line Diarkibkan Oktober 23, 2012, di Wayback Machine – Al Ahram Weekly, August 9, 2000.
- ^ Muslim Identity and the Balkan State,Hugh Poulton, Suha Taji-Farouki, 1997, ISBN 1-85065-276-7, google print p. 133.
- ^ Thomas L. Friedman (6 December 2014). "How ISIS Drives Muslims From Islam". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 21 August 2018.
- ^ "Eye on England". The Telegraph. Kolkota. 15 July 2012. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-12-16. Dicapai pada 16 December 2013.
- ^ "Case in pointArab, not muslim". Freearabs.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-04-05. Dicapai pada 2013-03-13. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ Kareem Amer. (2006). "تنويه هام جدا بخصوص موقع الأقباط متحدون ومقالى الأخير" (A Very Important Notice Regarding the Copts United Web Site and My Last Article) كريم عامر (Kareeem Amer’s Arabic blog). Retrieved January 28, 2007.
- ^ Abdelkareem Nabil Soliman (Kareem Amer), Political prisoner Diarkibkan 2012-03-20 di Wayback Machine Submitted on Mon, 2007-01-29.
- ^ Wolinsky, David. "Kumail Nanjiani | The A.V. Club Chicago". Avclub.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada February 5, 2012. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ interview with Lounès Matoub Diarkibkan September 29, 2007, di Wayback Machine
- ^ "It's time to take a stand against Islam and Sharia". The Times. January 27, 2012. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012.
- ^ "Ахундов Мирза-Фатали". Mirslovarei.com. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012.
- ^ Reşat Kasaba, "Atatürk", The Cambridge history of Turkey: Volume 4: Turkey in the Modern World, Cambridge University Press, 2008; ISBN 978-0-521-62096-3 [ p. 163]; accessed 27 March 2015.
- ^ [ Political Islam in Turkey by Gareth Jenkins, Palgrave Macmillan, 2008, p. 84]; ISBN 0230612458
- ^ [ Atheism, Brief Insights Series by Julian Baggini, Sterling Publishing Company, Inc., 2009; ISBN 1402768826, p. 106.]
- ^ [ Islamism: A Documentary and Reference Guide, John Calvert John, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2008; ISBN 0313338566, p. 19.]
- ^ ...Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder of the secular Turkish Republic. He said: "I have no religion, and at times I wish all religions at the bottom of the sea..." [ The Antipodean Philosopher: Interviews on Philosophy in Australia and New Zealand, Graham Oppy, Lexington Books, 2011, ISBN 0739167936, p. 146.]
- ^ Phil Zuckerman, John R. Shook, The Oxford Handbook of Secularism, Oxford University Press, 2017, ISBN 0199988455, p. 167.
- ^ Tariq Ramadan, Islam and the Arab Awakening, Oxford University Press, 2012, ISBN 0199933731, p. 76.
- ^ "Atatürk İslam için ne düşünüyordu? - Türkiye Haberleri - Radikal". July 22, 2017. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2017-07-22.
- ^ On 1 November 1937, his speech in parliament he said:
It is known by the world that, in our state administration, our main program is the Republican People's Party program. The principles it covers are the main lines that illuminate us in management and politics. But these principles should never be held equal to the dogmas of books that are assumed to have descended from the sky. We have received our inspirations directly from life, not from sky or unseen. (Atatürk'ün Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi'nin V. Dönem 3. Yasama Yılını Açış Konuşmaları, in Turkish)
- ^
Even before accepting the religion of the Arabs, the Turks were a great nation. After accepting the religion of the Arabs, this religion, didn't effect to combine the Arabs, the Persians and Egyptians with the Turks to constitute a nation. (This religion) rather, loosened the national nexus of Turkish nation, got national excitement numb. This was very natural. Because the purpose of the religion founded by Muhammad, over all nations, was to drag to an including Arab national politics. (Afet İnan, Medenî Bilgiler ve M. Kemal Atatürk'ün El Yazıları, Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1998, p. 364.)
- ^ "No God, not even Allah". The Economist. 24 November 2012. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 26 Disember 2017. Dicapai pada 23 Mac 2018. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ Darabi, Parvin Rage Against the Veil: The Courageous Life and Death of an Islamic Dissident ISBN 1-57392-682-5.
- ^ "Pelin Batu "Kısa Devre" yaptı!". Haber Türk (dalam bahasa Turkish). November 2, 2008. Dicapai pada 10 July 2012.CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ Pelin Batu - "Bayrak taşır gibi din taşımıyorum, ateistim" (in Turkish)
- ^ Catherine Porter (14 January 2019). "Saudi Teenager Who Fled Family Embraces All Things Canadian. (O.K., Maybe Not Winter.)". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 22 January 2019.
- ^ Europe since 1945: An encyclopedia, Bernard A Cook, Taylor & Francis, 2001, ISBN 0-8153-4057-5, p. 31.
- ^ Astrid Prange (20 December 2018). "Germany's atheist refugees: When not believing is life-threatening". Deutsche Welle. Dicapai pada 27 February 2019.
- ^ https://pamelageller.com/2017/12/turkey-america-freedom.html/
- ^ Lode Delputte (9 March 2017). "De 21ste eeuw moet weer leren lachen". De Morgen (dalam bahasa Belanda). Dicapai pada 6 October 2017.
- ^ https://thehumanist.com/magazine/september-october-2016/features/islams-ex-factor-interview-sarah-haider-muhammad-syed
- ^ "Sarmad, the mystic poet". Crda-france.org. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada March 20, 2012. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ "Hazrat Sarmad Shaheed: The Naked Sufi Martyr". Chowk.com. July 23, 2005. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada April 13, 2010. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ Claus Christian Malzahn & Anna Reimann (6 March 2007). "Ich bin mir sicher, dass ich irgendwann aus Deutschland wegziehe". Der Spiegel (dalam bahasa Jerman). Dicapai pada 15 April 2018.
- ^ "Eklat um Sibel Kekilli in Berlin", Der Tagesspiegel (dalam bahasa German), 4 December 2006CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
- ^ "I was born in a Muslim family, but I became an atheist." For freedom of expression, Taslima Nasreen, November 12, 1999 – Taslima Nasreen took the floor during Commission V of UNESCO's General Conference, as a delegate of the NGO International Humanist and Ethical Union (Accessed December 23, 2006).
- ^ http://www.councilofexmuslims.com/inex.phphttps://mobile.twitter.com/sultantipuz[pautan mati kekal],
- ^ "Turan Dursun Website". Turandursun.com. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-02-10. Dicapai pada February 16, 2012. Unknown parameter
|dead-url=ignored (bantuan) - ^ "I am an atheist". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2019-04-04. Dicapai pada June 12, 2016.
- ^ John Carlin (August 5, 2005). "Zackie's story: The man who took on Mbeki – and won". The Independent. London. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada October 1, 2007. Dicapai pada August 27, 2007.
A homosexual, an atheist, and a militant anti-apartheid campaigner whose political ideas were forged on an intense reading of Marx, Lenin, and Trotsky...
Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (bantuan) - ^ Caroline Overington (14 January 2019). "Women pay heavy price for ditching Islam". The Australian. News Corp Australia. Dicapai pada 12 March 2019.
- ^ Anne Penketh, Matthew Weaver, Charlie Hebdo: first cover since terror attack depicts prophet Muhammad, The Guardian, 13 January 2015
- ^ "10 Self-Proclaimed Celebrity Atheists | Entertainment | iDiva.com | Page 4". iDiva.com. Dicapai pada 16 December 2013.
- ^ "Celebs who are atheist". Times of India. Dicapai pada 16 September 2016.
- ^ Pakistan: Appeasing the Mullahs
- ^ "The Communalisation of Kargil". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-12-06. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Six Degrees of Barack Obama
- ^ Time Magazine Diarkibkan 2013-06-25 di Wayback Machine- Interview with Wafa Sultan
- ^ There is No Clash of Civilizations but a Clash between the Mentality of the Middle Ages and That of the 21st century Feb. 2006
- ^ "Warraq, 60, describes himself now as an agnostic..." Dissident voices, World Magazine, June 16, 2007, Vol. 22, No. 22.
- ^ "Founder of ex-Muslim group threatened". United Press International. February 23, 2007. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-07-09. Cite has empty unknown parameter:
|coauthors=(bantuan) - ^ Younus Shaikh Diarkibkan 2007-04-30 di Wayback Machine- short biography
- ^ On Ibn al-Rawandi, from the Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1971, Volume 3, E J Brill, Leiden, p 905
- ^ Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamaEhsan - ^ Flinck, Johan; Ros, Tomas (2002-11-02) "Sagan om Shaaban – prinsen av Egypten." (in Swedish). Aftonbladet. Retrieved on 2009-05-17.
- ^ http://www.fokus.se/2008/02/rami-shaaban-sokare-och-landslagsmalvakt/
- ^ http://www.itslivechicago-mamadou-niang-indisponible-huit-jours-marseille
- ^ "amin". The Independent. 24 October 2006. [pautan mati]
- ^ http://www.bljesak.info/content/view/13123/155/
- ^ http://www.haydi.net/guzeller_galerisi/AzraAkin.asp
- ^ Arjan Visser (22 June 2007). "Ehsan Jami / Ik wil geen evolutie, ik wil een revolutie". Trouw (dalam bahasa Belanda). Dicapai pada 13 April 2018.
- ^ V. Minorsky. Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan (Mongolica, 4), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 58-81 (1957), p. 66. JSTOR
- ^ Cricinfo Profile Retrieved 20-12-2006.
- ^ "Syariah Court Decides Nyonya Tahir Not A Muslim". Bernama. 2006-01-23. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2007-09-29. Dicapai pada 2007-05-02.
- ^ Peony Dreams Retrieved 12-6-2008.
- ^ http://www.sueddeutsche.de/sport/24/382825/text/
- ^ http://www.post-gazette.com/magazine/20010713hiphop0713fnp3.asp Pittsburgh
- ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=B3KjXm2cslAC&oi=fnd&pg=PP12&dq=rapper+RZA+buddhism&ots=keUGp8gK0Z&sig=-075oWraYb1HuOfNybgiittc-14#v=onepage&q&f=false Shaolin, RZA and the soul
- ^ http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=LldOLnIQ66cC&oi=fnd&pg=PA365&dq=rapper+RZA+buddhism&ots=MIdtE_dD3r&sig=tNLeJb4XVj6fz92tcII6kAAxOI8#v=onepage&q&f=false RZA discusses his spiritual influences
- ^ a b Watching 'Gandhi my Father' was painful: Tushar
- ^ Dasgupta, Priyanka (September 1, 2006). "Ali Akbar's son claims to be Hindu". The Times Of India.
- ^ Unveiling the mystique of a reclusive artiste The Hindu - June 28, 2006
- ^ Daddy in jail, Mummy seeks votes for both – Indian express
- ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukka_I
- ^ a b Chopra, P.N. T.K. Ravindran and N. Subrahmaniam.History of South India. S. Chand, 2003. ISBN 81-219-0153-7
- ^ Chand Mohammed is Chander Mohan again – Tribune News Service, July 28, 2009
- ^ Chand Mohammed converts back to Hinduism – July 28, 2009, The times of India
- ^ Haridasa Thakura
- ^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000407/nation.htm#13
- ^ "Five bombers were prepared to die in Bali - The Sunday Telegraph - Australia - Newstext". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-05-25. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ Five bombers were prepared to die The Australian - May 25, 2003
- ^ Southern siren Namitha has a temple Diarkibkan 2008-08-01 di Wayback Machine NDTV - July 10, 2008
- ^ "salinan arkib". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2000-09-30. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ http://hero-for-modern-india.blogspot.com/
- ^ http://www.indiatime.com/category/religion/. Missing or empty
|title=(bantuan) - ^ [6]
- ^ Zubeidaa’s secret Times of India - July 11, 2003
- ^ Kuldip Manak: The Official Artist Page at desihits.com
- ^ a b Dīn-i Ilāhī
- ^ "Messiah Foundation International Site about Shahi". Messiah Foundation International. Dicapai pada March 13, 2010.
- ^ "Website from Pakistan Sector". goharshahi.pk. Dicapai pada March 12, 2010.
- ^ "The Telegraph". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2020-04-27. Dicapai pada 2021-08-11.
- ^ Shoghi Effendi, introduction to The Dawn-breakers, p. xxx.
- ^ U of Massachusetts
- ^ "Rare Literary Gems: The Works of Kabir and Premchand at CRL". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2006-09-25. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ The songs of Kabir
- ^ A short biography of Musaylimah Diarkibkan 2000-12-10 di Wayback Machine "He was one of those persons, who came to Madina in the tenth year of migration and embraced Islam. However, after his return to his birthplace he himself claimed to be a prophet and some simple-minded and also some fanatical persons responded to his call".
- ^ "Cult Fighting in Middle Georgia". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-03-21. Dicapai pada 2011-03-02.
- ^ a b Wesley Snipes, Hollywood's hottest new star talks about: his divorce, his days on the streets and why he doesn't have 'jungle fever. Ebony Magazine. Sept, 1991 by Laura B. Randolph
- ^ Duran, KhalidChildren of Abraham : An Introduction to Islam for Jews Ktav Publishing House ISBN 0-88125-724-9
- ^ Loonyology: In My Own Words (Hardcover) – Amazon.com
- ^ David Hicks: 'Australian Taleban'
- ^ Hicks drops Islamic faith
- ^ The ultimate biking journal
- ^ http://twitter.com/greg_vaughan/status/7966872380
- ^ http://www.thecityreview.com/ashmoma.html
- ^ me, Robert A. (1999). "TFour Four Two: Foresee Dreams". St. Martin: 7. ISBN 0312197740 Check
|isbn=value: checksum (bantuan). Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(bantuan); Cite journal requires|journal=(bantuan) - ^ Sufi Review (Pir Publications, Spring 1997), p.5-8
