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Senarai Presiden Amerika Syarikat

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Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.

Presiden Amerika Syarikat ialah ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan Amerika Syarikat. Presiden mengetuai cawangan eksekutif kerajaan persekutuan dan merupakan ketua komander Angkatan Tentera Amerika Syarikat. Presiden dilantik untuk penggal selama empat tahun oleh rakyat melalui Badan Perwakilan Pemilih (atau oleh Dewan Perwakilan jika Badan Perwakilan Pemilih gagal untuk memberi undi majoriti mutlak kepada mana-mana calon).

Sejak penubuhan jawatan ini pada tahun 1789, 45 orang telah berkhidmat sebagai presiden. Presiden pertama, George Washington, memenangi undian sebulat suara Badan Perwakilan Pemilih. Grover Cleveland berkhidmat untuk dua penggal berasingan dan dikira sebagai presiden ke–22 dan ke–24. William Henry Harrison mempunyai tempoh paling singkat sebagai presiden selepas beliau meninggal dunia 31 hari selepas menjawat jawatan ini pada tahun 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt berkhidmat paling lama, lebih daripada dua belas tahun sebelum meninggal dunia semasa awal penggal keempat beliau pada tahun 1945. Beliau merupakan satu-satunya presiden untuk berkhidmat lebih daripada dua penggal. Sejak pengesahan Pindaan ke-22 kepada Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1951, tiada orang yang boleh dilantik menjadi presiden lebih daripada dua kali dan tiada orang yang telah berkhidmat lebih daripada dua tahun semasa penggal orang lain boleh dilantik lebih daripada sekali.[1]

Daripada individu-individu yang dilantik sebagai presiden, empat meninggal dunia semasa menjawat jawatan atas sebab-sebab semula jadi (William Henry Harrison,[2] Zachary Taylor,[3] Warren G. Harding,[4] dan Franklin D. Roosevelt), empat dibunuh (Abraham Lincoln,[5] James A. Garfield,[5][6] William McKinley,[7] dan John F. Kennedy) dan seorang meletak jawatan (Richard Nixon).[8]

Senarai Presiden

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      Tiada Parti       Persekutuan       Demokrat-Republikan       Demokrat       Whig       Republikan       Kesatuan Kebangsaan

Tempoh Presiden Jawatan terdahulu Parti Pilihan raya Naib Presiden
1 30 April 1789
–
4 Mac 1797
George Washington
1732–1799

[9][10][11] 		Ketua Komander
Angkatan Tentera Benua
(1775–1783) 		  Tiada Parti
[12] 		1
(1788–89) 		John Adams
2
(1792)
2 4 Mac 1797
–
4 Mac 1801 		John Adams
1735–1826
[13][14][15] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
Pertama 		  Persekutuan 3
(1796) 		Thomas Jefferson
3 4 Mac 1801
–
4 Mac 1809 		Thomas Jefferson
1743–1826
[16][17][18] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–2 		  Demokrat-
Republikan 		4
(1800) 		Aaron Burr
4 Mac 1801 – 4 Mac 1805
5
(1804) 		George Clinton
4 Mac 1805 – 4 Mac 1809
4 4 Mac 1809
–
4 Mac 1817 		James Madison
1751–1836
[19][20][21] 		Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat
ke–5
(1801–1809) 		  Demokrat-
Republikan 		6
(1808) 		George Clinton
4 Mac 1809 – 20 April 1812
Jawatan dikosongkan
(Baki penggal Clinton)
7
(1812) 		Elbridge Gerry
4 Mac 1813 – 23 November 1814
Jawatan dikosongkan
(Baki penggal Gerry)
5 4 Mac 1817
–
4 Mac 1825 		James Monroe
1758–1831
[22][23][24] 		Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat
ke–7
(1811–1817) 		  Demokrat-
Republikan 		8
(1816) 		Daniel D. Tompkins
9
(1820)
6 4 Mac 1825
–
4 Mac 1829
 John Quincy Adams
1767–1848
[25][26][27] 		Setiausaha Negara Amerika Syarikat
ke–8
(1817–1825) 		  Demokrat-
Republikan 		10
(1824) 		John C. Calhoun
7 4 Mac 1829
–
4 Mac 1837 		Andrew Jackson
1767–1845
[28][29][30] 		Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Tennessee
(1823–1825) 		Demokrat 11
(1828) 		John C. Calhoun
4 Mac 1829 – 8 Disember 1832
Jawatan dikosongkan
(Baki penggal Calhoun)
12
(1832) 		Martin Van Buren
4 Mac 1833 – 4 Mac 1837
8 4 Mac 1837
–
4 Mac 1841 		Martin Van Buren
1782–1862
[31][32][33] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–8 		Demokrat 13
(1836) 		Richard Mentor Johnson
9 4 Mac 1841
–
4 April 1841
 William Henry Harrison
1773–1841
[34][35][36] 		Menteri Amerika Syarikat ke Colombia
(1828–1829) 		  Whig 14
(1840) 		John Tyler
10 4 April 1841
–
4 Mac 1845 		John Tyler
1790–1862
[37][38][39] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–10 		  Whig
4 April 1841 – 13 September 1841 		Jawatan dikosongkan
Tiada
13 September 1841 – 4 Mac 1845
11 4 Mac 1845
–
4 Mac 1849 		James K. Polk
1795–1849
[40][41][42] 		Gabenor Tennessee
ke–9
(1839–1841) 		Demokrat 15
(1844) 		George M. Dallas
12 4 Mac 1849
–
9 Julai 1850 		Zachary Taylor
1784–1850
[43][44][45] 		Jeneral Utama Infantri Rejiman Pertama
Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat
(1846–1849) 		  Whig 16
(1848) 		Millard Fillmore
13 9 Julai 1850
–
4 Mac 1853 		Millard Fillmore
1800–1874
[46][47][48] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–12 		  Whig Jawatan dikosongkan
14 4 Mac 1853
–
4 Mac 1857 		Franklin Pierce
1804–1869
[49][50][51] 		Brigadier Jeneral Infantri ke–9
Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat
(1847–1848) 		Demokrat 17
(1852) 		William R. King
4 Mac 1853 – 18 April 1853
Jawatan dikosongkan
(Baki penggal King)
15 4 Mac 1857
–
4 Mac 1861 		James Buchanan
1791–1868
[52][53][54] 		Menteri Amerika Syarikat ke
Mahkamah St James
(1853–1856) 		Demokrat 18
(1856) 		John C. Breckinridge
16 4 Mac 1861
–
15 April 1865 		Abraham Lincoln
1809–1865
[55][56][57] 		Perwakilan Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah ke–7 Illinois
(1847–1849) 		Republikan
(Kesatuan Kebangsaan) 		19
(1860) 		Hannibal Hamlin
4 Mac 1861 – 4 Mac 1865
  20
(1864) 		Andrew Johnson
4 Mac 1865 – 15 April 1865
17 15 April 1865
–
4 Mac 1869 		Andrew Johnson
1808–1875
[58][59][60] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–16 		  Kesatuan Kebangsaan
(Demokrat) 		Jawatan dikosongkan
18 4 Mac 1869
–
4 Mac 1877 		Ulysses S. Grant
1822–1885
[61][62][63] 		Jeneral Pemerintah Tentera Darat Amerika Syarikat
(1864–1869) 		Republikan 21
(1868) 		Schuyler Colfax
4 Mac 1869 – 4 Mac 1873
22
(1872) 		Henry Wilson
4 Mac 1873 – 22 November 1875
Jawatan dikosongkan
(Baki penggal Wilson)
19 4 Mac 1877
–
4 Mac 1881 		Rutherford B. Hayes
1822–1893
[64][65][66] 		Gabenor Ohio
ke–29 & ke–32
(1868–1872 & 1876–1877) 		Republikan 23
(1876) 		William A. Wheeler
20 4 Mac 1881
–
19 September 1881 		James A. Garfield
1831–1881
[67][68][69] 		Perwakilan Amerika Syarikat untuk Daerah ke–19 Ohio
(1863–1881) 		Republikan 24
(1880) 		Chester A. Arthur
21 19 September 1881
–
4 Mac 1885 		Chester A. Arthur
1829–1886
[70][71][72] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–20 		Republikan Jawatan dikosongkan
22 4 Mac 1885
–
4 Mac 1889 		Grover Cleveland
1837–1908
[73][74] 		Gabenor New York
ke–28
(1883–1885) 		Demokrat 25
(1884) 		Thomas A. Hendricks
4 Mac 1885 – 25 November 1885
Jawatan dikosongkan
(Baki penggal Hendricks)
23 4 Mac 1889
–
4 Mac 1893 		Benjamin Harrison
1833–1901
[75][76][77] 		Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Indiana
(1881–1887) 		Republikan 26
([1888) 		Levi P. Morton
24 4 Mac 1893
–
4 Mac 1897 		Grover Cleveland
1837–1908
[73][74] 		Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–22
(1885–1889) 		Demokrat 27
(1892) 		Adlai Stevenson
25 4 Mac 1897
–
14 September 1901 		William McKinley
1843–1901
[78][79][80] 		Gabenor Ohio
ke–39
(1892–1896) 		Republikan 28
(1896) 		Garret Hobart
4 Mac 1897 – 21 November 1899
Jawatan dikosongkan
(Baki penggal Hobart)
29
(1900) 		Theodore Roosevelt
4 Mac 1901 – 14 September 1901
26 14 September 1901
–
4 Mac 1909 		Theodore Roosevelt
1858–1919
[81][82][83] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–25 		Republikan Jawatan dikosongkan
14 September 1901 – 4 Mac 1905
30
(1904) 		Charles W. Fairbanks
4 Mac 1905 – 4 Mac 1909
27 4 Mac 1909
–
4 Mac 1913 		William Howard Taft
1857–1930
[84][85][86] 		Setiausaha Perang Amerika Syarikat
ke–42
(1904–1908) 		Republikan 31
(1908) 		James S. Sherman
4 Mac 1909 – 30 Oktober 1912
Jawatan dikosongkan
(Baki penggal Sherman)
28 4 Mac 1913
–
4 Mac 1921 		Woodrow Wilson
1856–1924
[87][88][89] 		Gabenor New Jersey
ke–34
(1911–1913) 		Demokrat 32
(1912) 		Thomas R. Marshall
33
(1916)
29 4 Mac 1921
–
2 Ogos 1923 		Warren G. Harding
1865–1923
[90][91][92] 		Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Ohio
(1915–1921) 		Republikan 34
(1920) 		Calvin Coolidge
30 2 Ogos 1923
–
4 Mac 1929 		Calvin Coolidge
1872–1933
[93][94][95] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–29 		Republikan Jawatan dikosongkan
2 Ogos 1923 – 4 Mac 1925
35
(1924) 		Charles G. Dawes
4 Mac 1925 – 4 Mac 1929
31 4 Mac 1929
–
4 Mac 1933 		Herbert Hoover
1874–1964
[96][97][98] 		Setiausaha Perdagangan Amerika Syarikat
ke–3
(1921–1928) 		Republikan 36
(1928) 		Charles Curtis
32 4 Mac 1933
–
12 April 1945
 Franklin D. Roosevelt
1882–1945
[99][100][101] 		Gabenor New York
ke–44
(1929–1932) 		Demokrat 37
(1932) 		John Nance Garner
4 Mac 1933 – 20 Januari 1941
38
(1936)
39
(1940) 		Henry A. Wallace
20 Januari 1941 – 20 Januari 1945
40
(1944) 		Harry S. Truman
20 Januari – 12 April 1945
33 12 April 1945
–
20 Januari 1953 		Harry S. Truman
1884–1972
[102][103][104] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–34 		Demokrat Jawatan dikosongkan
12 April 1945 – 20 Januari 1949
41
(1948) 		Alben W. Barkley
20 Januari 1949 – 20 Januari 1953
34 20 Januari 1953
–
20 Januari 1961 		Dwight D. Eisenhower
1890–1969
[105][106][107] 		Komander Tertinggi Bersekutu Eropah
(1949–1952) 		Republikan 42
(1952) 		Richard Nixon
43
(1956)
35 20 Januari 1961
–
22 November 1963 		John F. Kennedy
1917–1963
[108][109][110] 		Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Massachusetts
(1953–1960) 		Demokrat 44
(1960) 		Lyndon B. Johnson
36 22 November 1963
–
20 Januari 1969 		Lyndon B. Johnson
1908–1973
[111][112] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–37 		Demokrat Jawatan dikosongkan
22 November 1963 – 20 Januari 1965
45
(1964) 		Hubert Humphrey
20 Januari 1965 – 20 Januari 1969
37 20 Januari 1969
–
9 Ogos 1974 		Richard Nixon
1913–1994
[113][114][115] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–36
(1953–1961) 		Republikan 46
(1968) 		Spiro Agnew
20 Januari 1969 – 10 Oktober 1973
47
(1972)
Jawatan dikosongkan
10 Oktober 1973 – 6 Disember 1973
Gerald Ford
6 Disember 1973 – 9 Ogos 1974
38 9 Ogos 1974
–
20 Januari 1977 		Gerald Ford
1913–2006
[116][117][118] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–40 		Republikan Jawatan dikosongkan
9 Ogos 1974 – 19 Disember 1974
Nelson Rockefeller
19 Disember 1974 – 20 Januari 1977
39 20 Januari 1977
–
20 Januari 1981 		Jimmy Carter
Lahir 1924
(100 tahun)
[119][120][121] 		Gabenor Georgia
ke–76
(1971–1975) 		Demokrat 48
(1976) 		Walter Mondale
40 20 Januari 1981
–
20 Januari 1989 		Ronald Reagan
1911–2004
[122][123][124] 		Gabenor California
ke–33
(1967–1975) 		Republikan 49
(1980) 		George H. W. Bush
50
(1984)
41 20 Januari 1989
–
20 Januari 1993 		George H. W. Bush
1924–2018
[125][126][127] 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
ke–43 		Republikan 51
(1988) 		Dan Quayle
42 20 Januari 1993
–
20 Januari 2001 		Bill Clinton
Lahir 1946
(78 tahun)
[128][129][130] 		Gabenor Arkansas
ke–40 & ke–42
(1979–1981 & 1983–1992) 		Demokrat 52
(1992) 		Al Gore
53
(1996)
43 20 Januari 2001
–
20 Januari 2009 		George W. Bush
Lahir 1946
(78 tahun)
[131][132] 		Gabenor Texas
ke–46
(1995–2000) 		Republikan 54
(2000) 		Dick Cheney
55
(2004)
44 20 Januari 2009
–
20 Januari 2017 		Barack Obama
Lahir 1961
(63 tahun)
[133][134] 		Senator Amerika Syarikat dari Illinois
(2005–2008) 		Demokrat 56
(2008) 		Joe Biden
57
(2012)
45 20 Januari 2017
–
20 Januari 2021 		Donald Trump
Lahir 1946
(78 tahun)
[135] 		Pengerusi
The Trump Organization
(1971–2017) 		Republikan 58
(2016) 		Mike Pence
46 20 Januari 2021
–
kini
(Penggal tamat 20 Januari 2025) 		Joe Biden
Lahir 1942
(81 tahun) 		Naib Presiden Amerika Syarikat
(2009–2017) 		Demokrat 59
(2020) 		Kamala Harris

Rujukan

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