=Generasi Toyota Fortuner/Hilux Surf (1984–present)

Generasi kedua (N120/N130)
Generasi kedua (N120/N130)
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Hilux Surf ; Toyota Hilux SW4 (Brazil) ; Jinhui 4Runner (China, JV) ;
Pengeluaran	August 1989 – August 1996
Tahun model	1990–1996
Pemasangan	Japan: Tahara, Aichi; China: Zhuhai, Guangdong
Pengganti	Toyota Hilux Sport Rider (Southeast Asia)
Kelas	Compact SUV
Gaya badan	3-door wagon ; 5-door wagon ;
Enjin	Gasoline: ; 2.0 L 3Y I4 ; 2.2 L 4Y I4 ; 2.4 L 22R-E I4 ; 3.0 L 3VZ-E V6 ; Diesel: ; 2.4 L 2L-TE turbo I4 ; 2.4 L 2L-TII turbo I4 ; 2.8 L 3L I4 ; 3.0 L 1KZ-T/TE turbo I4 ;
Penghantaran	4-speed A340H automatic ; 5-speed manual ;
Jarak roda	103.3 in (2,624 mm)
Panjang	176.0–176.8 in (4,470–4,491 mm)
Lebar	66.5 in (1,689 mm)
Tinggi	66.1 in (1,679 mm)
Berat Curb	3,760 lb (1,706 kg) (approx.)
Berkait	Toyota Pickup ; Toyota Hilux ; Toyota Tacoma ; Toyota Land Cruiser ; Toyota Land Cruiser Prado ; Toyota T100 ;

Generasi pertama (N60)
Generasi pertama (N60)
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Hilux Surf ; Toyota Hilux 4Runner ;
Pengeluaran	October 1983 – August 1989
Tahun model	1984–1989
Pemasangan	Japan: Tahara, Aichi
Kelas	Compact SUV
Gaya badan	3-door wagon
Enjin	Gasoline: ; 2.0 L 3Y I4 (1984–1989) ; 2.4 L 22R/22R-E I4 (1984–1989) ; 2.4 L 22R-TE turbo I4 (1986–1988) ; 3.0 L 3VZ-E V6 (1988–1989) ; Diesel: ; 2.4 L 2L I4 (1984–1989) ; 2.4 L 2L-T turbo I4 (1985–1989) ;
Penghantaran	4-speed automatic ; 5-speed manual ;
Jarak roda	103.0 in (2,616 mm)
Panjang	174.6 in (4,435 mm)
Lebar	66.5 in (1,689 mm)
Tinggi	66.1 in (1,679 mm)
Berat Curb	3,520–3,760 lb (1,597–1,706 kg) (approx.)
Berkait	Toyota Pickup

Toyota Fortuner
Toyota Fortuner
	2015 Toyota Fortuner
Maklumat
Pengilang	Toyota
Juga dikenali	Toyota Hilux SW4 (2004–2015) ; Toyota SW4 ;
Pengeluaran	November 2004 – present
Pendahulu	Toyota 4Runner ; Toyota Hilux Sport Rider ;
Kelas	Mid-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive ; Front-engine, four-wheel-drive ;
Pelantar	Toyota IMV platform

The Toyota Fortuner, also known as the Toyota SW4, is a mid-size SUV manufactured by Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. The Fortuner is built on the Hilux pickup truck platform. It features two/three rows of seats and is available in rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive configuration. It is a part of Toyota's IMV project in Thailand, which also includes the Hilux and the Innova. The name "Fortuner" is derived from the English word "fortune".^[1]

=Generasi pertama (1984-1989)

Generasi pertama (N60; 1987)

For the first generation N60 series Hilux Surf and export specification 4Runner introduced in 1983, Toyota, instead of developing an entirely new model, modified the existing Hilux (N50/N60/N70) with short-bed pickup body. The Hilux had undergone a major redesign in 1983 for the 1984 model year. Changes included the removal of the panel with integrated rear window from behind the front seats, the addition of rear seats, and a removable fiberglass canopy. The implementation was borrowed from both the second generation Ford Bronco, and the Chevrolet K5 Blazer, both short-bed trucks with removable fiberglass shells over the rear sections and having bench seats installed in the back. Like the Bronco and the Blazer, the Hilux Surf/4Runner also did not have a wall attached to the front section behind front seats as the regular Hilux did. In that sense, all three vehicles were not conventional pickup trucks with a fiberglass shell included.

Thus, the first generation is nearly mechanically identical to the Toyota Hilux. All first generation 4Runners had two doors and were indistinguishable from the pickups from the dashboard forward. Nearly all changes were to the latter half of the body; in fact, because the rear springs were not upgraded to bear the additional weight from the rear seats and fiberglass top, these early models tended to suffer from a sagging rear suspension.

In North America, they were sold from the 1984½ model year from May 1984. For this first year (March to July 1984 production), all models were equipped with black or white fiberglass tops. An SR5 trim package was offered that upgraded the interior: additional gauges, better fabrics, and a rear seat were standard with the package. All 1984 models were equipped with the carbureted 2.4 L 22R engine and were all available with a four-wheel-drive system that drove the front wheels through a solid front axle.

1985 (August 1984 production) saw the arrival of the electronically fuel-injected 2.4 L 22R-E (and 22R-EC with California emissions controls) I4 engine. This upped the horsepower numbers from 100 hp for the 22R, to 116 hp for the 22R-E Engine, though the carbureted engine remained available until 1988. Additionally, rear seats were available in all 1985 4Runner trim levels, not just the more upscale SR5.

In 1986, the Surf/4Runner underwent a major front suspension design change as it was changed from a solid front axle to the Hi-Trac independent front suspension. Track width was also increased by three inches. These changes made the trucks more comfortable on-road, and improved stability and handling. The new suspension also increased the space in the engine compartment (necessary to fit larger engines, such as the V6 introduced in 1987) but arguably decreased the truck's off-road capabilities. The North American specification Toyota Pickup also adopted this new suspension, but the regular Hilux for other markets at this point retained the more rugged and capable, if less refined, solid axle configuration. With the 1986 update, the Surf/4Runner grille changed from the three segment type to the two segment grille. Tops were color-matched on blue, red and some gold models, while other body colors were still sold with black or white tops.

A turbocharged version of the 22R-E engine (the 22R-TE) was also introduced in 1986, although this engine is significantly rarer than the base 22R-E. It appears that all turbocharged 4Runner models sold in the US were equipped with an automatic transmission, though a five-speed manual could still be ordered in the turbocharged pickups. Most turbocharged 4Runners were equipped with the SR5 package, and all turbo trucks had as standard a heavier rear differential later used in the V6 model. Low-option models had a small light in the gauge cluster to indicate turbo boost, while more plush vehicles were equipped with an all-digital gauge cluster that included a boost gauge. Turbocharged and naturally aspirated diesel engines were also available in the pickups at this time as well, but it appears that no diesel-powered 4Runners were imported to the United States.

During 1984 to 1986 many 4Runners were imported to the US without rear seats. With only two seats the vehicle could be classified as a truck (rather than a sport vehicle) and could skirt the higher customs duties placed upon sport and pleasure vehicles. Most had aftermarket seats and seat belts added by North American dealers after they were imported.

In 1988, the 22R-E engine was joined by an optional 3.0 L V6 engine, the 3VZ-E. This engine was significantly larger and more powerful although not as reliable as the original 4-cylinder offering. Trucks sold with the V6 engine were equipped with the same heavy duty rear differential that was used in the turbocharged trucks, as well as a completely new transmission and transfer case; the transfer case was chain driven, although considered less rugged, created less cab noise than the old gear-driven unit used behind the four-cylinder engine.

An engine which was not used in the US market and rarely in the Japanese domestic market pickups was the 3Y engine, which was used in place of the 22R engine in New Zealand models, followed more rarely by the 4Y 2.2 L gasoline in later versions. This was a decision by Toyota New Zealand to reduce parts required to be stocked by dealers as no other Toyotas sold in New Zealand at the time utilised the R series engines.

Small cosmetic and option changes were made in 1988 for the 1989 model year, but the model was left largely untouched in anticipation of the replacement model then undergoing final development.

=Generasi kedua (1990-1996)

Generasi kedua (N120/N130; 1990)

Toyota issued a second generation of Hilux Surf and 4Runner in 1989 for the 1990 model year. Known as the N120/N130 series, these models continued their reliance on the Hilux pickup as a basis. It represented a fundamental departure from the first generation model. Instead of an enhanced pickup truck with fiberglass cap, the new 4Runners featured a freshly designed, full steel integrated body mounted on the existing frame. However, the 4Runner did remain virtually identical to the Hilux from the B-pillars forward. It also gained an all new coil spring rear suspension system, which unfortunately proved to be just as prone to sagging as the leaf springs on the rear of the previous models.

Nearly all second generation 4Runners were four-door models; however, from launch in 1989 to May 1993, a two-door model was also produced. These models are similar to the four-door models of the time in that the bodies were formed as a single unit, instead of the fiberglass tops used in the first generation 4Runners. Two-door cars of the second generation are extremely rare. US sales ended in August 1992, but it continued to be available in the Canadian market through 1993, and Japan until May 1993.

Because the drive train was still developed from the same source, the available engines were identical: The same 2.4 L four-cylinder (22R-E) and 3.0 L V6 (3VZ) engines were available in rear-wheel-drive and four-wheel-drive layouts. The new 4Runner used the independent front suspension that had been developed on the previous generation. The older style gear driven transfer case was phased out on the V6 models and they now had a chain driven case. The older gear driven case was retained on the 4-cylinder models.

The Hilux Surf version for the Japanese market was also available with a range of diesel engines, including a 2.4 L turbodiesel 2L-TE I4 up to 1993, followed by a 3.0 L turbodiesel 1KZ-TE I4. Small numbers were also made with a normally aspirated 2.8 L diesel 3L I4, a 2.0 L 3Y I4 naturally aspirated gasoline engine, and 2.4 L 22R-E I4 gasoline engine.^[3] The majority of gasoline versions of the Hilux Surf received the 3.0 L V6. Various trim levels were offered in Japan ranging from the base model 'SSR' through 'SSR Ltd', 'SSR-V' 'SSR-X' and 'SSR-X Ltd' to the range topping 'SSR-G'.

Most other full-body SUVs produced at the time (e.g. Nissan Pathfinder, Ford Explorer) featured tailgates that opened upward with the glass closed. In contrast, the second generation 4Runner carried over the retractable-glass tailgate from the first generation. Opening these tailgates requires first retracting the rear window into the tailgate and then lowering the tailgate much like as on a pickup truck.

In 1991 for the 1992 model year, the 4Runner received minor cosmetic updates, including one-piece front bumpers and modular headlamps instead of the increasingly outdated rectangular sealed beams. This facelift distanced the 4Runner somewhat from the Hilux pickups which did not receive the same cosmetic changes. At this time a wide-body version was introduced featuring extended wheel arch flares along with wider wheels and tires.

Additional cosmetic changes occurred between 1993 and 1995, the last year of the second generation.

Safety

The first and second generation 4Runners were both targeted as unsafe SUVs. 1980s and early-1990s crash regulations in the United States were not very strict for light trucks, and all early model 4Runners were fitted with doors that offered little protection in the event of a side collision. In most areas, there was little more than two pieces of sheet-metal and the window to keep incoming vehicles from impacting passengers. The crash test rating for the second generation 4Runner was one star for the driver's side in a frontal collision while the passenger side received a 4-star rating. Later, more strict crash regulations mandated doors that offered as much protection as passenger car doors. In the United States, the 1994 and 1995 model years added side-impact beams in the doors.

Airbags for both the driver and passenger were added in 1995 (1996 model year).

=Generasi ketiga (1997–2003)

Generasi ketiga (N180; 1997)

Third generation (N180)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Hilux Surf Toyota Hilux SW4 (Argentina, Brazil) Zhongxing Admiral
Pengeluaran	August 1997 – August 2003
Tahun model	1997–2003
Pemasangan	Japan: Tahara, Aichi; Hamura, Tokyo
Kelas	Mid-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Enjin	Gasoline: 2.7 L 3RZ-FE I4 3.4 L 5VZ-FE V6 Diesel: 3.0 L 1KZ-TE turbo I4 (1995-2000) 3.0 L 1KD-FTV D-4D turbo I4 (2000-2002)
Penghantaran	4-speed automatic 5-speed manual
Jarak roda	105.3 in (2,675 mm)
Panjang	1995–98: 178.7 in (4,539 mm) 1998–00: 183.2 in (4,653 mm) 2000–02: 183.3 in (4,656 mm)
Lebar	2WD: 66.5 in (1,689 mm) Limited: 70.9 in (1,801 mm)
Tinggi	1998–02: 67.5 in (1,714 mm) 1998–02 Limited: 68.5 in (1,740 mm) 1995–98: 66.5 in (1,689 mm) 1995–98 Limited: 68.7 in (1,745 mm)
Berat Curb	3,930 lb (1,783 kg) (approx.)
Berkait	Toyota Land Cruiser Prado Toyota Hilux Toyota Hilux Sport Rider Toyota Tacoma Toyota T100

Developed under chief Masaaki Ishiko from 1990 to 1995 under the project code 185T, in late 1995 (for the 1996 model year) a significant redesign of the 4Runner was introduced, with an all-new body shell on an all-new chassis. Though it shared many parts, including engine and transmission, with the new Tacoma, the body and chassis were unique for the first time. Despite moving upmarket with the rest of the mid-size SUV market, the new 4Runner differentiated itself by retaining the rugged off-road character its competitors were sacrificing for highway comfort.^[4]

The third generation 4Runner featured new engines shared with the first generation Toyota Tacoma pickup trucks:

2.7L 3RZ-FE I4 replacing the previous 2.4L 22R-E I4; 150 hp (110 kW) max horsepower at 4800 rpm (an increase of 38 hp (28 kW)), and 177 lb·ft (240 N·m) max torque at 4000 rpm (an increase of 35 lb·ft (47 N·m));
3.4L 5VZ-FE V6 replacing the previous 3.0L 3VZ-E V6; 183 hp (136 kW) horsepower at 4800 rpm (an increase of 33 hp (25 kW)), and 217 lb·ft (294 N·m) max torque at 3600 rpm (an increase of 37 lb·ft (50 N·m)).

In 1996 the 4Runner was dropped from sale in the UK, to be replaced by the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado, which was badged as the Toyota Land Cruiser Colorado.

Significant changes from the second generation models include a larger body on a longer wheelbase, increased interior space, increased cargo space, dual airbags, ABS, lift-up tailgate, coil-spring suspension all around, rack and pinion steering, and aerodynamic contour designed glass headlights. Additionally, Hilux Surf versions immediately moved to 16-inch wheels and gained a center differential, enabling the use of four-wheel drive on hard surfaces without complication for the first time. The prior system was retained to give on-the-fly shifting between rear- and four-wheel drive as before. The new 4Runner was also available with a factory installed selectable electric locker in the rear differential, a first for the 4Runner but available since 1993 in the Toyota Land Cruiser.

The 1997 model year received a few minor updates, including the addition of a color keyed cargo cover.

The 1998 model year remained largely unchanged, save for a few changes in the electronics. More ergonomic switch control panels and a newly designed 4 spoke steering wheel, which also necessitated a redesign of the airbag system.

For the 1999 model year there were both major cosmetic and interior enhancements. A new "fat lip" bumper was designed to allow for an extended crush zone on the front of the frame, as well as new multi-parabola style headlights, projector style fog lamps, and updated side marker lights and front turn signals. Vehicles with "Limited" and "Highlander" (later called "Sport Edition") trim received color-keyed running boards, front and rear bumpers, mud flaps and flares. The ergonomics of the interior was completely changed, moving all the controls to the center of the dash for the rear window, and defrost, it also received a new instrument panel with a digital odometer. The Limited trucks also received a brand-new electronic temp control, and upgraded stereo. The multimatic transmission became available as an option for 4WD 4Runners for 1999, giving the option of AWD operation.

The 2001 model year received new transparent tail lights and new front grille design. The wheels were also changed to a five-spoke design rim. Limited models received newly designed five spoke wheels as well, however different from SR5 and base model. Also included was a new, sleeker side view mirror design. SR5 and base model 4Runners also have redesigned climate control units utilizing 3 knobs and 2 buttons, contrary to the 1999 model's 2 sliders and 2 knobs. 2001 models were equipped with Vehicle Stability Control standard, and 4WD models came standard with the multimatic transmission. The optional e-locker for the rear differential was dropped in 2001.

The 2002 model year can be distinguished from the rear by their chromed lift gate exterior trim that encompasses the license plate. Dan pada tahun 2004 toyota hilux surf digantikan dengan toyota fortuner di tahun 2004 bulan November yang lalu

=Generasi pertama (2004-2015)

Generasi pertama (AN50/AN60; 2004–2015)

First generation (AN50/AN60)
Toyota Fortuner 2.5 G (KUN60; pre-facelift)
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Hilux SW4 Toyota SW4
Pengeluaran	November 2004 – December 2015
Pemasangan	Argentina: Zárate (TASA) Egypt: Cairo (AAV, from 2012) India: Bidadi (TKM) Indonesia: Karawang, West Java (TMMIN) Kazakhstan: Kostanay (from June 2014) Malaysia: Shah Alam (UMW) Thailand: Samut Prakan; Chachoengsao (TMT) Venezuela: Cumaná Vietnam: Vĩnh Phúc
Enjin	Petrol: 2.7 L 2TR-FE I4 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 Diesel: 2.5 L 2KD-FTV common rail I4 2.5 L 2KD-FTV turbocharged common rail I4 3.0 L 1KD-FTV turbocharged common rail I4 3.0 L 5L-E turbocharged common rail I4
Penghantaran	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic 5-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,750 mm (108.3 in)
Panjang	4,705 mm (185.2 in)
Lebar	1,840 mm (72.4 in)
Tinggi	1,850 mm (72.8 in)
Berat Curb	1,710–1,980 kg (3,770–4,365 lb)
Berkait	Toyota Hilux (AN10/AN20/AN30) Toyota Innova (AN40)
Pereka bentuk	Kaoru Hosokawa (2002) Satoshi Yokoi (2008 facelift: 2006)

The first generation Fortuner was unveiled in December 2004 at the Thailand International Motor Expo and was available for sale in early 2004. It is positioned below the Land Cruiser and above the RAV4. Model codes included: TGN50, GGN60, TGN60, KUN60.

Initially, the Fortuner was sold with 4 different types of 2 petrol engines and 2 diesel engines. All variants were offered in RWD or 4WD configuration, with 5-speed manual transmission and a 4 or 5-speed automatic transmission. In August 2012, the 2.5-litre common-rail turbodiesel 2KD-FTV engine was upgraded to a variable nozzle turbocharger (VNT) which was already equipped in the 3.0-litre common-rail turbo diesel 1KD-FTV since its introduction in 2005 to increase power and torque about 60%, also reducing fuel consumption up to 30%. With this VNT equipment, the Fortuner could now accelerate from 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in about 11 seconds (less than 10 seconds for 3.0-litre engine).^[5] It was launched to commemorate Pertamina's successful expedition from Jakarta, Indonesia to Rome, Italy (a distance of roughly 20,000 kilometres) using a group of Fortuners.^[6]

Variants

A number of engine options are available depending on the country of sale, including a 2.7-litre 2TR-FE and 4.0-litre 1GR-FE V6 petrol with Variable Valve Timing and 2.5-litre 2KD-FTV and 3.0-litre 1KD-FTV common rail variable geometry turbocharger diesel models.

Trim levels are G and G Luxury for rear-wheel drive diesel and petrol, and V for 4×4 Diesel and petrol. The common rail turbo intercooled diesel has functional scoop on its hood.

In 2007, Toyota Thailand dropped the 4×4 petrol model and replaced it with a two-wheel drive petrol version.

Markets

Argentina

In Argentina, it was assembled in Zárate and sold as the Toyota SW4 in petrol and diesel versions.^[7]

Brazil

Like in Argentina, it is known as the SW4 in Brazil. In this market, there are two trims available. Diesel 3.0-litre 16-valve turbo with automatic 5-speed transmission and Flex (petrol) 2.7-litre 16-valve VVT-I with 4×2 traction, 5-speed manual and 4-speed automatic.

Brunei

Launched in 2005, the Fortuner in Brunei is available in 2.5-litre manual G trim with and 3.0-litre automatic V trim. The 2.5 G is available in 2WD while the 3.0 V has full-time 4WD.

Colombia

The Fortuner was unveiled in Colombia in 2005 and launched in 2007 as a replacement for the locally assembled Prado that had been under production for 9 years without any changes. The Prado continued in production until 2009. A new trim was added in 2010, the Fortuner Urbana, with a petrol 2.7 L engine in 4×4 and 4×2 models.

The Fortuner is available in the following trim levels:

Fortuner Urbana 4×2, with a 2.7-litre engine.
Fortuner Urbana 4×4 with a 2.7-litre engine.
Fortuner Plus Diesel, with a 3.0-litre turbo engine.

All of them come standard with a 5-speed manual transmission or an optional 4-speed automatic transmission.^[8]

Ecuador

The Fortuner was unveiled in South America – Ecuador in 2005 and launched in 2007. Versions of the Fortuner have come from Venezuela and Thailand. There are various trim levels available, originally only 4×4 and 4×2 options using a V6 4.0-litre petrol engine were sold. Since 2010, a 2.7-litre engine option was introduced. New facelift models were also introduced.^[9] All trims come standard with a 5-speed manual transmission or an optional 6-speed automatic transmission.

Egypt

The Fortuner was unveiled in Egypt in 2010 and launched in 2011. It is available in two trims with two petrol engines: the 4-litre V6 1GR-FE, and the 2.7-litre inline-four 2TR-FE. All have automatic transmission and 4×4. The car is assembled in Egypt at Arab American Vehicles.

India

Toyota launched the Fortuner in India in 2009.^[10]^[11] It is assembled at the Bidadi, Karnataka plant of Toyota Kirloskar Motor from imported CKD kits.^[12] Fortuner production increased to more than 950 vehicles per month from the initial 500 units per month.

Initially there was only one trim sold, which is the 3.0-litre 1KD-FTV engine 4×4 model, with leather upholstery, manual transmission and climatronic as standard.^[13] At the 2012 Indian Auto Expo, Toyota launched the 3.0-litre 4×2 option in both manual and automatic transmission.^[14]^[15] The top-of-the-range Fortuner 3.0 4×4 AT was introduced to the Indian market in January 2015 along with a 2.5-litre 2KD-FTV engine with 5-speed manual and 5-speed automatic transmission.^[16]^[17] This 2.5-litre variant was only available in 4×2 configuration.

Indonesia

The Fortuner was introduced on 8 July 2004 at the 12th Gaikindo Auto Expo in Jakarta. Initially, the Fortuner was imported from Thailand and sold in 2.7 G and 2.7 V trim levels. The rear wheel drive 2.7 G was offered in the base trim with fabric interior and the Luxury with leather interior and premium sound system. The V trim with the 3.0-litre diesel engine is not sold in Indonesia, due to the heavier tax regulations imposed on vehicles with diesel engines larger than 2.5-litre.

The 2.5 G trim was later added to the market in 2007 and adds a four-wheel drive powered by a 2.5-litre diesel engine rated at 75 kW (102 PS; 101 hp). It is mated to a 5-speed manual. Since then, the Fortuner is assembled locally at the Karawang plant to fulfill the local market and exports to the Middle East (GCC) market.

In mid-2009, a new trim level was added to the lineup, which is the 2.5 G with a 4-speed automatic transmission. The 2.5 G can be ordered with TRD Sportivo body kits, which is also available as dealer installed options for other models. In August 2012, the 2.5-litre common-rail turbodiesel 2KD-FTV engine was upgraded to a variable nozzle turbocharger (VNT), rating the engine power output to 106 kW (144 PS; 142 hp).^[18]

Kazakhstan

In June 2014, Toyota announced that complete knock-down (CKD) production of the Fortuner at a production facility of Saryarka AvtoProm LLP (SAP). Plans call for a production of approximately 3,000 units annually and the hiring of an additional 100 employees in SAP.^[19]

Malaysia

The Toyota Fortuner was launched in Malaysia in August 2004. It was initially made available with two trims: the 2.5 G and the 2.7 V.^[20]

In August 2007, the first facelift for the Toyota Fortuner was made available in Malaysia with four trims: 2.5 G, 2.5 G TRD Sportivo, 2.7 V and 2.7 V TRD Sportivo.^[21]

In October 2012, the second facelift for the Toyota Fortuner was made available in Malaysia again with four trims: 2.5 G, 2.5 G TRD Sportivo, 2.7 V and 2.7 V TRD Sportivo.^[22]

In October 2013, the Fortuner underwent a minor update. Changes included different colour for the wheels and black upholstery. Four trims were available: 2.5 G, 2.5 G TRD Sportivo, 2.7 V and 2.7 V TRD Sportivo. ISOFIX is standard across the range.^[23]

In February 2015, another minor update occurred. Changes included smoked head and tail lamps, bumper-mounted LED DRLs, different TRD Sportivo decals. It was available in five different colours: Attitude Black, Grey Metallic, Medium Silver Metallic, Solid White and Silver Metallic. Four trims were available: 2.5 G, 2.5 G TRD Sportivo, 2.7 V and 2.7 V TRD Sportivo.^[24]

The 2.7 V and 2.7 V TRD Sportivo carries a 2.7-litre petrol engine. It was available only in 4-speed automatic transmission with ECT. The 2.5 G and 2.5 G TRD Sportivo has an 2.5-litre diesel engine. It was initially available with a 5-speed manual transmission only, but for the 2009 model year facelift it has been replaced by a 4-speed automatic. In August 2012, together with the Hilux, the engine has now received a variable nozzle intercooled turbocharger upgrade otherwise known as VNT.^[25]

Philippines

The Fortuner was introduced in 2005. It fills in the gap between the smaller RAV4, and the more premium Land Cruiser Prado. It is sold in 2 trim levels: the entry level G, and the top-spec V.

The G models have 3 drivetrain options available; the 2.7-litre 2TR-FE petrol engine with VVT-i, or the 2.5-litre 2KD-FTV engine with common rail diesel (D-4D) that either comes with a 4-speed automatic transmission, or a 5-speed manual. The G trim features fabric seats, fabric interior trim, powered windows, and climate control AC. As for the V models, engine options are limited to diesel engines with automatic transmissions only with a choice of the 2.5-litre 2KD-FTV or the 3.0-litre 1KD-FTV. The top of the line 4x4 model is equipped with the 1KD-FTV engine with D-4D technology and comes with a 4-speed automatic transmission and a low range transfer case. The V trim has all the features of the G trim plus leather interior, leather seats, steering wheel controls, power driver seat (2011 facelift), rear parking sensors (2011 facelift), and HID projector headlights (2011 facelift). The Fortuner was refreshed in October 2011, with a new front fascia, headlights and tail lights alongside the facelifted Innova and Hilux. The drivetrains remain the same.

In September 2012, the 2.5-litre 2KD-FTV diesel engine was upgraded with Variable Nozzle Turbocharger (VNT) with intercooler. According to Toyota Motor Philippines, the new model will have improved fuel efficiency and produce additional engine power by 40% and increase torque by 30%. A new feature for the Fortuner 4×4 V fiesel, 4×2 G diesel automatic trim levels was an audio system with GPS.^[26]

GCC

In Saudi Arabia and the UAE, the Fortuner was launched in 2005. There are two trims sold in Saudi Arabia, called the "GX" and the "VX" trims. The GX came with the 2.7-litre engine and 5-speed manual as standard (4-speed automatic is an option) and optional 4×4 whereas the VX came with the 4.0-litre V6 1GR-FE with standard 4×4 and all wheel drive with either a 5-speed automatic or 5-speed manual transmission. There is no diesel variant available. In the UAE, when the facelifted version was released the Fortuner was available in two variants, the 2.7-litre petrol engine and 4.0-litre petrol engine. In 2015 the Fortuner in the UAE came available with TRD body kits. As of 2015, the Fortuner is available in four variants: 2.7 EXR, 2.7 TRD Sportivo, 4.0 GXR, 4.0 VXR and 4.0 TRD Sportivo.

Singapore

The Fortuner was introduced in 2004 in Singapore by the authorised dealer in only 2.7 V variant. It received a facelift in 2008 and 2011 with changes to the headlamp and tail lamp clusters in its first facelift and received new bumpers and grill design with new black wood grain trim in its interior with new headlamp and clear tail lamp clusters for the second facelift. Later models included a touchscreen telematics navigation system. Some problems include parking because of its height of 1.85 m not being able to clear the height limit in some car parks.

South Africa

The Fortuner was unveiled in South Africa in 2005 and launched in 2006 where it is the best-selling SUV since launch.^[27] Toyota released an updated model in 2009. In 2011, the Fortuner benefited from another facelift, together with its sibling the Hilux. A 2.5-litre diesel engine was added to the newly facelifted range. Again in 2013, the Fortuner received some minor interior upgrades notably for the first time; the introduction of a black leather interior. The sound system was also upgraded together with the navigation system.

Venezuela

Two trims are available for 2011 – 4×4 and 4×2 – both with the 4.0-litre V6 engine. The assembly plant is located in Cumaná.

Vietnam

In February 2009, Toyota Motor Vietnam (TMV) started to produce Fortuner – SUV of IMV series. And the Fortuner has soon occupied the first position in medium high SUV segment in Vietnam with the accumulated sales of nearly 25,000 units with a steady SUV market share at 64% with 6,129 units sold in 2012.^[28]

Facelifts

2007

A minor redesign of the Fortuner was launched in July 2007. It was first unveiled in Thailand, and then at the 16th Indonesia International Motor Show. It features new projector headlamps and grille, new rear lights, Bluetooth connectivity, new light sand interior, electronic adjustable driver's seat in 4×4 V trim, rear air conditioning from ceiling for second, and third row which was originally located on the sides. Electronic Brake Force Distribution, with Brake Assist replacing LSPV in some models only. It is also All Wheel Drive (AWD) for the first time. Its newly redesigned front grille and front lamps are in the style of the Land Cruiser 200 Series.

2008-2010 Toyota Fortuner G (AN60; first facelift)
2008-2010 Toyota Fortuner G (AN60; first facelift) (rear view)
2009 Toyota Fortuner 2.5 G TRD Sportivo (KUN60; first facelift)

2012

A more heavily facelifted Fortuner was introduced in July 2011. It was first unveiled in Bangkok, Thailand. The front fascia was completely revised with a new fender, hood, grille, headlamps, tail lamps, bumper and fog light housing, similar to the J200 Land Cruiser. The tail lamps were redesigned with clear housing similar to the first generation Lexus RX. The rear bumper, rear garnish plate were also revised. Changes in the sides includes a new sharper fender flares, LED integrated side view mirrors and the wheels was also redesigned similar to the 2012 Hilux. Minor changes were also made to the interior including the centre console, steering wheel and audio/video system were also upgraded. The Fortuner later also received a new VNT (Variable Nozzle Turbo) intercooled turbo engine.^[29]^[30]

2013 Toyota Fortuner 2.5 G (KUN60; second facelift)
2013 Toyota Fortuner 2.7 G LUX (TGN61; second facelift)
2013 Toyota Fortuner 2.5 G TRD Sportivo (KUN60; second facelift)
2012 Toyota Fortuner 2.5 V (KUN60; second facelift) (rear view)
Interior (second facelift)

=Generasi kedua (2016-Present)

Generasi Kedua (AN150/AN160; 2015 (2016–present))

Second generation (AN150/AN160)
2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 VRZ 4x2 (GUN165; pre-facelift)
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota SW4
Pengeluaran	July 2015 (2016 – present)
Pemasangan	Argentina: Zárate (TASA) Egypt: Cairo India: Bidadi (TKM) Indonesia: Karawang, West Java (TMMIN) Malaysia: Shah Alam (UMW) Pakistan: Karachi (IMC) South Africa: Durban^[31] Thailand: Samut Prakan (TMT) Vietnam: Vĩnh Phúc^[32]
Enjin	Petrol: 2.7 L 2TR-FE I4 Dual VVT-i 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 Diesel: 2.4 L 2GD-FTV ESTEC turbocharged D-4D I4 2.8 L 1GD-FTV ESTEC turbocharged D-4D I4 3.0 L 1KD-FTV turbocharged D-4D I4 3.0 L 5L-E I4^[33]
Penghantaran	5-speed manual 6-speed manual 5-speed automatic 6-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,745 mm (108.1 in)
Panjang	4,795 mm (188.8 in)
Lebar	1,855 mm (73.0 in)
Tinggi	1,835–1,850 mm (72.2–72.8 in)
Berat Curb	2,105–2,135 kg (4,641–4,707 lb)
Berkait	Toyota Hilux (AN120/AN130) Toyota Innova (AN140)
Pereka bentuk	Hiroki Nakajima

The second generation Fortuner was unveiled simultaneously on 16 July 2015 in Australia and Thailand.^[34] Along with the Toyota Hilux, the Fortuner features the "Keen Look" design language that has already been used on the Toyota Corolla (E170) with slim projector headlights and LED daytime running lights. But this time, Fortuner stopped sharing the interior design with the Hilux to give a distinct character between the two.^[35] Both the Hilux and Fortuner share the chassis, transmission and engine lineups, with two new diesel engines (1GD-FTV and 2GD-FTV). The 2.7-litre and 4.0-litre petrol engines were updated with Dual VVT-i. The second generation Fortuner features a part-time 4WD system instead of the full-time 4WD system used in the previous generation.

All variants have ABS, EBD, dual airbags plus knee airbag, follow me home light function, all around sensor, glove box with chiller function, digital automatic climate control, all auto power windows along with tilt and telescopic steering wheel as standard. All variants have Eco Mode and Power Mode features to adjust throttle responses. The front braking system consists of 17" disc brakes, whilst the rear braking system uses drum brakes,^[36] except in Australia and India where disc brakes are used all around. In 2017, the Fortuner was upgraded to disc brakes all around in all markets.

Engines

Petrol engines
Model	Engine	Transmission	Power	Torque
2.7	2.7 L 2TR-FE inline-4 fuel-injected petrol with Dual VVT-i	6-speed manual	120 kW (161 hp; 163 PS) at 5,500 rpm	246 N·m (181 lb·ft) at 3,800 rpm
2.7		6-speed automatic	120 kW (161 hp; 163 PS) at 5,500 rpm	246 N·m (181 lb·ft) at 3,800 rpm
4.0	4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 fuel-injected petrol	6-speed manual	176 kW (236 hp; 239 PS) at 5,200 rpm	377 N·m (278 lb·ft) at 4,000 rpm
4.0	4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 fuel-injected petrol	6-speed automatic	176 kW (236 hp; 239 PS) at 5,200 rpm	377 N·m (278 lb·ft) at 4,000 rpm
Diesel engines
Model	Engine	Transmission	Power	Torque
2.4	2.4 L 2GD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel with VNT	6-speed manual	110 kW (148 hp; 150 PS) at 3,400 rpm	343 N·m (253 lb·ft) at 1,400–2,600 rpm
2.4	2.4 L 2GD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel with VNT	6-speed automatic	110 kW (148 hp; 150 PS) at 3,400 rpm	400 N·m (300 lb·ft) at 1,600–2,400 rpm
2.8	2.8 L 1GD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel with VNT	6-speed manual	130 kW (174 hp; 177 PS) at 3,400 rpm	420 N·m (310 lb·ft) at 1,400–2,600 rpm
2.8	2.8 L 1GD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel with VNT	6-speed automatic	130 kW (174 hp; 177 PS) at 3,400 rpm (2015–2020) 150 kW (201 hp; 204 PS) at 3,400 rpm (2020–present)	450 N·m (330 lb·ft) at 1,600–2,400 rpm (2015–2020) 500 N·m (370 lb·ft) at 1,600–2,000 rpm (2020–present)
3.0	3.0 L 1KD-FTV inline-4 common rail diesel with VNT	5-speed automatic	121.5 kW (163 hp; 165 PS) at 3,400 rpm	360 N·m (270 lb·ft) at 1,800–3,400 rpm
3.0	3.0 L 5L-E inline-4 naturally aspirated diesel	5-speed manual	71 kW (95 hp; 97 PS) at 4,000 rpm	197 N·m (145 lb·ft) at 2,200 rpm

Markets

Australia

The Fortuner was unveiled in Australia in July 2015 and went on sale in October 2015. It is sold only with 4×4, 2.8-litre turbodiesel with either six-speed manual or six-speed automatic transmission. Three trim levels are available: GX, GXL and Crusade.^[37]^[38]

India

The second generation Fortuner was launched in India on 7 November 2016 with 2 engine options with either manual or automatic transmission, 4×2 or 4×4.^[39]

Indonesia

2018 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 VRZ TRD Sportivo (GUN165)

Fail:019 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 VRZ TRD Sportivo 4x2 GUN165R interior (20190722).jpg

2019 Toyota Fortuner 2.4 VRZ TRD Sportivo interior

The second generation Fortuner was launched on 22 January 2016 in Jakarta, Indonesia. It is available in three trim levels: G (diesel, available with either manual or automatic transmission, 2WD or 4WD), VRZ (diesel, available in either 2WD or 4WD, all automatic) and SRZ (the only petrol 2WD automatic). The engine offered in Indonesian market are the 2.7-litre 2TR-FE Dual VVT-i petrol engine or 2.4-litre 2GD-FTV diesel engine. The full-time 4WD system from the previous model was swapped in favour of a part-time 4WD system.^[40]

Both SRZ and VRZ trims are plotted as the flagship trims. It is equipped with power back door, power seat adjuster, head unit with air gesture, navigation, mirror link, rear seat entertainment with power supply and keyless start. Several critical safety features such as hill assist control, vehicle stability control, active traction control, brake assist, side and curtain airbags and emergency brake signal were only available for the VRZ 4×4 trim, which raised criticism from customers and journalists.^[41]^[42]

The TRD Sportivo body kits were also available for the SRZ and VRZ trims since August 2017. During the 25th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show, on 10 August 2017, an TRD Sportivo trim was added. During the 26th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 2 August 2018, the Fortuner was updated to comply with the Euro 4 emission standards. The Fortuner TRD Sportivo received a minor update during the 27th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show on 18 July 2019. The changes include all black 18-inch wheels, but with same design, power back door with kick sensor, new redesigned TRD Sportivo side stickers and changes to front and rear bumpers.^[43]

The facelifted Fortuner was launched in Indonesia in October 2020 alongside the facelifted Kijang Innova. Trim levels remained the same as the pre-facelift model.^[44]

Laos

The second generation Fortuner was launched on 25 March 2016 with one trim level: 3.0 V 4×4 5AT (1KD-FTV) with 5-speed automatic transmission.

It is equipped with more features such as electric tailgate, Bi-LED headlights with LED DRL, welcome lamps, LED interior lamps, all automatic windows, driver power seat adjuster, smart keyless entry with push-start button, auto-air conditioning, vehicle stability control, traction control, brake Assist, 7 airbags and rear differential lock.

In August 2017, the Fortuner was updated with an introduction of the new 2.8-litre 1GD-FTV engine that replaced the old 3.0-litre 1KD-FTV engine used in the outgoing model and received more additional features such as Silver side steps, rear disc brakes, LED fog lights, 6-speed automatic transmission with paddle shifters (replacing 5-speed automatic transmission), Downhill Assist Control (DAC) and ECO/PWR drive mode selector.^[45]

Malaysia

The second generation Fortuner was launched in May 2016 with two trim levels: 2.4 VRZ AT 4×4 turbodiesel and 2.7 SRZ AT 4×4 petrol.^[46] In January 2017, both variants obtained EEV status.^[47] In September 2017, the 2.4 VRZ became the 2.4 4×4 AT (dropping the VRZ branding) and two additional trim models were introduced: 2.4 VRZ 4×2 AT and 2.4 VRZ 4×4 AT.^[48]

Pakistan

The second generation Fortuner was first launched on 27 September 2016 with a petrol variant. In late 2017, Toyota Indus introduced the Diesel Sigma 4 variant of the Fortuner. It added more features over the solo petrol variant such as power back door, rear disc brakes, etc. In January 2020, Toyota Indus also launched a base petrol variant of Fortuner naming it Fortuner G, the up-spec variant as Fortuner V and the diesel variant as Fortuner Sigma.^[49]^[50]

Philippines

The second generation Fortuner was launched in the Philippines on 14 January 2016 with two new diesel engines (2.8-litre 1GD-FTV & 2.4-litre 2GD-FTV), and an updated 2.7-litre petrol engine with Dual VVT-i. The G trim is offered with two engine options, the 2.4-litre diesel engine with Variable Nozzle Turbo or the 2.7-litre petrol engine. The diesel engine can be paired with either a 6-speed manual transmission or 6-speed automatic transmission, while the petrol can only be paired with 6-speed automatic transmission. Standard on the G trim are manual climate control, 17-inch alloy wheels, colour-keyed outer door handles, halogen projector headlamps and 6.5-inch touchscreen with navigation. The V trim adds 18-inch alloy wheels with two-tone design, chrome door handles, Bi-beam LED projector headlamps and smart key entry with push start/stop button. The 4×4 V trim exclusively has a 2.8-litre turbo diesel engine, stability control, hill start assist and side curtain airbags. The 4×2 V and lower trim levels only have airbags for the driver, driver's knee and passenger.

In August 2017, the Fortuner was refreshed for the 2018 model year. Rear disc brakes, automatic climate control and rear parking sensors became standard on all trim levels. For the G trim, the interior colour was changed from Chamois to Dark Brown, while the V trim gained corner sensors and LED fog lamps, the 4×4 V trim exclusively gained Downhill Assist Control (DAC) and a rear differential lock.^[51]^[52]

In September 2019, the Fortuner received Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration as standard across all variants for the 2020 model year.^[53]

In October 2020, the facelifted Fortuner was launched. It is offered in 2.4 G, 2.4 V, 2.8 Q and 2.8 LTD trim levels with the 2.7 G petrol being discontinued. All models receive Bi-beam LED headlights with LED Daytime running lights, hill-start assist control, vehicle stability control, active traction control, Black interior and updated infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto connectivity as standard while the V, Q and LTD models receives LED fog lights, roof rails, 8-inch infotainment system, glove box with chiller function, smart entry and push button start, wireless charger, leather-wrapped steering wheel, around-view monitor and redesigned taillights. The 2.4 grades receives fabric seats and 17 inch wheel size while the V receives regular cruise control, the 2.8 models receives 18 inch wheel size, TSS (Toyota Safety sense) consisting of Pre Collision system, Lane Departure Alert and Dynamic Radar Cruise Control, power tailgate and leather seats. G, V and Q models receives 3 airbags while the LTD receives 7 airbags. The LTD exclusively receive the look similar to the Legender and features such as ventilated front seats, Maroon accents, sequential turn signal lights, interior illumination and JBL sound system. The LTD 4x4 exclusively has Downhill Assist Control and a diff-lock. Transmission options remain the same as the pre-facelift model with the G grade only offering a 6-speed manual transmission or 6-speed automatic transmission while the rest of the lineup only gets the automatic transmission option.^[54]

Russia

The Fortuner went on sale in Russia in October 2017. The Fortuner sold in Russia is only available in 4×4 with 2.8-litre turbo-diesel and 2.7-litre petrol engines, with either five-speed manual or six-speed automatic gearbox. Four trim choices are offered: Standard, Comfort, Elegance and Prestige. Fortuners sold in the Russian market are imported from Thailand.^[55]

Facelift

The facelifted Fortuner debuted on 4 June 2020 for the Thai market alongside the facelifted Hilux.^[56] The Legender flagship sub-model was introduced to replace the Thai market TRD Sportivo model. The Legender grade is equipped with a different headlight units from the standard grades and different front and rear bumper designs which designed to be in-line with Toyota crossover SUVs. It is also equipped with 20-inch wheels, interior ambient lighting, two-tone leather seats, JBL sound system, and a set of Toyota Safety Sense active safety systems.^[57] The 2.8-litre 1GD-FTV diesel engine received an upgrade, producing 204 PS (201 hp; 150 kW) and 500 N·m (51 kg·m; 370 lb·ft) of torque.^[58]

2020 Toyota Fortuner 2.4V (GUN165; facelift, Thailand)
2020 Toyota Fortuner 2.4V (GUN165; facelift, Thailand)
2020 Toyota Fortuner 2.8 Legender 4WD (GUN156; Thailand)

=Generasi Mitsubishi Pajero Sport (1997–present)

Mitsubishi Pajero Sport
2017 Mitsubishi Pajero Sport Dakar Ultimate 4x2 (KR1W, Indonesia)
Maklumat
Pengilang	Mitsubishi Motors
Juga dikenali	Mitsubishi Challenger (1997–2016) Mitsubishi Montero Sport Mitsubishi Shogun Sport (United Kingdom)
Pengeluaran	1996–present
Kelas	Mid-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Berkait	Mitsubishi Triton

The Mitsubishi Pajero Sport is a mid-size SUV produced by the Japanese manufacturer Mitsubishi Motors since 1996 that has spanned over three generations. Mitsubishi has formerly used the Mitsubishi Challenger (三菱・チャレンジャーcode: ja is deprecated , Mitsubishi Charenjā) name in Japan and some international markets, but since the third-generation model, the Pajero Sport/Montero Sport/Shogun Sport was the name used instead.

=Generasi pertama (1997–2009)

Generasi Pertama (K80/K90/PA/PA II; 1997)

Generasi Pertama (K80/K90/PA/PA II)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Mitsubishi Challenger Mitsubishi Montero Sport Mitsubishi Shogun Sport (United Kingdom) Mitsubishi Strada G-Wagon (Thailand) Mitsubishi Nativa Beijing BJ2025
Pengeluaran	1997–2009
Pemasangan	Japan: Okazaki, Aichi (Nagoya Plant, 1996–2008) Thailand: Laem Chabang (MMTh, 2001–2005) China: Beijing (Beijing Benz, 2003–2008) Brazil: Catalão (Mitsubishi Brazil, 2006–2010)
Pengganti	Mitsubishi Endeavor (North America)
Enjin	2.4 L 4G69 I4 (petrol) 3.0 L 6G72 V6 (petrol) 3.5 L 6G74 V6 (petrol) 2.5 L 4D56 I4-T (diesel) 2.8 L 4M40 I4-T (diesel) 3.2 L 4M41 I4-T (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed V5MT1 manual 5-speed INVECS-II semi-automatic 4-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,725 mm (107.3 in)
Panjang	4,620 mm (181.9 in)
Lebar	1,775 mm (69.9 in)
Tinggi	1,735 mm (68.3 in)
Berat Curb	1,845–1,920 kg (4,068–4,233 lb)

Production began in Japan in 1996, and was available for most export markets by 1997, where it was variously known as the Challenger, Pajero Sport in Europe, Montero Sport in North America, South America and the Philippines, Nativa in parts of Latin America, the Caribbean and the Middle East, Shogun Sport in the United Kingdom,^[59] and Strada G-Wagon in Thailand. Based on the Strada pickup truck of the same vintage, sharing many components and some body panels (i.e. front doors), the first-generation Challenger was also built on the second-generation Pajero wheelbase, and served as a smaller model to the larger Pajero.

Like the Pajero, it featured independent front suspension with torsion bars and a live rear axle. In addition to numerous face lifts over the years, there was a major suspension change from rear leaf to coil springs in late 2000. As its popularity increased, local assembly for foreign markets was introduced in China in 2003,^[60] and Brazil in 2006.^[61] Sales were discontinued in Japan in 2003, in North America in 2004 (excluding Canada) where it was sold alongside the Endeavor, where it was superseded by the Endeavor,^[62] and central and western Europe in 2008.^[63] In Japan, it was sold at a specific retail chain called Car Plaza.

The 3-liter V6 is the most commonly used engine; it produces 175 hp (130 kW; 177 PS) at 5,000 rpm.^[64] The North American market received petrol V6 engines during all years of production while a petrol 2.4 liter engine was offered on base models from 1997 through 1999. Markets outside of North America also had a variety of turbodiesel inline-fours (excluding Canada, where inline-fours were also available) to choose between.

Gallery

1998–2000 Mitsubishi Challenger
1998–2000 Mitsubishi Challenger
2000–2004 Mitsubishi Montero Sport (US)
2004–2006 Mitsubishi Shogun Sport Trojan
2004–2006 Mitsubishi Shogun Sport Trojan

Indtil facelift
Facelift (Montero Sport)

Indtil facelift
Facelift (Montero Sport)

=Generasi kedua (2010–2015)

Generasi Kedua (KG/KH/PB; 2010)

Second generation (KG/KH/PB)
Mitsubishi Pajero Sport (Malaysia; pre-facelift)
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Mitsubishi Montero Sport Mitsubishi Nativa Mitsubishi Shogun Sport Mitsubishi Challenger (Australia) Mitsubishi Pajero Dakar (Latin America)
Pengeluaran	2008 (2010–2015)
Pemasangan	Thailand: Laem Chabang (MMTh) Brazil: Catalão (Mitsubishi Brazil) Russia: Kaluga (PCMA Rus)^[65] China: Changsha, Hunan (GAC Mitsubishi) Venezuela: Barcelona (MMC Automotriz, 2013-2015)^[66] Bangladesh: Chittagong (Pragoti) India: Chennai (HM-Mitsubishi)
Enjin	2.4 L 4G69 I4 (petrol) 3.0 L 6B31 V6 (petrol) 3.5 L 6G74 V6 (petrol) 2.5 L 4D56 I4-T (diesel) 3.2 L 4M41 I4-T (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed V5MT1 manual 5-speed INVECS-II with Sport Mode SMART semi-automatic 4-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,800 mm (110.2 in)
Panjang	4,695 mm (184.8 in)
Lebar	1,815 mm (71.5 in)
Tinggi	1,840 mm (72.4 in)

The second-generation of the vehicle, based on the ladder frame chassis of the Triton, was gradually introduced to selected markets (Russia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East) through the autumn of 2008, following its debut at the Moscow International Automobile Salon. The design is partially influenced from the 4.7-litre V8 powered 2001 Pajero Evolution concept car. 2.5- or 3.2-litre diesel and 3.0- or 3.5-litre V6 petrol engines are available as before, while five- or seven-seat interior configurations are offered.^[63]^[67] As with the Triton pickup on which it is based, production of the new Pajero Sport for all markets is concentrated in Thailand.^[68]

In the Philippines and Mexico, the Pajero Sport is officially named as Montero Sport. The Montero Sport mainly competes with the Toyota Fortuner and Chevrolet Trailblazer in the Philippines and several other markets.

In India, the Pajero Sport was imported in CKD kits, to be assembled by Hindustan Motors-Mitsubishi joint venture. It is equipped with a 4D56-T 2.5-litre 8-valve intercooled with a variable geometry turbocharger SOHC diesel engine giving a maximum output of 175 bhp and 400Nm of torque. It weighs 2065 kg and gives out a mileage of 12kmpl.^[69]

In Bangladesh, the Challenger is assembled by state-owned automotive industry Pragoti and sold under the Pajero Sport name.^[70]

Sudden unintended acceleration issue

In 2011, Montero Sport owners in the Philippines reported that their vehicles suffered from sudden unintended acceleration.^[71] Mitsubishi Motors Philippines later responded with a statement saying that they conducted tests on the Montero Sport's electrical systems and found no problems; furthermore, they stated that the accidents related to the issue were more likely caused by human error.^[72]^[73] Owners of Montero Sport affected by the sudden unintended acceleration issue plan to file a class action lawsuit against Mitsubishi Motors Philippines.^[74] The Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) opened an investigation panel to probe the accidents and complaints from 2010 to 2015, and will recommend either a product recall or a total sales ban on the Montero Sport in the country.^[75]

Mitsubishi Pajero Sport (China; pre-facelift)

Mitsubishi Pajero Sport 2.5 GT (Thailand; facelift)

Mitsubishi Challenger (Australia; facelift)

Interior

=Generasi ketiga (2016-Sekarang)

Generasi ketiga (KR/KS/QE/QF; 2016)

Generasi ketiga (KR/KS/QE/QF)
2017 Mitsubishi Pajero Sport GLS (Australia; pre-facelift)
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Mitsubishi Montero Sport Mitsubishi Shogun Sport (United Kingdom)
Pengeluaran	2015 (2016–present)
Pemasangan	Thailand: Laem Chabang (MMTh) Indonesia: Cikarang (MMKI) Russia: Kaluga (PCMA Rus) Bangladesh: Chittagong (Pragoti)
Enjin	3.0 L 6B31 V6 (petrol) 2.4 L 4N15 MIVEC I4-T (diesel) 2.5 L 4D56 I4-T (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed manual^[76] 6-speed manual 5-speed automatic^[76] 8-speed Aisin TL-80SN/TL-80NF automatic
Jarak roda	2,800 mm (110.2 in)
Panjang	4,785–4,825 mm (188.4–190.0 in)
Lebar	1,815 mm (71.5 in)
Tinggi	1,805 mm (71.1 in)
Berat Curb	2,045 kg (4,508 lb)

On August 1, 2015, Mitsubishi Motors unveiled the third-generation Pajero Sport in Thailand and would be released as the 2016 model and would be powered by the new 4N15 2.4L MIVEC engine. Since the third-generation model was unveiled, it has no longer used the Challenger name, and used Pajero Sport/Montero Sport name instead.^[77]

For the Indonesian market, the third-generation Pajero Sport was launched on January 29, 2016 in Jakarta. It was initially built in and imported from Thailand. Since April 2017, it is built and assembled at the Cikarang plant in Bekasi, West Java.

The Pajero Sport/Montero Sport has three engine options. The old 4D56 DI-D common rail produce 136 PS and 324 N⋅m (GLX and Exceed variant in Indonesia)^[78] and 4N15 MIVEC with Variable Geometry Turbo producing 181 PS and 430 NM (Dakar variant in Indonesia and all variants in Thailand and the Philippines) and the 3.0L 6B31 MIVEC V6 petrol engine.

In the Philippines, it is known and marketed as the Montero Sport. As a mass market vehicle, it has added a lot of features compared to its predecessor. The Montero Sport is available in 4 variants: GLX 4x2 (6-speed manual), GLS 4x2 (8-speed automatic), GT 4x2 (8-speed automatic), and GT 4x4 (8-speed automatic). All Variants are powered by a 2.4 MIVEC VGT clean diesel engine.

In Bangladesh, it is marketed as the Pajero Sport and assembled by Pragoti in Chittagong.^[79] It also manufactured the car.^[80]

In the Middle East, it is available with a 6B31 3.0 V6 petrol version.^[81]

In Australia, the Pajero Sport is available in either a five-seater for the base model GLX or GLS and a seven-seater version in the GLS & Exceed. The Pajero Sport only comes in automatic transmission, due to low sales of the manual transmission in the previous generation.^[82]

In the United Kingdom, the Pajero Sport was released as the Shogun Sport and it is also available as a commercial variant without second and third row seats.^[83]

Another feature of it is the Aisin 8-speed automatic which will improve fuel efficiency while not sacrificing in-gear acceleration and also available with 6-speed manual. Other features include a sunroof, dual zone auto air conditioning System, electric seats, leather contoured seats with multi-layer cushioning, all around monitor, all around sensors, 7 seating capacity, G-sensors, multi-info display, support for Apple CarPlay and Android Auto and a touchscreen system with navigation, 6" two-piston front ventilated disc brakes and 6” solid disc brakes.

It is also has a lighter body compared to the predecessor because of the usage of CF plastics which are tough and lightweight and with the help of the 4N15 lightweight alloy block, the whole body has a low center of gravity.

Facelift (QF)

The facelifted third-generation Pajero Sport was launched in Thailand on July 25, 2019 for the 2020 model year. The updated Pajero Sport gets a new front fascia with dual-layer headlight configuration. Engine and transmission remained the same as the outgoing model.^[84] Other notable improvements including Auto Hold parking brake, 8" digital instrument cluster, larger infotainment system and hands free electric tailgate. It was released to overseas markets from October 2019.

=Generasi Chevrolet Trailblazer (1984-Present)

Chevrolet Blazer/Blazer Montana/Trailblazer/GMC Jimmy

Maklumat
Pengilang	General Motors
Tahun model	1983 (1984–Present)
Pengganti	Chevrolet Equinox GMC Envoy (Jimmy) Chevrolet TrailBlazer Chevrolet Captiva (Uruguay)
Kelas	Compact SUV (1982-2005) Mid-size SUV (1994-2001)
Gaya badan	2-door SUV 4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive / four-wheel-drive
Penghantaran	4-speed automatic 5-speed NV3500 manual
Jarak roda	2-door: 100.5 in (2,553 mm) 4-door: 107 in (2,718 mm)

Chevrolet Blazer (4WD model T-10) dan koleganya GMC S-15 Jimmy (4WD model T-15) adalah mid-size SUV dari General Motors. Produksinya dimulai bersamaan versi large-size-nya K5 Blazer dan Jimmy pada tahun 1983 dan diproduksi hingga tahun 2005. Di Amerika, penjualan setelah tahun 2004 dibatasi hanya untuk model 2, model lainnya dijual ke armada pertahanan sampai April 20, 2005. Di pasaran Kanada, model empat pintu-nya Blazer dan Jimmy dijual hingga tahun model 2004 dan untuk dua pintunya hingga tahun 20062005. Dan Digantikan dengan Chevrolet Tahoe (2007-2012)

SUV seri S, dinamakan begitu karena basisnya truk pick up Chevrolet S-10 dan GMC S-15, yang mana diproduksi di Pontiac, Michigan, Linden, New Jersey, Moraine, Ohio, Shreveport, Louisiana, dan São Paulo, Brasil (versi Brazilian berbasis seri S generasi Kedua; meskipun produksinya dihentikan di Amerika, Blazer-blazer baru diproduksi secara lokal di Brasil dengan lembar-lembar baja versi mereka sendiri. Di Amerika Utara, pabrik Moraine hanya memproduksi versi 4 pintu. Untuk versi 2 dan 4 pintunya Linden, yang merupakan pabrik perakitan utama dan merupakan pindahan dari Pontiac, Michigan setelah tahun 1985, dan sekarang merupakan pabrik truck full-size.

=Generasi pertama (1984–1996)

Generasi pertama (1984–1996)

Generasi pertama

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC S-15 Jimmy (1982–1991) GMC Jimmy (1992–94)
Pengeluaran	1982–1996
Tahun model	1983 (1984-1996)
Pemasangan	Linden, New Jersey Shreveport, Louisiana Pontiac, Michigan Moraine, Ohio Valencia, Venezuela (GM Venezuela)^[85]
Gaya badan	2-door SUV 4-door SUV (1991–1994)
Pelantar	GM GMT330 platform
Enjin	Gasoline: 1.95 L (119 cu in) Isuzu LR1 I4 2.0 L (121 cu in) LG2 OHV I4 2.2 L (134 cu in) LN2 I4 2.5 L (151 cu in) LN8/L38 I4 2.8 L (173 cu in) LR2/LL2 V6 4.3 L (262 cu in) LB4/L35 V6 Diesel: 2.2 L (137 cu in) LQ7 I4
Penghantaran	700R4/4L60 (1983–1992) 4L60E (1993–1994) Borg Warner T-5 Getrag (HM)290/5LM60 (1990-92) NV3500 (1993/94)
Jarak roda	2-door: 100.5 in (2,553 mm) 4-door: 107.0 in (2,718 mm)
Panjang	2-door: 170.3 in (4,326 mm) 4-door: 176.8 in (4,491 mm)
Lebar	65.4 in (1,661 mm)
Tinggi	4WD: 64.3 in (1,633 mm)
Berkait	Oldsmobile Bravada (1991–1994) GMC Typhoon Grumman LLV

Chevrolet introduced the S-10 Blazer in 1982 along with its rebadged variant, the GMC S-15 Jimmy, and S-10 pickup truck, the latter replacing the Isuzu-based Chevrolet LUV. The Blazer and Jimmy appeared as 1983 models.

The S-series Blazer and Jimmy did not feature removable hardtops like their full-size counterparts and were only offered in a two-door bodystyle.

Base power was provided by GM's 2.0 L OHV four-cylinder engine, producing 83 hp (62 kW). A 2.8 L, 110 hp (82 kW) V6 was offered as an option (coincidentally this engine was also used in Jeep's competing Cherokee until 1987).

Due to emissions laws, a 1.9 L I4 gasoline engine built by Isuzu was offered as the base model engine in California in place of the 2.0 L engine, while an Isuzu 2.2 L diesel engine (also used in the S-series pickups) producing 58 hp (43 kW) was offered as an option.

The 1.9 and 2.0 L gasoline fours and the 2.2 L diesel were dropped after 1985, replaced by the larger 2.5 L Iron Duke engine. The V6 was refitted with a throttle-body fuel injection system for 1986 in order to improve performance and fuel economy.

In order for it to keep being competitive, the Blazer and Jimmy received a new 4.3 L (262 cu in) V6 option for 1988 (also used with the Astro/Safari vans, short wheelbase G-series vans, and light duty C/K-1500 trucks), based on the Chevrolet Small-Block V8 engine, producing a respectable 150 hp (110 kW). Power output was increased to 160 hp (120 kW) for 1989, while the four-cylinder engine was dropped. The 2.8 L V6 was discontinued after 1990, making the 4.3 L the sole available engine. A 5-speed manual transmission (Getrag 290/Hydramatic 290/5LM60, sourced from the GMT400) was added to the option list, replacing the Borg-Warner T-5.

In March 1990, 4-door versions of the S-10 Blazer and Jimmy were introduced as a 1991 model; the 4-door had a 6.5 in longer wheelbase (2-doors had a 100.5 in wheelbase - six inches (152 mm) longer than the Ford Bronco II) and a one-piece front grille with a painted black insert (1990 2-door S-10 Blazers and Jimmies had the 3-piece grille). This new grille also did away with the separate metal filler panel under the grille, since the grille is taller and took its place. Early production models between March and August 1990 were initially available as a four-wheel drive only; 2WD versions commenced production around Summer 1990. This came just months ahead of the introduction of the Ford Explorer, which replaced the Bronco II; six-and-a-half years after the segment-leading Cherokee debuted with four doors. Snowflake alloy wheels (similar to the ones used on the Chevrolet Astro/GMC Safari) were introduced, either painted charcoal gray or argent silver.

The upscale Oldsmobile Bravada appeared later in the year featuring an All-Wheel-Drive package called "Smart-Trak" (using a BorgWarner 4472 transfer case, shared with the AWD Astro/Safari).

1992 models were similar to 1991s - the only way to tell the difference is the rear back glass (the rear glass does not have any trim to which two black buttons serve as the back glass strut mounting points) and front grille (chrome shell with argent silver inserts). The interior was a carryover from 1991 with the exception of the center console and steering wheel (X-bar style similar to the one used in the GMT400 trucks). Also, the "S-15" name was dropped from the Jimmy. The S10 Blazer also introduced an upscale Tahoe and Sport trim packages, the Tahoe LT, which was rebadged as the LT in 1995 whilst the Tahoe package was renamed as the LS. The Tahoe LT had its own exterior décor with faded lower body lines on the lower rockers along with Tahoe LT badges - this also included an overhead console and keyless remote door locks). Sport package had bigger sway bars, slightly modified suspension and 30x9.5 or optional 31x10.5 tires. Body trim included also black plastic fender flares, front fog lights and spare tire carrier on the tailgate. 1992 was the first model year where the S10 Blazer and Jimmy offered an NP233 electronic transfer case for as a drive train option. This deleted the Manual gear range selector with a 3 position switch located to the left of the gauge cluster in the same location that the rear defrost button would be located on non-electronic transfer-case and 2WD model Blazers and Jimmies (when optioned with the electronic transfer case the defrost button assembly is positioned below the headlight switch). The electronic transfer-case added luxury however there was no neutral position with the electronic transfer case, so the owner's manual stated that the drive shaft had to be removed when the vehicle was being towed. The fuel lines, which were routed on the driver side frame rail to the TBI fuel injectors, were redesigned where the fuel inlets entered the rear of the engine (same as the GMT400). This was phased in because of the L35 option which used a similar fuel line setup. The serpentine accessory drive for the 4.3L motor was modified where the air pump was eliminated and further lightened.

From at least 1991 onward, all S10 Blazers and Jimmies came with four-wheel anti-lock brakes as standard equipment. The first two years of the ABS system had axleshafts with pressed-on ABS toner rings, which were eliminated during the latter half of the 1993 model year (rear ABS control was now done via the vehicle speed sensor). A 5-speed manual transmission remained standard through 1994, but only with the TBI engine. Only the two 4.3 L (262 cu in) engines were offered as options - the base TBI and the CPI (introduced in 1992 for the S-series and Chevrolet Astro minivans; the latter had the "Vortec" logo on the intake plenum).

1993 had a few changes - the center console was raised (with a dual cup holder), and the 4L60E transmission replaced the 700r4. The grille (alongside the S-10 pickup) was revised (which was a chrome-plated version of the base work truck grille found on base S-10 pickups), along with the addition of optional 5-spoke alloy rims (for the 2WD model - basically a copy of the 3rd generation Camaro Z28 15" alloy rim).

Although the second generation S-series pickup debuted in 1994, the S-10 Blazer and Jimmy continued unchanged for that year, with the only significant changes being a third brake light and the discontinuation of the rear spoiler. 1994 was a transition year for many automakers when it came to switching from R-12 Freon to CFC-free R134a refrigerant. The redesigned 1994 S-10 and Sonoma pickups used R134a refrigerant. Despite being nearly identical to the 1993 models, the entire 1994 model year full-size pickup and SUV lineup (C/K, Sierra, Suburban, Yukon, etc.), also used R134a. The 1994 S-10 Blazer and Jimmy seem to have used R-12 until the end of their production run and subsequent replacement with redesigned 1995 models that looked like new-for-1994 pickups.

=Generasi kedua (1997-2006)

Generasi kedua (1997–2006)

Generasi kedua

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Chevrolet TrailBlazer (1999–2001) GMC Jimmy Opel Blazer (Indonesia, 1997-2006)
Pengeluaran	1994–2005 (North America) 1997–2012 (Brazil) 2000–2004 (China) 1997–2006 (Indonesia)
Tahun model	1995 (1997–2006)
Pemasangan	Linden, New Jersey Shreveport, Louisiana Moraine, Ohio São José dos Campos, Brazil (GM Brazil) Valencia, Venezuela (GM Venezuela) Shenyang, China (Jinbei GM) Bekasi, Indonesia (GM Autoworld Indonesia) Oshawa, Ontario, Canada Elabuga, Russia (1996–1998)^[86]
Gaya badan	2-door SUV 4-door SUV
Pelantar	GM GMT330 platform
Enjin	4.3 L (262 cu in) Vortec 4300 V6 2.2 L (134 cu in) GM Family II I4 (Indonesia, Middle East and Brazil only)
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L60-E automatic 5-speed T-5 manual
Panjang	2-Door: 174.7 in (4,437 mm) - 177.3 in (4,503 mm) 4-Door: 181.2 in (4,602 mm) - 188.8 in (4,796 mm)
Lebar	67.8 in (1,722 mm)
Tinggi	64.2–67.0 in (1,631–1,702 mm)
Berkait	Chevrolet TrailBlazer GMC Jimmy GMC Envoy Oldsmobile Bravada Chevrolet S-10 GMC Sonoma Isuzu Hombre

The all-new Blazer was introduced in 1994 as a 1995 model year. This time, it lost the S-10 prefix for simpler identification, as the full-size K5 Blazer was discontinued. (the GMT400-based Blazer was rebadged as the Tahoe; the Tahoe package which was the base trim for past S10s was redesignated as the LS.) The Blazer was Playboy magazine's Truck of the Year for 1995 and was also the unanimous winner of the Motor Trend 1995 Truck of the Year. The '95 Blazer was also awarded North American Truck of the Year at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Exterior and interior size were increased, bumping it up to a mid-sized SUV.^[87] A drivers airbag came, but a passenger airbag wasn't immediately introduced. This Blazer appealed to more customers because of the less rugged appearance and rounded styling, and many storage spaces—a key feature for families. It was available with the 4.3 L V6 engine only, and most models featured four-wheel drive via an electronic transfer case; 1997 was the last year a manual transfer case for 4 wheel drive (floor shifter for 4 wheel drive) was offered. In 1998, the interior and exterior received some cosmetic changes. The makeover offered a new dashboard with larger buttons and more ergonomically correct driving controls, as well as larger door handles, and headrests for the rear bench. A passenger airbag is now standard. A front grille similar to the Chevrolet C/K pickup line's stacked-headlight system replaced the older single-headlight system, similar to the full-size GMT400 trucks. 4 wheel disc brakes became standard equipment, fitted with aluminum dual-piston calipers (the front disc brakes were redesigned with the dual-piston calipers and 11" diameter brake rotors (steering knuckles now have sealed hub assemblies) while the truck models retained the 1978-era single piston disc brakes originally sourced and shared from GM's G-body lineup). In 1999, new folding mirrors replaced the old folding mirrors. 2000 saw new front bumpers and the trim running along the sides and bumpers was removed. For the 2001 model year, the truck received a new center console.

In 1999, Chevrolet introduced a limited edition 'TrailBlazer' appearance package that was available as an upgrade to the LS and LT trims. The package featured gold-accented alloy rims and trim along with several interior/exterior modifications and upgrades and was marketed until the introduction of the GMT360 series for the 2002 model year. The Trailblazer's headlamps, which featured daytime running lamps, would be available on various Blazer models until production ended. Upon introduction of the 2002 Chevrolet TrailBlazer and the GMC Envoy, production continued after their successors came to the market, with the Jimmy being sold only in Canada and, in the 2005 model year, 4-door models sold to vehicle fleets. Another upscale model was the 1998 GMC Envoy. It used the same engines and had many of the same upgrades as the Bravada. The 1998 model Envoy featured an optional upgrade to High Intensity Discharge headlamps, and several other visual modifications. To celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Jimmy nameplate, the Jimmy Diamond Edition was launched. Not too different from the Envoy, it featured leather seats with a diamond pattern, special diamond logos, and an aluminum silver plate along lower sides of the SUV.

At the same time, a Blazer Xtreme (only on the 2-door model) was added to the lineup, based on the S10 Xtreme. This sub-model lasted until 2004.

The second-generation Blazer was officially sold in Taiwan, between 1995 and 1996.

ZR2

The ZR2 package was offered on 2-door and 4-door Blazers. It had a wider ladder-type frame which made its track approximately 3.9 inches wider. It also lifted the Blazer about 3 inches which made it be able to clear 31x10.5 tires on 15 inch wheels. An enhanced front (7.25" ring gear) and rear (8.5" ring gear) axles w/ 3.73:1 rear-axle ratio. Larger wheel and axle bearings. A front anti-sway bar, skid plates, Bilstein shocks, and a beefier rear axle. This package cost a little over $1000 and was first introduced on the S10 pickup in 1994 and carried over to the Blazer in 1996.

IIHS gave a P for poor in the frontal offset crash test.^[88]

Trims and Models

Blazer	Jimmy
Base	SLS Base
LS	SLS Convenience
LT	SLE
TrailBlazer	SLT
Xtreme	Diamond Edition
ZR2 Off-road Trim	Envoy

Blazer/S10 Brazilian/Middle Eastern version
Blazer/S10 Brazilian version with external spare tire bracket
1995–1997 Chevrolet S-10 Blazer 4-door
1995–1997 GMC S-15 Jimmy 2-door
1998 Chevrolet S-10 Blazer
1999–2001 Chevrolet S-10 Blazer with TrailBlazer appearance package
1998–2000 GMC Jimmy with Envoy appearance package
Facelifted 1998-2005 GMC Jimmy
Indonesian built Opel Blazer
Indonesian built Chevrolet Blazer
Russian built Chevrolet Blazer
Chinese built Version
Brazilian built version (facelift)

Second generation engines

1995 - 4.3 L (262 cu in)Vortec 4300 L35 V6, CPFI, 200 hp (149 kW)/260 lb·ft (353 N·m) (VIN W)^[89]
1996–2002 - 4.3 L (262 cu in) Vortec 4300 L35 V6, CSFI, 190 hp (142 kW)/250 lb·ft (339 N·m) (VIN W)^[90]
2002–2005 - 4.3 L (262 cu in) Vortec 4300 LU3 V6, MPFI, 190 hp (142 kW)/250 lb·ft (339 N·m) (VIN X)^[91]
(Middle East only) 1996-2005 - 2.2 L (134 cu in), GM Family II engine I4, MPFI, 138 hp (103 kW)/144 lb·ft (195 N·m)

Indonesian Engines^[92]^[93]

2.2 L (134 cu in) SOHC 8 valve, GM Family II engine (C22NE) I4, MPFI, 117 hp (87 kW)/190 N·m (140 lb·ft) (SLi, Montera (LN, LS, LV, Sport, XR))
2.2 L (134 cu in) DOHC 16 valve, GM Family II engine (Z22XE) I4, MPFI, 142 hp (106 kW)/205 N·m (151 lb·ft) (LT)

Brazilian Engines

1996-2001 - 2.2 L (134 cu in), GM Family II engine I4, MPFI, 106 hp (79 kW)/144 lb·ft (195 N·m)
2001-2011 - 2.4 L (145 cu in), GM Family II engine I4, MPFI, 128 hp (95 kW)/158 lb·ft (214 N·m)
1996-2001 - 4.3 L (262 cu in), Vortec 4300 V6, 180 hp (134 kW)/250 lb·ft (339 N·m)
2001-2005 - 4.3 L (262 cu in), Vortec 4300 V6, 192 hp (143 kW)/250 lb·ft (339 N·m)
1996-2011 - 2.8 L (170 cu in), MWM Sprint 2.8 Turbo Diesel I4, 140 hp (104 kW)/250 lb·ft (339 N·m)

=Generasi ketiga (2007-2012)

Generasi Ketiga

GMT900

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Yukon Chevrolet Tahoe 4WD Special Service Chevrolet Tahoe 2WD PPV
Pengeluaran	December 1, 2005–2014
Tahun model	2007-2014 2007-2012 (ASEAN)
Pemasangan	United States: Arlington, Texas (Arlington Assembly); Janesville, Wisconsin (Janesville Assembly) (2006-2009) China: Shanghai (Shanghai GM) Russia: Kaliningrad (Avtotor)^[94]^[95] Venezuela: Valencia, Carabobo (Valencia)^[94]^[96]
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Pelantar	GMT921/922 (GMT920)
Enjin	4.8 L LY2 V8 (gasoline) 5.3 L LY5 V8 (gasoline) 5.3 L LMG V8 (gasoline / E85) 6.0 L LFA V8 (hybrid gasoline / electric ) 6.0 L LZ1 V8 (hybrid gasoline / electric) 6.2 L L92 V8 (gasoline) 6.2 L L9H V8 (gasoline / E85) 6.2 L L94 V8 (gasoline / E85)
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L60-E automatic 6-speed 6L80 automatic 4-speed automatic CVT 2ML70
Jarak roda	116.0 in (2,946 mm)
Panjang	202.0 in (5,131 mm)
Lebar	79.0 in (2,007 mm)
Tinggi	74.6-77.0 in (1895–1956 mm)
Berkait	Chevrolet Suburban GMC Yukon XL Cadillac Escalade
Pereka bentuk	Wayne Cherry (2002)

General Motors redesigned the Tahoe and Yukon on the new GMT900 platform in late 2005 as a 2007 model. A hybrid version of the Tahoe/Yukon, which uses the shared GM/Chrysler Advanced Hybrid System 2, followed with the 2008 models. The GMT900 based Tahoe and Yukon exceeded initial sales expectations and continued to sell well despite a weakening market for large SUVs. The short-wheelbase Tahoe and its police counterpart began production at Arlington Assembly on December 1, 2005. SWB Yukon production began in early 2006, with Janesville Assembly coming online as well. For the first time, GM used the Tahoe name in Mexico. For 2007, the GMC Yukon and Chevrolet Tahoe received different front fascias, hood, and tail lights. The GMC Yukon boasted a monolithic grille and headlights, while the Chevrolet Tahoe grille was divided by a body-colored bar similar to the chrome bar found on the GMT800 Tahoe. Both the redesigned Yukon and Tahoe featured a more angular design that gave the vehicles a more upscale appearance than their predecessors. The interior was significantly redesigned as well, features a faux wood trim dashboard with chrome-accented instrument controls. New door panels, as well as new seats, were also added to the interior it still retains its nine-passenger seating availability on LS and SLE models only like the Chevy Suburban and GMC Yukon XL. Highway mileage was improved from 19 mpg_‑US (12 L/100 km; 23 mpg_‑imp) to 21 hingga 22 mpg_‑US (11 hingga 11 L/100 km; 25 hingga 26 mpg_‑imp) with the addition of Active Fuel Management cylinder deactivation. For 2009, the 6.2 L engine in the Yukon Denali got a power increase to 403 hp (301 kW), while a 395 hp (295 kW) 6.2 L was added as an option for the Tahoe LTZ. A 6-speed 6L80 automatic transmission replaced the 4-speed on all trucks except 2WD models with the 4.8 L engine. The 2011 model has a NHTSA rollover risk of 24.6%,^[97] and a lateral roadholding of 0.79g.^[98] In 2008, a two mode hybrid was offered with two trim levels, HY1 or HY2. A 332 hp (248 kW) 6.0L Vortec 6000 with a pair of 80-hp, 184 ft.-lb. torque electric motors was offered. It had a 0.36 to 0.34 drag coefficient from upgraded body panels and a 12V/300V battery system. The hybrid models also included 300V Electric AC, 42V power steering, and LED taillights (only an option in 2008-13). During the 2009 model year, LTZ models had the option of the 405 hp (302 kW) 6.2L Vortec 6200. The option was dropped after only one model year.^[99] 2010 models underwent a mild mid-cycle refresh including a slightly raised bumper, removal of the GM "Mark of Excellence" door badge, revised interior door trim, improved side structure, side torso airbags and optional side blind zone alert. For 2012, the GMC Yukon offered a special Heritage Edition package, featuring unique Heritage Edition exterior badging, embroidered color-keyed carpeted floor mats, embroidered headrests, SLT-2 Equipment Group standard features (such as 10-way memory leather seats and power liftgate), and optional 20-inch wheels. The Heritage Edition added $1,970 to the price of the Yukon and Yukon XL and was offered in three colors, Heritage Blue, White Diamond Tricoat and Onyx Black.^[100] === The Apprentice make-your-own-ad contest === In 2006, the 2007 Tahoe was featured on and promoted through Donald Trump's TV series, The Apprentice, where the two teams put together a show for the top General Motors employees to learn about the new Tahoe. Also, The Apprentice sponsored a controversial online contest in which anyone could create a 30-second commercial for the new Tahoe by entering text captions into the provided video clips; the winner's ad would air on national television. An early example of user-generated marketing, headed by ad agency Campbell Ewald, the campaign began to backfire when hundreds of environmentally conscious parodies flooded YouTube and Chevy's website critiquing the vehicle for its low gas mileage. Over 400 negative ads were created in total; however, over 20,000 positive ads were created which Chevrolet viewed as successful,^[101] despite the negative media attention.^[102] === Engines === {| class="wikitable" |- !Year !Engine !Power !Torque !Notes |- |2007–2009||Vortec 4.8 V8||295 hp (220 kW)||305 lb·ft (414 N·m)|| |- |- |2006–2014||Vortec 5.3 V8||320 hp (239 kW)||340 lb·ft (461 N·m)|| |- |- |- |2006–2014||Vortec 5.3 V8||326 hp (243 kW)||348 lb·ft (472 N·m)|| 326/348ftlb Flex Fuel E85, 320 hp/340ftlb Gas Fuel |- |2008–2009||6.0 L Vortec 6000 V8||332 hp (248 kW)||367 lb·ft (498 N·m)||Hybrid; Two 80HP(60 kW) electric motors 184 ft.-lb (249 N⋅m) VVT. Combined output of the gas and electric motors totals 379 hp/472 ft-lb(640 N⋅m) Torque |- |2010–2013||6.0 L Vortec 6000 V8||332 hp (248 kW)||367 lb·ft (498 N·m)|| Hybrid |- |2009–2011||6.2 L Vortec 6200 V8||405 hp (302 kW)||417 lb·ft (565 N·m)||FlexFuel; standard on 4WD models |- |- |2008–2009||6.2 L Vortec 6200 V8||395 hp (295 kW)||417 lb·ft (565 N·m)|| Tahoe LTZ Trim option |- |2011-2014||6.2 L Vortec 6200 V8||403 hp (301 kW)||417 lb·ft (565 N·m)||Yukon Denali VVT |}

=Generasi keempat (2012-Present)

Generasi keempat (2012-present)

Chevrolet TrailBlazer

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Holden Colorado 7 (New Zealand) Holden Trailblazer (Australia)
Pengeluaran	2012–present (Brazil) 2012–2020 (Thailand)
Pemasangan	Thailand: Rayong (GM Thailand) Brazil: São José dos Campos (GM do Brasil)
Pelantar	GMT31XX
Enjin	3.6 L LFX V6 (gasoline) 2.5 L Duramax I4-T (diesel) 2.8 L Duramax I4-T (diesel)
Penghantaran	6-speed manual 6-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,845 mm (112.0 in)
Panjang	4,887–4,952 mm (192.4–195.0 in)
Lebar	2,132 mm (83.9 in)
Tinggi	1,848–1,852 mm (72.8–72.9 in)
Berkait	Chevrolet Colorado Isuzu MU-X

The second generation (stylised as Trailblazer instead of TrailBlazer) was unveiled as a concept at the 2011 Dubai Motor Show, and as a production model at the Bangkok Motor Show on March 21, 2012.^[103] As is the case with the original K5 Blazer (1969–1994), Tahoe (since 1995), Suburban (since 1935) and S-10 Blazer (1983–2005), the second-generation Trailblazer is based on a truck frame, namely the second generation Colorado.

The second generation Trailblazer is built in Thailand and in Brazil.^[104] It is currently being sold in some of the Southeast Asian countries, India, South Africa, Saudi Arabia and sold in Australia as the Holden Colorado 7 from 2012 to 2016, and being rebadged as the Trailblazer in 2017. The first-generation Isuzu MU-X also shared the platform with the second-generation Trailblazer.^[105]

Engines

The second generation Trailblazer comes with three engine options, two of them are diesels, one featuring a Duramax 2.5 L that produces 110–132.5 kW (148–178 hp; 150–180 PS) and 350–440 N·m (260–320 lb·ft) of torque as standard, and an optional Duramax 2.8 L that produces 132.5–147 kW (178–197 hp; 180–200 PS) and 470–500 N·m (350–370 lb·ft) of torque. For the Brazilian, South African and Saudi markets, the 3.6 L V6 gasoline engine option that produces 178 kW (239 hp; 242 PS) (in Brazilian market, the 2015 version producing 208 kW (279 hp; 283 PS)) and 360 N·m (270 lb·ft) of torque is also available.

The 2.8 L diesel engine have several new parts, namely a new water-cooled variable-geometry turbocharger, a new high-pressure common-rail fuel delivery system, a new exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system, a new intake manifold, a new cylinder head, a new cylinder block, a new balance shaft unit and a new Engine Control Module (ECM).^[106]

Holden Colorado 7/Trailblazer

Launched in 2012, the Holden Colorado 7, like the Trailblazer, is based on the same under pinnings as the regular Colorado, however bodywork from the A-pillar back is entirely different. Instead the Colorado 7 takes on the form of a large SUV with an enclosed roof, tailgate and 7-seats. The Colorado 7 is powered by the same VM Motori 2.8 L turbodiesel engine and unlike the Colorado, the rear suspension is a five-link system connected to coil springs but retains the live axle.^[107]

The range consists of two trim levels; LT and LTZ. Standard equipment for all Colorado 7s includes cruise control, body-coloured bumpers, side steps, front fog lights, aluminium roof rails, rear parking sensors (in addition to the rear camera), Bluetooth phone connectivity, USB input, roof mounted climate control vents for second and third rows and a leather-wrapped steering wheel with multifunction controls. The LTZ adds 18-inch wheels, projector headlights, exterior chrome highlights, leather seats, a premium sounds system, a six-way adjustable driver's seat, higher grade interior trim elements and LED tail-lights.^[107]

At its first model update in 2016, the Colorado 7 was renamed to Trailblazer.^[108]

The model went off line in India, because of low sales and General Motors withdrawal in the country in 2017.

Sales

Calendar Year	Thailand
2014	2,855^[109]
2015	1,592^[110]
2016	1,185^[111]
2017	1,150^[112]
2018	2,196
2019	3,091

=External

External links

Official website (US) di Wayback Machine (arkib index)
Official website (Thailand)
Official website (Indonesia)
2002–2009 Chevrolet TrailBlazer: Overview di Wayback Machine (diarkibkan 2012-03-26)
GMTNation: Chevrolet TrailBlazer & GMC Envoy Help Resource Site

Templat:Chevrolet Truck Templat:Chevrolet vehicles Templat:Holden Templat:Holden vehicles

=Generasi Isuzu Mux (1981-Present)

Isuzu MU-X

Maklumat
Pengilang	Isuzu Motors
Pengeluaran	2013–present
Pendahulu	Isuzu MU-7/Alterra
Kelas	Mid-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Front-engine, four-wheel drive
Berkait	Isuzu D-Max

The Isuzu MU-X It is a mid-size SUV produced by Isuzu Motors. It is a three-row body-on-frame SUV based on the Isuzu D-Max, and the successor to the Isuzu MU-7.

=Generasi Pertama Isuzu Mux (Trooper/Bighorn) (1981-1990)

First generation (1981–1990)

First generation

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Isuzu Rodeo Bighorn Isuzu Bighorn Holden Jackaroo Chevrolet Trooper SsangYong Korando Family (South Korea) Subaru Bighorn Isuzu Caribe 442 (Venezuela)
Pengeluaran	1981–1990 1983–2002 (India)
Gaya badan	3/5-door SUV 2-door utility roadster
Enjin	Petrol: 1949 cc G200Z I4 (UBS13) 2255 cc 4ZD1 I4 (UBS16) 2559 cc 4ZE1 I4 (UBS17) 2837 cc LH7/LL2 V6 Diesel: 2238 cc C223 I4 (UBS52) 2238 cc C223T turbodiesel I4 (UBS52) 2771 cc 4JB1 I4 (UBS55) 2771 cc 4JB1-T turbodiesel I4 (UBS55)
Penghantaran	4-speed Isuzu MSG manual 5-speed Isuzu MSG manual 5-speed Isuzu MUA5C manual 4-speed Aisin Warner automatic
Jarak roda	3-door: 2,300 mm (90.6 in) 5-door: 2,650 mm (104.3 in)
Panjang	SWB: 4,075 mm (160.4 in) LWB: 4,380 mm (172.4 in)
Lebar	1,650 mm (65.0 in)
Tinggi	1,800–1,830 mm (70.9–72.0 in)

The first-generation Trooper was available as a three-door wagon or a soft top with independent front suspension. Soon, a five-door version of the long wheelbase model appeared. The soft-top model sold slowly and did not last long. In the Japanese market, the car was originally introduced as the "Isuzu Rodeo Bighorn", but the "Rodeo" part of the name was soon dropped. Early engines included a 1.95-liter gasoline and a 73 PS (54 kW) 2.2-liter diesel, lightly powered even by early 1980s standards for the vehicle's 3,700 lb (1,678 kg) empty weight. The four-wheel-drive system was engaged by operating a three-position shifter adjacent to the transmission shifter. Both Aisin manual-locking and Isuzu's own auto-locking hubs were employed.

1981 Isuzu Trooper (United Kingdom & ASEAN)

In 1986, Isuzu introduced the 4ZD1 four-cylinder 112 PS (82 kW; 110 hp) 2.3-liter petrol engine. Apart from higher power, changes to the previous engine included a Kevlar timing belt replacing the previous chain, and a larger two-barrel carburetor. This engine eventually proved somewhat problematic with a high incidence of burned valves due to poor coolant flow design of the overhead cam/valve head with mechanical lifters.^{[perlu rujukan]} A later head casting improvement by an Italian firm corrected this problem through improved coolant flow. Also available only for 1986 in the US was the 87 PS (64 kW) 2.2-liter C223T turbocharged diesel engine, using a Garrett turbocharger. It was not a popular option because of the low power generated, and furthermore is notorious for a weak bottom end, the connecting rods not originally designed for the increased thermal and mechanical stress of forced induction. Because of those problems, Isuzu North America changed to the 4ZE1 for 1988 and used the standard 2.8-liter GM V6 for 1989 until their own new V6 engines could be manufactured.

In 1987, the rectangular headlights were introduced. For 1988, Isuzu introduced a 120 hp (89 kW) 2.6-liter (4ZE1) I-TEC fuel-injected engine for the US market. In 1989, an optional General Motors 2.8-liter pushrod V6 borrowed from the Chevrolet S-10 pickup was also available. Later first-generation models offered an optional four-speed automatic transmission. Models from 1988 to 1991 were equipped with live rear axles and four-wheel disc brakes.

Overseas model engines included the Isuzu C223 (2238 cc), C223T (a turbocharged version of the same) and in the late 80s naturally aspirated and turbocharged 2.8-liter 4JB1 diesel versions, all straight-four engines. The turbocharged 2.8-liter originally produced 95 PS (70 kW), not much more than the 87 PS (64 kW) of the considerably smaller C223T due to new stricter emissions standards. Later versions with intercoolers fitted offered as much as 115 PS (85 kW).^[113]

In 1989 only, a short-wheelbase (90-inch) Isuzu Trooper was imported to the US market as the Trooper RS. All of these short wheelbase Troopers were equipped with 2.6-liter fuel-injected inline-four engines, 4.77:1 differential gears and 15×7-inch aluminium alloy "snowflake" pattern wheels. Automatic and manual transmissions were offered.

In Central America, Troopers were offered with removable roofs and a higher wheel clearance. Powertrain options included the Isuzu 2.8-liter turbo diesel.

The Trooper was also sold in Australia and New Zealand as the Holden Jackaroo, named after an Australian slang term for a young man working on a sheep or cattle station. The standard Trooper was also sold under the Isuzu nameplate in New Zealand only. In Indonesia, where it was locally assembled by Garmak Motors, it was sold as the Chevrolet Trooper. Around 1987 a two-wheel-drive version called the Chevrolet Stallion was developed there; it has the Trooper's body on the chassis of a rear-wheel-drive Chevrolet LUV. It also has a rigid front axle instead of the Trooper's independent design. There was also a locally developed SUV model of the Isuzu Pickups built in the early 1980s called the Holden Lincah and Holden Raider. While similar to a Trooper in many ways it was a simpler vehicle and has bodywork partially made of fibreglass. In Venezuela was known as Caribe 442.

In 1988 SsangYong Motors started licensed production of the Isuzu Trooper and sold it as the Korando Family.^[114] It was only marketed in South Korea, Scandinavia, Southeast Asia and to a lesser degree South America. It used the same 2.2-liter diesel engine (Korean-built units being called "DC23" rather than C223) but as of September 1991 the naturally aspirated Peugeot 2.5-liter XD3P diesel engine also became available.^{[perlu rujukan]} Isuzu's fuel injected 2.6-liter petrol engine was also installed, beginning in July 1991. In August 1994 the Korando Family received a facelift, becoming the "New Family" in the process. This also meant that all previous engine options were replaced by a 2.3-liter Mercedes-Benz OM601 diesel engine. The Family was discontinued in 1996, as the next generation Korando was presented.

=Generasi kedua Isuzu Mux (Trooper/Bighorn) (1991-2003)

Second generation (1991–2003)

Second generation

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Isuzu Bighorn Acura SLX Chevrolet Trooper Holden Jackaroo Holden Monterey Honda Horizon HSV Jackaroo Opel Monterey Subaru Bighorn Vauxhall Monterey
Pengeluaran	1991–2003
Pemasangan	Philippines: Biñan^[115] Malaysia: Pekan^[116]
Gaya badan	3-door SUV 5-door SUV
Enjin	3.2 L 6VD1 SOHC V6 3.2 L 6VD1 DOHC V6 (UBS25) 3.5 L 6VE1 DOHC V6 (UBS26) 3.0 L 4JX1 T D I4 (UBS73) 3.1 L 4JG2 T D I4 (UBS69)
Penghantaran	4-speed automatic 5-speed manual
Jarak roda	3-door: 91.7 in (2,329 mm) 5-door: 108.7 in (2,761 mm)
Panjang	3-door: 166.7 in (4,234 mm) 5-door: 183.5 in (4,661 mm)
Lebar	1992–94: 68.7 in (1,745 mm) 1995–97: 72.2 in (1,834 mm)
Tinggi	1992–94: 72.8 in (1,849 mm) 1995–97: 72.2 in (1,834 mm)

In 1991 for the 1992 model year, Isuzu completely redesigned the Trooper to keep pace with changes in the SUV marketplace, making it larger, more powerful, and more luxurious. These 4,155 lb (1,885 kg) vehicles used a 3.2 L 177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) (SOHC) petrol engine or 3.2-liter dual overhead cam (DOHC) version rated at 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp). A SOHC 3.2-liter engine producing 193 PS (142 kW; 190 hp) was introduced in 1996, replacing the earlier DOHC engine in selected export markets. Most models still used a part-time four-wheel-drive system, which required stopping the vehicle to engage and disengage the front axle. Starting in model year 1996, some Troopers came with a "shift-on-the-fly" engagement system.

From 1992, the UBS series was available with a pushrod overhead valve (OHV) 3.1-liter inline-four engine intercooled turbo diesel (designated "4JG2") producing 114 PS (84 kW; 112 hp) at 3600 rpm, and 260 N·m (192 lb·ft) at 2000 rpm. It was offered as a more rugged and fuel-efficient option for towing and heavy-duty operation, relative to the standard 3.2-liter petrol. The diesel-powered Jackaroo was available with a five-speed manual transmission and manual front hubs only coupled to a part-time four-wheel drive system with open front and limited slip rear differentials. The 3.2-liter V6 petrol engine version was also available with an optional four-speed automatic transmission with automatic locking front hubs. The same diesel engine was also available in the UK and other markets with a belt-driven overhead camshaft, which developed slightly more power. After 1998, and the introduction of the "4JX1" 3.0-liter diesel engine, a four-speed automatic transmission was made available in addition to the five-speed manual transmission.

The Australian version of the UBS-series was sold as the Holden Jackaroo/Monterey. In July 1993, Holden Special Vehicles also launched 79 HSV Jackaroo models, which were just a cosmetic upgrade to Holden donor powered by the same 3.2-liter 177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) (SOHC) petrol engine. Around the same period, Isuzu and Honda established a working relationship^[117] that saw Honda sell a rebadged Trooper. The car was thus sold in Japan as the Honda Horizon (1994 to 1999) and in the United States as the Acura SLX (1996 to 1999).

Beginning in 1998, the US-spec Trooper became equipped with a DOHC 3.5-liter engine producing 215 hp (160 kW; 218 PS). European and Asian buyers could opt for the diesel engine option of the 4JG2 3.1-liter (later superseded by the 4JX1 3.0-liter of 159 PS atau 117 kW). A Borg-Warner torque-on-demand ("TOD") all-wheel-drive system was introduced, along with freshened styling. The grille was redesigned again for the 2000 model year.

Transmission options included a five-speed manual transmission, the Aisin AR5^[118] and the electronically controlled 4L30E four-speed automatic. The 4l30E was fitted with both a "power" shift feature allowing the gearbox to take better advantage of the engine's power by adjusting the shifting nature and a "winter" mode permitting third gear starts for added stability in slippery conditions.^[119] The 2000 to 2002 Trooper included a feature called "Grade Logic" which allowed the transmission to automatically downshift on steep grades in order to slow the vehicle down.

The suspension consisted of a fully independent torsion bar front suspension, and a multilink coil sprung rear suspension integrated with a solid rear axle.

While US-spec Troopers came only equipped with five seats, elsewhere in the world a seven-seater version was also offered. Optional on all models was a rear limited slip differential. In the US the three-door RS model was sold only from 1993 to 1995. The Trooper LS and S models offered 117.8 ka³ (3,340 L) cargo space, while Limited models had 112.3 ka³ (3,180 L).

In 2002, the Trooper was discontinued in the United States in favor of the smaller Axiom and the larger GM-produced Isuzu Ascender, a re-badged GMC Envoy.

A Trooper with the 16-valve 159 PS (117 kW; 157 hp) 3.0-litre 4JX1-TC engine was sold in the Philippines from 2002 until model year 2005. Known as the Skyroof Edition, it came in a rear-wheel-drive configuration with anti-lock brakes, a limited slip differential, billet-type radiator grille, and large power moonroof. Other standard options included leather seats, wood trim, and a VCD entertainment system. It was later succeeded by the Isuzu Alterra.

Acura SLX

The "Acura SLX" was a lightly upgraded and re-badged Isuzu Trooper sold by the Acura division of Honda from 1995 to 1999, as 1996 to 1999 year models. Sold only in the United States, the SLX was later replaced by the Acura MDX in 2001.

The SLX omitted some of the options available on Troopers from concurrent model years, including the manual transmission and certain engines. From 1996 to 1997 the SLX was only available with the 3.2-litre SOHC or DOHC V6 engine, switching to the new 3.5-litre DOHC V6 engine in 1998. The SLX received a restyled front end for the 1998 model year, but continued to sell poorly and was ultimately discontinued after 1999. It is said that sales were affected by bad press when the 1996 to 1997 models were rated "Not Acceptable" by Consumer Reports for their tendency to roll over during testing (see Rollover Controversy, below). Autotrader says it has a 3-star safety rating (Front and Passenger) and the base entry price was $36,300.

Monterey

In Europe, the Trooper/Big Horn was sold in Europe as an Opel from 1992 to 1999. Called the Monterey, the plate lasted until 1999 on the continent (as an Opel) and from 1994 to 1998 in Great Britain, where the Vauxhall badge was used, but it was not a strong seller and was withdrawn from sale a year before the Opel version on the continent. The Monterey name also saw use by Holden in Australia, at first (from 1994) as the top equipment level (V6 only) for what was there called the Jackaroo, but later as a standalone nameplate for the more luxurious part of the range.

Rollover controversy

The second-generation Trooper received negative press in the United States when the 1995–1997 models were rated "Not Acceptable" by Consumer Reports for an alleged tendency to roll over under testing.^[120] In response to a petition from the publication's publisher, Consumers Union, the National Highway Traffic Administration conducted its own tests and found no issue that could lead to a need for a recall.^[120]^[121] However, Isuzu suggested that the magazine's claims had hurt sales of the vehicle.^[122]

After the release of the NHTSA report, Isuzu filed a lawsuit against Consumers Union seeking $242 million in damages, claiming that during Consumer Reports's tests the steering wheel had been twisted more sharply than "a driver is willing or able to make in response to an unexpected event.^[121] The judge in the suit, Richard Paez, determined that because Isuzu had engaged in an extensive public relations campaign to refute the claims prior to filing suit, it was considered a public figure, raising the standard for defamation from a simple preponderance of evidence that the report was false to "clear and convincing evidence" that Consumer Reports published the article knowing it was false or with reckless disregard for whether it was true or false.^[123] The defamation suit went to a jury, which found that eight of the 17 statements in the report questioned by Isuzu were false, with one displaying "reckless disregard" for the truth on the part of Consumer Reports magazine, but that Isuzu was not damaged by that statement.^[124]^[125] Two of the ten jurors on the panel did not believe the magazine believed that the other seven statements were untruthful when they published them.^[124] Consequently, the full jury panel did not award Isuzu monetary damages for the alleged damage to its reputation and lost sales.^[124] Isuzu calculated the total cost of the Consumer Reports claims at $244 million.^[126] As Isuzu was denied damages on all counts, the formal court judgement in favor of Consumers Union entered by Paez required Isuzu to pay CU's "reasonable costs" of defending itself against the suit, not including attorney's fees.^[127]

=Generasi ketiga Isuzu MU-X (MU-7) (2004-2012)

Isuzu MU-7

Isuzu MU-7 (510)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Isuzu Alterra (Philippines)
Pengeluaran	2004–2012
Pemasangan	Thailand: Samut Prakan (Isuzu Motors (Thailand) Co., Ltd.) Philippines: Biñan, Laguna (Isuzu Philippines)
Pendahulu	Isuzu Wizard
Pengganti	Isuzu MU-X
Kelas	Mid-size SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Front-engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	3.0 L I4 4JJ1-TC (t/c diesel) (2004 - 2013) 3.0 L I4 4JJ1-TCX (t/c diesel) (2007 - 2013)
Penghantaran	MUA-5H 5-Speed manual MaxMatic-II 4-Speed automatic (2004 - 2006) MUX 5-speed manual MaxMatic-III 4-Speed automatic transmission (2007 - 2013)
Jarak roda	3,050 mm (120.1 in)
Panjang	4,955 mm (195.1 in)
Lebar	1,800 mm (70.9 in)
Tinggi	1,805 mm (71.1 in)

The Isuzu MU-7 is an Isuzu D-Max pickup-based wagon with a seven-seat arrangement. The MU-7 was released in Thailand during November 2004.^[128] as the "Sport Utility Wagon" and received advertising.

The MU-7 has the same front fascia as the D-Max but has a covered rear end instead of a truck bed. It is only available in some countries of Southeast Asia. In the Philippines, this model is called the Isuzu Alterra.

Since the early launch, the drivetrain choices are 4x2 and 4x4. All come with one engine: the 3.0 4JJ1-TC DDi iTEQ engine.

Special suspension set which exclusively reserved for all MU-7 is called MOVE suspension. Front: double wishbone, torsion bar, anti-roll bar, gas-type shock absorber. Rear: SUV-type leaf springs via gas-type shock absorber.

In the late third quarter of 2006, the MU-7 range of models was updated and separated as Primo (4x2) and Activo (4x4). With a new 3.0 4JJ1-TCX DDi iTEQ, new transmissions were implemented as well: MUX five-speed manual and MaxMatic-III automatic transmission. Also new was the interior, incorporating a console with wood decoration and new "best" seat upholstery.

And just as for the Gold Series and D-Max, both MU-7 Primo GS and Activo GS also receive gold Isuzu badges in 3 locations. GS models also come equipped with a new navigation entertainment system incorporating a new reverse assist (with the camera from Kenwood), all optional since early 2008. Primo and Activo received Wide Vision blind-spot rear view mirror. Also added was the additional new low-cost 4x2 model, the S (with DDI ITEQ 3.0-litre (146 PS)), which is priced below the Primo.

MU-7 Platinum models commenced on the market by 1 November 2008. Frontal changed a bit by platinum tone. Revamped fenders and side trims (by lower tone). But emphasized much in inner accessories. Such as new DVD/VCD/MP3/DiVX player with 2 USB slots via 2 units of 8.1' touch-screen (one at the console and one at the second-row ceiling), built-in Bluetooth and Graphic Equalizer function. All this applied to Highline Primo and Activo models. All models also received platinum painted engines. MOVE suspension for Activo and Primo also retooled. S model receives automatic transmission as optional.

MU-7 Super Platinum models were introduced in the same month as D-Max. Exterior fitted newer front bumper, newer style alloy wheels (except S), newer blind spot rear view mirrors, and newer choice of exterior colors. Models with 3.0 VGS Turbo also received light silver decorations at the scoop rim. Interior featuring new Giallo Walnut wood decorations by console and transmission base. Primo and Activo models equipped with i-GENii (Genius Exploring Network Interactive Intelligence) GPS touchscreen navigation system as standard equipment; with a Thai language menu and Thai voice assistance. Users can always update the database/map.

In April 2011, MU-7 "Choiz" was revealed at the Bangkok Motor Show, with new alloy wheels and small changes to the interior.

In December 2011, the MU-7 "Choiz" was facelifted, with new alloy wheels. Available in 4WD, 2WD 3000 VGS Turbo (4JJ1-TCX 3000cc Diesel Turbo Engine) and 2WD 3000 Ddi (4JJ1-TC 3000cc Diesel Turbo Engine)

=Generasi keempat Isuzu MU-X (2013-2019)

Generasi keempat (RF; 2013)

fourth generation (RF10/20)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	2013–present (RF10) 2017–present (RF20)
Pemasangan	Thailand: Samut Prakan (Isuzu Motors Thailand) India: Sri City (Isuzu Motors India) China: Jiangxi (Jiangxi Isuzu Motors)
Enjin	1.9 L RZ4E-TC I4 (diesel) 2.5 L 4JK1-TCX I4 (diesel) 3.0 L 4JJ1-TCX I4 (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed manual 5-speed automatic 6-speed manual 6-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,845 mm (112.0 in)
Panjang	4,825 mm (190.0 in)
Lebar	1,860 mm (73.2 in)
Tinggi	1,840 mm (72.4 in)
Berkait	Isuzu D-Max (RT) Chevrolet Colorado Chevrolet Trailblazer

The MU-X had its world premiere in Thailand on 31 October 2013 and sold on 6 November 2013. The MU-X is a product from the collaboration between General Motors and Isuzu. As the result, it shared its platform with the Chevrolet Trailblazer/Holden Colorado. Due to an agreement with GM, the Trailblazer was released prior to MU-X.

In Australia, it was launched in December 2013. To date, the MU-X has been sold only in Thailand, Australia, Paraguay, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, China and India.^{[perlu rujukan]} Isuzu Motors has plans to market it overseas in 50 countries. In December 2013, the MU-X was showcased at the 2013 Tokyo Motor Show, but it is not sold in Japan. The concept of the MU-X is the car's name itself as an acronym, which is derived from the claim that the car "Makes U eXciting".

Markets

Thailand

In Thailand, the MU-X was available in three trim levels, being: Base (CD), Standard (DVD) and High (DVD Navi).

CD and DVD-trim levels are available with the 2.5-litre engine. These trims are called the 2.5 VGS CD and 2.5 VGS DVD respectively. when equipped with the 5-speed automatic (or 5-Speed Manual, which is 4x2 only). The DVD Navi trim level is available with both the 2.5- and 3.0-litre engines, with the 2.5-litre engine, it is called 2.5 VGS DVD Navi, In 3.0-litre engine with automatic transmission, it is badged as 3.0 VGS DVD Navi.

The 4x4 (which is 5-speed automatic only) is solely available in the 3.0 VGS DVD Navi trim level.^[129]

Philippines

On 9 September 2014, Isuzu Philippines Corporation launched the MU-X to retire the Alterra. It was available in 3 trim levels, LS, LS-M and LS-A. However, only the 2.5-litre engine has been made available due to fuel quality concerns. The two lower variants were only available in 2WD and Manual Transmission while the High LS-A can be had in 2WD or 4WD with Terrain Command.^[130]

In October 2015, Isuzu Philippines Corporation introduced the 3.0-litre 4JJ1-TC engine with an output of 163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) and 380 N·m (280 lbf·ft) of torque. This engine differs from the global 3.0-litre engine as it is still Euro II compliant and produces less power than the 4JJ1-TCX. Apart from the new engine, a chrome tailpipe finisher, 3.0 TD chrome emblem and daytime running lights are fitted as standard on the 3.0-litre models to differentiate them from the 2.5 models.^[131]

In September 2017, as part of the 20th anniversary of Isuzu Philippines Corporation, the heavily revised Isuzu MU-X debuted in the Philippines. The Philippine-spec Isuzu MU-X gets similar features from its Thai-spec model. It gets the newer 3.0-litre 4JJ1-TCX with Blue Power, Euro IV compliant. This new engine also powers the 2018 D-Max.^[132]

China

In China, MU-X was launched in May 2015 and was produced by Jiangxi Isuzu Motors.^[133]

Facelift (RF20)

On 14 February 2017, the facelifted MU-X was revealed in a teaser video and website.^[134] The facelifted MU-X (codename RF20), debuted on 4 March 2017 prior to the Bangkok International Motor Show. This facelift including integrated LED front and tail lights, improved interior quality with the addition of soft material, two-tone interior, improved NVH. Engines remained the same as the outgoing model.

Engines

Diesel engines
Model	Code	Engine	Power	Torque	Transmissions	Year
1.9 Ddi Blue Power	RZ4E-TC	1,898 cc commonrail injection turbodiesel I4	150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) @ 3,600 rpm	350 N·m (36 kg·m; 258 lb·ft) @ 1,800–2,600 rpm	6-speed manual 6-speed automatic	2016–present
2.5 Ddi VGS	4JK1-TCX	2,499 cc commonrail injection turbodiesel I4	136 PS (100 kW; 134 hp) @ 3,400 rpm	320 N·m (33 kg·m; 236 lb·ft) @ 1,800–2,800 rpm	5-speed manual 5-speed automatic 6-speed automatic	2013–present
3.0 Ddi VGS	4JJ1-TCX	2,999 cc commonrail injection turbodiesel I4	163 PS (120 kW; 161 hp) @ 3,550 rpm	380 N·m (39 kg·m; 280 lb·ft) @ 1,800–2,800 rpm	5-speed manual 5-speed automatic 6-speed automatic	2013–present
			177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) @ 3,550 rpm	380 N·m (39 kg·m; 280 lb·ft) @ 1,800–2,800 rpm
			177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) @ 3,550 rpm	430 N·m (44 kg·m; 317 lb·ft) @ 2,000 rpm

=Generasi kelima Isuzu MU-X (2020-Present)

Generasi kelima (2020)

fifth generation

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	2020–present
Pemasangan	Thailand: Samut Prakan (Isuzu Motors Thailand)
Pelantar	Isuzu Symmetric Mobility Platform
Enjin	1.9 L RZ4E-TC GEN2 I4-T (diesel) 3.0 L 4JJ3-TCX I4-T (diesel)
Penghantaran	6-speed Aisin AE6 manual 6-speed Rev-Tronic automatic
Jarak roda	2,855 mm (112.4 in)
Panjang	4,850 mm (190.9 in)
Lebar	1,870 mm (73.6 in)
Tinggi	1,875 mm (73.8 in)
Berkait	Isuzu D-Max (RG) Mazda BT-50 (TF)

The second-generation MU-X was revealed on 28 October 2020 in Thailand.^[135]^[136] It shares the same platform with the third generation D-Max, which in turn also spawned the third generation Mazda BT-50.

Markets

Thailand

The MU-X in Thailand is offered with two engine options, which are the 1.9-litre turbodiesel unit and the 3.0-litre turbodiesel engine. The 1.9-litre is used for four variants, namely the 1.9 Active, 1.9 Luxury, 1.9 Elegant and 1.9 Ultimate, while the 4JJ3-TCX engine is exclusive to the 3.0 Ultimate and 3.0 Ultimate 4WD.^[137] The 3.0-litre engine received a power bump compared to the previous generation, from 177 PS (130 kW; 175 hp) to 190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp).

Front view
Rear view
Interior

Engines

Diesel engines
Model	Code	Engine	Power	Torque	Transmissions
1.9 Ddi Blue Power	RZ4E-TC GEN2	1,898 cc commonrail injection turbodiesel I4	150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) @ 3,600 rpm	350 N·m (36 kg·m; 258 lb·ft) @ 1,800–2,600 rpm	6-speed manual 6-speed automatic
3.0 Ddi VGS	4JJ3-TCX	2,999 cc commonrail injection turbodiesel I4	190 PS (140 kW; 187 hp) @ 3,600 rpm	450 N·m (46 kg·m; 332 lb·ft) @ 1,600–2,600 rpm	6-speed automatic

=Generasi Ford Everest (2001-Present)

Ford Everest

Maklumat
Pengilang	Ford
Juga dikenali	Ford Endeavour (India)
Pengeluaran	2001–present
Kelas	Mid-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel-drive or four-wheel-drive
Berkait	Ford Ranger

The Ford Everest, also known as the Ford Endeavour in the Indian market, is a mid-size body-on-frame sport utility vehicle (SUV) produced by Ford Motor Company since 2001 (for Thailand launching in 2003). It is based on the Ford Ranger pickup truck, and it was developed and destined mainly for the Asia-Pacific region.

=Generasi pertama Ford Everest (2001-2006)

Generasi pertama (U268; 2001)

First generation (U268)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Ford Endeavour (India)
Pengeluaran	2001–2006
Pemasangan	Thailand: Rayong (AAT) Vietnam: Hải Dương (Ford Vietnam) India: Chennai (Ford India)
Enjin	2.6 L G6E I4 (petrol) 2.5 L WL Duratorq I4 (diesel) 2.5 L WL-T Duratorq I4 turbo (diesel) 3.0 L VS Duratorq I4 turbo (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic 5-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Panjang	4,958–5,062 mm (195.2–199.3 in)
Lebar	1,788–1,806 mm (70.4–71.1 in)
Tinggi	1,826–1,835 mm (71.9–72.2 in)
Berat Curb	1,800–2,023 kg (3,968–4,460 lb)
Berkait	Ford Ranger (international) Yusheng S350

Ford unveiled the first generation Everest in March 2003 at the 24th Bangkok International Motor Show.^[138] Designed especially for Asian markets, the Everest shares 60 percent of the Ranger's components, including its 2.5-liter intercooled turbodiesel engine and the exterior styling from the front to the B-pillars.^[139] It was revealed that the development of the car costs US$100 million including investments needed to manufacture the Everest.^[140]

As it is based on the Ranger, it retained the double wishbone independent front suspension and leaf spring rear suspension from the Ranger, while also engineered into making the level of ride comfort and handling of a standard that is better than the Ranger.

The Everest was sold in Asia, Middle East,^[141] Central America and the Bahamas. It was built at the AutoAlliance Thailand plant in Rayong,^[142] and as CKD kits in Chengalpattu, India and Hai Duong, Vietnam.^[143]^[144] In India, the Everest was introduced in 2009.^[145] It is renamed as the Ford Endeavour to avoid legal issues owing to the existence of a spice making brand with the same name in the country.^[146]

Major facelift (2007)

2004 Ford Everest (second facelift)

In November 2004, the Everest underwent a major facelift that saw the whole front and side body panels replaced to make it look more up-to-date. Changes also included an updated front fascia, new transmission and an improved engine.^[147]^[148]^[149] In addition, the redesign featured the new 5-speed automatic transmission with BorgWarner transfer case, and the new Active-Shift-on-the-Fly (4x4 only) for the first time. Despite the massive changes, it retained the U268 project code. However, this 2001–2006 model is sometimes mistakenly dubbed as the first generation Everest by Ford or the media.

A first facelift was introduced in 2004.^[150] While the changes were less massive than the previous facelift, Everest now sports a less boxy fascia than its predecessor and was similar with the facelifted Ranger.^[151]^[152] The changes were achieved by changing the front fender assembly, front hood, front headlights, front grill and front bumper,^[153] while it also featured larger 18-inch polished alloy wheels, a redesigned tailgate and new tail lamps.^[154]

Another smaller update was introduced in 2004, now sporting a new front grille.^[155] In 2004, the Everest received a final facelift, now featuring a new front bumper similarly looking with several global Ford cars.^[156]^[157]

=Generasi kedua Ford Everest (2007-2012)

Generasi kedua (2007)

second generation

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Ford Endeavour (India)
Pengeluaran	2007–2012
Pemasangan	Thailand: Rayong (AAT) Vietnam: Hải Dương (Ford Vietnam) India: Chennai (Ford India)
Enjin	2.6 L G6E I4 (petrol) 2.5 L WL Duratorq I4 (diesel) 2.5 L WL-T Duratorq I4 turbo (diesel) 3.0 L VS Duratorq I4 turbo (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic 5-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Panjang	4,958–5,062 mm (195.2–199.3 in)
Lebar	1,788–1,806 mm (70.4–71.1 in)
Tinggi	1,826–1,835 mm (71.9–72.2 in)
Berat Curb	1,800–2,023 kg (3,968–4,460 lb)
Berkait	Ford Ranger (international) Yusheng S350

second generation (2007)

second generation

In November 2006, the Everest underwent a new second generation that saw the whole front and side body panels replaced to make it look more up-to-date. Changes also included an updated front fascia, new transmission and an improved engine.^[158]^[159]^[160] In addition, the redesign featured the new 5-speed automatic transmission with BorgWarner transfer case, and the new Active-Shift-on-the-Fly (4x4 only) for the first time. Despite the massive changes, it retained the U268 project code. However, this 2007–2012 model is sometimes mistakenly dubbed as the second generation Everest by Ford or the media.

A second facelift was introduced in 2009 (2010).^[161] While the changes were less massive than the previous facelift, Everest now sports a less boxy fascia than its predecessor and was similar with the facelifted Ranger.^[162]^[163] The changes were achieved by changing the front fender assembly, front hood, front headlights, front grill and front bumper,^[164] while it also featured larger 18-inch polished alloy wheels, a redesigned tailgate and new tail lamps.^[165]

Another smaller update was introduced in 2012, now sporting a new front grille.^[166] In 2012, the Everest received a final facelift, now featuring a new front bumper similarly looking with several global Ford cars.^[167]^[168]

=Generasi ketiga Ford Everest (2012-2015)

Generasi ketiga (2007)

third generation

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Ford Endeavour (India)
Pengeluaran	2012–2015
Pemasangan	Thailand: Rayong (AAT) Vietnam: Hải Dương (Ford Vietnam) India: Chennai (Ford India)
Enjin	2.6 L G6E I4 (petrol) 2.5 L WL Duratorq I4 (diesel) 2.5 L WL-T Duratorq I4 turbo (diesel) 3.0 L VS Duratorq I4 turbo (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic 5-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,860 mm (112.6 in)
Panjang	4,958–5,062 mm (195.2–199.3 in)
Lebar	1,788–1,806 mm (70.4–71.1 in)
Tinggi	1,826–1,835 mm (71.9–72.2 in)
Berat Curb	1,800–2,023 kg (3,968–4,460 lb)
Berkait	Ford Ranger (international) Yusheng S350

third generation (2012)

2012 Ford Everest (third generation)

2015 Ford Everest (third facelift)

In November 2012, the Everest underwent a new third generation that saw the whole front and side body panels replaced to make it look more up-to-date. Changes also included an updated front fascia, new transmission and an improved engine.^[169]^[170]^[171] In addition, the redesign featured the new 5-speed automatic transmission with BorgWarner transfer case, and the new Active-Shift-on-the-Fly (4x4 only) for the first time. Despite the massive changes, it retained the U268 project code. However, this 2007–2015 model is sometimes mistakenly dubbed as the second generation Everest by Ford or the media.

A second facelift was introduced in 2012 (2013-2015).^[172] While the changes were less massive than the previous facelift, Everest now sports a less boxy fascia than its predecessor and was similar with the facelifted Ranger.^[173]^[174] The changes were achieved by changing the front fender assembly, front hood, front headlights, front grill and front bumper,^[175] while it also featured larger 18-inch polished alloy wheels, a redesigned tailgate and new tail lamps.^[176]

Another smaller update was introduced in 2012, now sporting a new front grille.^[177] In 2013, the Everest received a final facelift, now featuring a new front bumper similarly looking with several global Ford cars.^[178]^[179]

=Generasi keempat Ford Everest (2016-Present)

Generasi keempat (U375/UA; 2015 (2016))

fourth generation (U375/UA)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Ford Endeavour (India) Arquus Trapper VT4 (French military)^[180]
Pengeluaran	2015 (2016–present)
Pemasangan	Thailand: Rayong (AAT) Vietnam: Hải Dương (Ford Vietnam) China: Nanchang (JMC-Ford) South Africa: Silverton, Pretoria India: Chennai (Ford India)
Pendahulu	Ford Territory (Australia and New Zealand)
Pelantar	Ford T6
Enjin	2.0 L EcoBoost I4 turbo (petrol) 2.3 L EcoBoost I4 turbo (petrol)^[181] 2.0 L EcoBlue I4 turbo (diesel) 2.0 L EcoBlue I4 twin-turbo (diesel) 2.2 L Duratorq I4 turbo (diesel) 3.2 L Duratorq I5 turbo (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed M5OD manual 6-speed Getrag MT-82 manual 5-speed 5R55E automatic 6-speed 6R80 automatic 10-speed 10R80 automatic
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Panjang	4,893 mm (192.6 in)
Lebar	1,862 mm (73.3 in)
Tinggi	1,836 mm (72.3 in)
Berat Curb	2,408 kg (5,308.7 lb)
Berkait	Ford Ranger (T6)

The second generation Everest was unveiled as a near-production concept vehicle in March 2014^[182] and as a production version November 2014 ahead of its public debut at the Guangzhou International Motor Show.^[183] Based on the T6 Ford Ranger, the car is now developed by Ford Australia.^[184] In China, the Ford Everest is manufactured by the JMC-Ford joint venture, at JMC's Nanchang factory.^[185]

The fouth generation Everest features a complete redesign which now featured a less boxy-looking proportions for a more modern appearance. Dimension-wise, the 2015 Ford Everest is shorter in length but wider and taller, altering its proportions compared to its predecessor.^[186] The wheelbase has been reduced from 2,860 mm (112.6 in) to 2,850 mm (112.2 in).

This model received a facelift in May 2018, coinciding with the Ranger facelift.^[187] The facelift included design tweaks, equipment list update, new 2.0-litre bi-turbo diesel engine and 10-speed automatic gearbox.^[188] Other changes include Autonomous Emergency Braking, a standard kick-activated power liftgate, and new alloy wheels. Interior changes include more soft touch materials such as ebony dark colour scheme. Another facelift was released for the 2021 year model in November 2020 in Thailand.

The fourth generation Everest is used as a basis for a light-duty tactical vehicle for the French military, called the Arquus Trapper VT4.^[189]^[190]

Front view (pre-facelift, New Zealand)
Front view (pre-facelift)

Front view (pre-facelift)
2016-2018 Ford Everest global
Rear view (pre-facelift, South Africa)
Rear view (pre-facelift)
Front view (facelift, Vietnam)
Rear view (facelift, Vietnam)

=Generasi Nissan Terra (1997-Present)

Nissan Terra (D23)
2019 Nissan Terra 2.5 VL 4x2 (Indonesia; pre-facelift)
Maklumat
Pengilang	Nissan
Juga dikenali	Nissan X-Terra (Middle East)^[191]
Pengeluaran	1997-2018 (Terrano/Pathfinder/X-Terra) 2018–present (Terra Nismo)
Pemasangan	China: Zhengzhou (Dongfeng Nissan) Thailand: Samut Prakan (Nissan Motor Thailand)
Pendahulu	Nissan Pathfinder (R51) Nissan Xterra/Paladin
Kelas	Mid-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Pelantar	Nissan F-Alpha platform
Enjin	Petrol: 2.5 L QR25DE I4 Diesel: 2.3 L YS23DDTT twin-turbocharged I4 2.5 L YD25DDTi turbocharged I4
Penghantaran	6-speed manual 7-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)^[193]
Panjang	4,882–4,900 mm (192.2–192.9 in)^[193]
Lebar	1,850–1,865 mm (72.8–73.4 in)
Tinggi	1,835–1,865 mm (72.2–73.4 in)^[193]
Berkait	Nissan Navara (D23)
Pereka bentuk	Masanobu Ino^[192]

The Nissan Terra is a mid-size SUV manufactured by Nissan. It was launched to the public at the April 2018 Auto China. The Terra is currently positioned in size between the X-Trail/Rogue compact crossover and Patrol/Armada full-size SUV. The car fills the position left by the third-generation Pathfinder that sold between 2005 and 2012. It also replaces the Paladin in China. The name "Terra" is Latin for "earth".^[194]

=Generasi Pertama Nissan Terra (1997-2006)

Generasi Pertama (WD21; 1986 (1997))

First generation (WD21)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Nissan Terrano Nissan Terramax
Pengeluaran	May 1985 – September 1995 1995 – 2006 (Indonesia)
Pemasangan	Nissan Shatai, Kanda, Fukuoka, Japan Purwakarta, Indonesia^[195] Jakarta, Indonesia (Nissan Motor Indonesia)^[196]
Pengganti	Nissan Xterra
Gaya badan	2-door SUV (1987–1989) 4-door SUV (1990–1995)
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	WD21
Enjin	2.4 L Z24i I4 2.4 L KA24E I4 3.0 L VG30i V6 3.0 L VG30E V6 2.7 L TD27T2 I4 Diesel 2.7 L TD27T2 I4 Turbodiesel 2.7 L TD27T4 I4 Turbodiesel
Penghantaran	3-speed 3N71 automatic (1985.5–1987) 4-speed 4N71 automatic 4-speed RL4R01A automatic 4-speed RE4R01A automatic 5-speed manual
Jarak roda	2,649 mm (104.3 in)
Panjang	4,366 mm (171.9 in)
Lebar	1,689 mm (66.5 in)
Tinggi	XE: 1,669 mm (65.7 in) 1986–89 SE & LE: 1,679 mm (66.1 in) 1990–95 SE: 1,694 mm (66.7 in)
Berkait	Nissan D21 Pickup
Pereka bentuk	Doug Wilson, Jerry Hirshberg (1982, 1983)^[197]

The first generation Pathfinder was introduced as a two-door body-on-frame SUV, sharing styling and most components with the Nissan Hardbody Truck. Built on a ladder-type frame, the Pathfinder was Nissan's response to the Chevrolet Blazer, Ford Bronco II, Jeep Cherokee, and non-American SUVs like the Toyota 4Runner, Honda Passport, and the Isuzu MU.

Before the Pathfinder there was the Nissan Bushmaster (an aftermarket conversion of the Datsun Truck), but they are rare as well. Its optional 4WD system that could be engaged electronically while the vehicle was moving, unique at the time, and a four-speed automatic transmission. All WD21 Pathfinders were available in both 2WD and manually engaged 4WD configurations, with base models installed with a 2.4 L four cylinder engine. In certain countries this generation also came with a 2.7 L I4 Diesel Engine known as the TD27 with the option of a turbocharger installed later in November 1988.

In Japan, it was exclusive to Nissan Bluebird Shop locations, where it was called the Terrano as a smaller companion to the larger Nissan Safari. While the Pathfinder/Terrano was essentially based on the newly introduced Hardbody truck, the rear five link coil suspension was borrowed from the Safari to enhance its off-road abilities. The two door version was installed with the VG30E Nissan V6, that was shared with the Fairlady ZX.

As the Japanese market Terrano was regarded as a luxury vehicle, with an emphasis on outdoor leisure activities, the Terrano was introduced to Japanese buyers as an off-road, back country Fairlady ZX. Ownership costs to Japanese drivers are expensive due to the exterior dimensions exceeding dimension regulations and the engine displacement incurring a higher annual road tax obligation. To emphasize this marketing approach, the Terrano was available with options not normally found on other budget-minded vehicles. Some of the upmarket Japanese-model options were climate-controlled air conditioning, electrically powered windows, seats, door locks, and, in 1993, Recaro seats. Nissan's sports division Autech added special equipment packages, introducing the "Wide R3M Urban" and the "AJ Limited". The emphasis on luxury was partly due to a strong economy in Japan, in what is now regarded as the Japanese "bubble economy".

In 1987, the first generation Terrano was entered in the 9th Paris to Dakar rally race, with continued entries in rally races for many years, winning multiple times in its category.

The four-door Pathfinder was introduced in October 1989 to enhance the Pathfinder's market appeal, but the overall vehicle length and wheelbase were not extended to accommodate the rear doors. At its introduction to North America, 1985 to 1989 Pathfinders came with a two-door body. In early 1990 it became only a four door. Some US 1990 Pathfinders came with the two door body, but they are rare.

When the four door version was introduced, Nissan chose to conceal the door handles as a part of the "C" pillar trim to visually make it appear like a two-door truck with a camper shell, with the conventional door handles on the front doors. This design tradition was used on all Nissan SUVs, including the Nissan Armada, Nissan Juke, Nissan Terrano II, and the Nissan Xterra. The front doors were slightly shortened to accommodate the rear doors.

From 1985 to 1989 Pathfinders were available with either the Nissan VG30i 3.0 L V6 (143 hp (107 kW), 162 lb·ft (220 N·m) torque), or the Nissan Z24i 2.4 L (106 hp (79 kW)) I4 (the same engine choices as the Nissan Hardbody Truck). In 1990 the V6 received an upgrade from throttle body injection to a multi point fuel injection system. This engine was known as the VG30E, and was rated at 153 hp (114 kW) and 180 lb·ft (244 N·m) torque. Also in 1990, the Z24i was replaced with the KA24E. The first generation continued until 1995.

The first generation Nissan Pathfinder also sold in Indonesia from 1995 to 2006 as Nissan Terrano. Only available with four-door body, 2389cc Z24 carburetted petrol engine (103hp & 182Nm), 2WD (4WD only available for 1995-1996 highest trim model^[198]) and 5-speed manual transmission. Only 17.801 units were sold during 11 years of production.^[199]

Facelifts

A facelift occurred in 1990 when the 4-door model was introduced. The front grille was revised, numerous interior trim level options became available and numerous exterior packages were offered by dealerships. The 1993 models received a third brake light and the 1994 models received a curved dashboard. Two more facelifts occurred for Indonesian production Terrano in 1997 and 2003, this facelifts made the exterior and interior looks more modern unlike the global version of first generation Pathfinder.

1986–1990 Nissan Pathfinder 2-door
1990–1995 Nissan Pathfinder 4-door
1990–1995 Nissan Pathfinder 4-door
Nissan Terrano
Nissan Terrano
1997-2003 Nissan Terrano Kingsroad (Indonesia)
2003-2006 Nissan Terrano Spirit S3 (front, Indonesia)
Nissan Terrano Spirit S3 with new crystal rear lights (rear, Indonesia)

=Generasi Kedua Nissan Terra (2007-2015)

Generasi kedua (R51; 2005 (2007 ASEAN))

Generasi kedua (R51)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	30 August 2004 – August 2012 (up to 2014 in Europe and Australia)
Tahun model	2005–2012 (up to 2014/15 in Europe/Australia) 2007-2018 (up to ASEAN)
Pemasangan	Smyrna, Tennessee, United States (2005–2012) Barcelona, Spain (2004–2014) Saint-Petersburg, Russia (2012–2014)
Pengganti	Nissan Terra (as pickup truck-based SUV) Nissan Pathfinder (R52) (nameplate)
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	Nissan F-Alpha platform
Enjin	4.0 L VQ40DE V6 2.5 L YD25DDTi I4 Turbodiesel (export models) 5.6 L VK56DE V8 3.0 L V9X V6 turbodiesel (export models)
Penghantaran	5-speed RE5R05A automatic 7-speed RE7R01B automatic (V9X only) 6-speed FS6R31A manual (export models)
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Panjang	2005–07: 4,765 mm (187.6 in) 2008–2012: 4,890 mm (192.5 in)
Lebar	2005–07: 1,849 mm (72.8 in) 2008–2012: 1,849 mm (72.8 in)
Tinggi	S & SE 4WD: 72.8 in SE Off-Road: 1,862 mm (73.3 in) LE 4WD: 1,852 mm (72.9 in) S & SE 2WD: 1,839 mm (72.4 in) LE 2WD: 1,842 mm (72.5 in)
Berkait	Infiniti QX56 Nissan Armada Nissan Frontier Nissan Titan Nissan Xterra
Pereka bentuk	Kiyoshi Yanase (2002)^[200]

In August 2003, Nissan unveiled Dunehawk Concept and showcased it at the IAA 2003 in Frankfurt (R51 design patents filed 8 September 2003), previewing the next Pathfinder's design. At the 2004 North American International Auto Show, Nissan unveiled a completely redesigned Pathfinder for the 2005 model year. The new R51 Pathfinder uses the Nissan F-Alpha platform, thus returning to a body on frame construction. It is powered by a 4.0 L V6 engine VQ40DE (266 hp (198 kW), 288 lb·ft (390 N·m)) or a 2.5 L YD25DDTi (126 kW (171 PS; 169 hp), 403 N·m (297 lb·ft)) Turbo Diesel.^[201]

The larger Pathfinder Armada debuted in late 2004, but was based on the Titan full-sized pickup truck and dropped the "Pathfinder" prefix in 2005.

The 2005 model introduced a third row of seats to the Pathfinder line for the first time.

2008 facelift (US and Middle East)

The facelifted 2008 Nissan Pathfinder debuted at the 2007 Chicago Auto Show. Some of the badge positions on the rear liftgate were tweaked, and this version also received the Titan's 5.6-liter V8 engine rated at 310 hp (231 kW) and 388 lb·ft (526 N·m).

2010 facelift (Europe, South America, Asia/Oceania, Caribbean)

An updated version debuted at the Geneva Motor Show in 2010, now available with the Nissan V9X Engine 3.0-litre V6 turbo-diesel producing 228 hp (170 kW) and 406 ft·lbf (550 Nm) at 1,750 – 2,500 rpm while an upgraded YD25DDTi Turbodiesel producing 188 hp (140 kW) – up 19 hp (14 kW) – while torque increases by 35 ft·lbf (47 Nm) to 332 ft·lbf (450 Nm) is also available. Over the combined cycle manual versions use 8.4 L/100 km – an improvement of 1.4 L/100 km – while CO2 emissions have fallen by 40g/km to 224 g/km. Both figures are class competitive. A version of the engine with a diesel particulate filter (DPF) is also available in certain markets.

The R51 series Pathfinder continues to be sold and produced outside North America.

Exterior changes

The revised models have been given a new look front and rear to differentiate them from their predecessors. Changes at the front include a new bonnet, revised grille and a new bumper assembly. Adding 80 mm to the length of both models, the bumper is more rounded and lends a more sporting touch to the cars.

A new headlamp design with projectors is offered for Xenon lamps. Headlamps washers now pop up from beneath body color moulding in the bumpers. A new 18-inci (460 mm) alloy wheel complements the existing range of 16 inch (steel and alloy) and 17 inch (alloy) designs. V8 models are given a discreet V8 badge at the leading edge of both front doors and a new side moulding across the doors.

Nissan Pathfinder ST-L
2008 Nissan Pathfinder V8
Interior

=Generasi ketiga Nissan Terra (2015-2018)

Generasi ketiga (2017–present (2015-2018))

Nissan Armada (Y62)
2017 Nissan Armada Platinum
Maklumat
Pengilang	Nissan
Juga dikenali	Nissan Patrol Infiniti QX80/QX56
Pengeluaran	June 2016–present 2015-2018 ASEAN
Pemasangan	Japan: Kanda, Fukuoka (Nissan Shatai Plant)
Kelas	Full-size SUV
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	Y62/Nissan F-Alpha platform
Enjin	5.6 L VK56VD V8
Penghantaran	7-speed RE7R01B automatic
Jarak roda	3,075 mm (121.1 in)
Panjang	5,305 mm (208.9 in)
Lebar	2,030 mm (79.9 in)
Tinggi	1,925 mm (75.8 in)
Berkait	Nissan Patrol Y62 Infiniti QX56/QX80 Nissan Titan (second generation) Nissan NV Nissan Terra Nissan Navara (D23)
Pereka bentuk	Taisuke Nakamura, Shinya Momokawa, Minoru Yoshida, Sugita Akihiro (2013)

Nissan unveiled the second-generation Armada at the 2016 Chicago Auto Show, and it went on sale in August 2016 as a 2017 model. This version is based on the Nissan Patrol, the platform also used for the Infiniti QX80, as moving the Armada and Patrol to the same global platform instead of the Armada sharing the platform of the American-built Titan saves considerable development money.^[202] Apart from the Endurance V8 engine, which is assembled in Decherd, Tennessee, the truck is built in Japan. The Armada grew in length and width, but the wheelbase and height were moderately reduced.

In addition to the Endurance V8, a seven-speed transmission was introduced to improve fuel economy, acceleration and torque, along with an increase in horsepower from 317 to 390 horsepower at 5200 rpm. The exterior moderately differs from the updated Patrol, that was introduced in early 2014. As with the previous generation, the Armada continued to offer 2WD and 4WD and available in SV, SL, and Platinum trims.^[203]^[204]

Although it still competes with the Toyota Sequoia, Ford Expedition and Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon, it meets all of the specifications able to rival the Toyota Land Cruiser.^[205]

2021 refresh

An updated version of the Nissan Armada was revealed in December 2020.^[206] The front end was redesigned, with a larger grille and "C"-shaped LED headlights along with two new exterior colors. The taillights were redesigned as well, and are also LED. Inside, the center console was redesigned, with a wider infotainment screen with wireless Apple CarPlay and wired Android Auto. Nissan's "Safety Shield 360" became standard. Trim levels and powertrain remained the same, although the 5.6L V8 gained 10 horsepower and 19 pound-feet of torque. A blacked-out Midnight Edition was added. The updated Armada goes on sale in North America in January 2021.

=Generasi keempat Nissan Terra (2018-Present)

Generasi keempat (2018-Present)

Nissan Terra (D23)
2019 Nissan Terra 2.5 VL 4x2
Maklumat
Pengilang	Nissan
Juga dikenali	Nissan X-Terra (Middle East)^[207]
Pengeluaran	2018–present
Pemasangan	China: Zhengzhou (Dongfeng Nissan) Thailand: Samut Prakan (Nissan Motor Thailand)
Pendahulu	Nissan Pathfinder (R51) Nissan Xterra/Paladin
Kelas	Mid-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive Front-engine, four-wheel-drive
Pelantar	Nissan F-Alpha platform
Enjin	Petrol: 2.5 L QR25DE I4 Diesel: 2.3 L YS23DDTT twin-turbocharged I4 2.5 L YD25DDTi turbocharged I4
Penghantaran	6-speed manual 7-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)^[193]
Panjang	4,882–4,900 mm (192.2–192.9 in)^[193]
Lebar	1,850–1,865 mm (72.8–73.4 in)
Tinggi	1,835–1,865 mm (72.2–73.4 in)^[193]
Berkait	Nissan Navara (D23)
Pereka bentuk	Masanobu Ino^[192]

The Nissan Terra is a mid-size SUV manufactured by Nissan. It was launched to the public at the April 2018 Auto China. The Terra is currently positioned in size between the X-Trail/Rogue compact crossover and Patrol/Armada full-size SUV. The car fills the position left by the third-generation Pathfinder that sold between 2005 and 2012. It also replaces the Paladin in China. The name "Terra" is Latin for "earth".^[208]

Overview

Development

In 2011, when the development of the D23 Nissan Navara started, Nissan was considering to develop an SUV based on the Navara as the successor for the Nissan Paladin. At the early phase of the development, Nissan executives aimed the car for the growing Chinese and Middle East market. However, the development was halted between 2014 and 2015 as executives were undecided with the new SUV position in the segment, with the popular X-Trail sitting very close to the aimed segment.^[209]

Terra had been planned to be launched in 2016. However there were several constraints in the development of the car which contributed to a delayed launch. In 2015, segment competitors Toyota Fortuner, Mitsubishi Montero Sport/Pajero Sport, and Ford Everest had their new generation launched. It was reported that Nissan's engineering team were allegedly surprised as the new iterations from the competitors were more advanced than they had expected. The development team was said to had to stop the development to evaluate and improve the details of the Terra to be able to compete. The development was also constrained by a new excise tax structure based on emissions introduced by the Thailand government, which forced Nissan to engineer the cleaner YS23DDTT diesel engine to the Terra. As a result, the Terra release was delayed by two years.^[209] The official details of the vehicle were eventually revealed in 15 March 2018 and was unveiled in the following month.

According to Pedro Deanda, chief product specialist that supervised the development of the car, the Terra shares the front door panels, front hood bonnet and the door handles with the D23 Navara. The chassis and suspension was re-engineered to be shorter for comfort and maneuverability.^[209]

Engines

The Terra has three engine options: a 2.5 L QR25DE I4 petrol engine that produces 134 kW (180 hp; 182 PS) at 6,000 rpm and 251 N·m (185 lbf·ft) of torque at 4,000 rpm, a 2.3 L twin-turbocharged YS23DDTT or 2.5 L YD25DDTi I4 diesel engines that both produce 140 kW (188 hp; 190 PS) at 3,600 rpm or 3,750 rpm and 450 N·m (330 lbf·ft) of torque at 2,000 rpm or 1,500–2,500 rpm respectively. The engines are mated to a 6-speed manual or 7-speed automatic transmission. The ground clearance is measured at 225 mm (8.9 in).^[210]^[211]^[212]

Markets

On 28 May 2018, the Terra was launched in the Philippines. It gets a 2.5-liter diesel engine option. Compared to the Chinese version, it is 15 mm (0.6 in) wider, 3 mm (0.1 in) longer and seats 7 (compared to 5). It is offered in five trim options.^[213]^[214]

The Terra was launched in Indonesia on 2 August 2018 at the 26th Gaikindo Indonesia International Auto Show. It has the similar specs as the Philippines version.^[215]

The Terra was launched in Thailand on 16 August 2018. It uses the 2.3 L diesel engine option to comply with Thailand excise tax structure.^[216]^[217]^[218] The 2.3 L engine, YS23DDTT produces less CO₂ pollution than the 2.5 L YD25DDTi engine, precisely 196 g/km which is lower than the 200 g/km limit regulated by the Thai government to get a 5% tax incentive.^[209]

In the Bruneian market, the Terra was launched in early 2019, and offered in Mid, High and Premium models. The Terra comes with only 2.5-litre diesel engine (all trims), 7-speed automatic (High and Premium) or 6-speed manual (Mid), tire-pressure monitoring system (Premium), around-view monitor (Premium), 18-inch rims (High and Premium), 17-inch rims (Mid), hill-descent control (Premium) and 6 airbags for all trims.

The Terra was launched in GCC markets in November 2020 as the X-Terra. It also underwent a major update on the front fascia, rear fascia, and dashboard design.^[219]

Safety

2018 Nissan Terra
(6 airbags)
ASEAN NCAP scores^[220]
Overall stars
Adult occupant	32.18/36.00
Child occupant	40.74/49.00
Safety assist	12.72/18.00

Gallery

Nissan Terra 2.5 VL 4x2 (Indonesia)
2019 Nissan Terra 2.5 VL 4x2 (Indonesia; pre-facelift)
Nissan Terra 2.5 VL 4x2 D23 (Indonesia)
Nissan Terra in China (rear view)
Terra's YD25DDTi diesel engine
Exterior (Philippines)
Interior (Brunei)

=Generasi BMW X5 (2000-Present)

BMW X5

Maklumat
Pengilang	BMW
Pengeluaran	1999 2000–present
Kelas	Mid-size luxury SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive

The BMW X5 is a mid-size luxury, rear-wheel drive SUV produced by BMW.^[221]

The X5 made its debut in 1999 (Launch in 2000) as the E53 model. It was BMW's first SUV and it also featured all-wheel drive and was available with either manual or automatic transmission. In 2006, the second generation X5 was launched, known internally as the E70. A facelift of the E53, the E70 also featured the torque-split capable xDrive all-wheel drive system mated to an automatic transmission. In 2009, the X5 M performance variant was released as a 2010 model.^[222]

BMW branded the X5 as a Sport Activity Vehicle (SAV) rather than an SUV, to emphasize its on-road ability despite its size. Like the Lexus RX 300, the X5 heralded the shift from light truck-based body-on-frame SUVs to crossovers underpinned by unibody car platforms that would come to fruition in the late 2000s. Among German luxury automakers, while the Mercedes-Benz M-Class had beaten the X5 to the market by more than a year, the X5 was the first to use a unibody chassis, whereas the M-Class used body-on-frame construction until its second generation. While the Lexus RX is based on the Toyota Camry mass market sedan, the X5 shared its underpinnings with the BMW 5 Series performance luxury sedan.^[223]^[224]

X5s are manufactured in Greer, South Carolina at the Spartanburg BMW plant and modified for armoured, security versions in Mexico at the BMW de México Toluca plant.^[225] Since July 2009, some assembly operations are also performed in Kaliningrad, Russia by Avtotor.

Starting with the X5, BMW's "SAV" series has since expanded with derivatives of other BMW number-series models, first in 2003 with the BMW X3 compact luxury crossover, and then in 2008 with the BMW X6 midsize coupe luxury crossover which shares its platform with the X5.

=Generasi pertama (E53; 2000-2006)

Generasi pertama (E53; 1999 (2000–2006)

The BMW E53 X5 crossover was manufactured between 1999 (2000) and 2006. It was developed while BMW owned Land Rover and benefitted from company technology.^[226] It shared the Range Rover HSE's Hill Descent System and Off Road Engine Management system, and the engine and electronic system of the BMW E39 5 series. As a result, the earlier X5 models can be upgraded with newer BMW technologies (e.g. Bluetooth phone connectivity).^[227]

A range of petrol (gasoline) inline-6s, V8s and diesel engines was offered.

A facelifted version was released for the 2004 model year, with production starting in late 2003.

=Generasi kedua (E70; 2007-2012)

Generasi kedua (E70; 2006 (2007–2012))

The BMW E70 is the second generation X5 crossover. It replaced the BMW X5 (E53) in July 2006 for the 2007 model year. The second generation X5 features many new technological advancements including BMW's iDrive system as standard equipment and, for the first time in a BMW, an optional third row seat raising passenger capacity to seven.

The branding for the X5 from late 2008 onwards follows the new BMW nomenclature scheme, for example the X5 3.0si is now called the X5 xDrive30i, and the X5 4.8i is called the X5 xDrive48i. In 2010 BMW added the new CIC hard drive iDrive system, replacing the DVD based CCC system.

In 2009, the xDrive35d diesel engine variant of the X5 was made available for sale in Canada and the United States, along with the BMW 335d sedan.^[228]

The BMW X5 M high performance variant was introduced to the press at the New York Auto Show in April 2009, and started appearing in BMW dealerships in September 2009 as a 2010 model. Sharing the same powertrain as the BMW X6 M, the X5 M features the first M Power V-8 Turbo, 555 hp (414 kW) and 500 lb·ft (680 N·m) of torque, and comes with M Dynamic Performance Control for impressive handling.

The E70 X5 received a facelift for the 2011 model year known as the LCI update.

For the 2011 model year, the BMW X5 (E70) was BMW's 3rd best-selling model after the first place BMW 3 Series (E90) and BMW 5 Series (F10), respectively.^[229]

= Generasi ketiga (F15; 2013-2018)

Generasi ketiga (F15, F85; 2013–2018)

The BMW F15 is the third generation X5 crossover, unveiled on 30 May 2013 and launched in November 2013.

It featured the same chassis and same wheelbase of previous generation and launched with a choice of three engines: a 450 hp V8 petrol engine (xDrive50i) and two six-cylinder in-line diesel units, producing 258 hp with one turbo (xDrive30d) and 381 hp with three turbos (M50d M Performance), respectively. In December 2013, additional engine options became available: xDrive40d, xDrive35i and, for the first time on the X5 model, two four-cylinder engines xDrive25d and sDrive25d (with two-wheel transmission). In their later years, BMW added a PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) a xDrive40e with single turbo inline 4 cylinders. Also in the xDrive40e an electric 83kW motor peak, 55kW continuous use with 9kWh 351V Lithium-ion battery pack.

As with the previous model, it was assembled at BMW's Spartanburg plant in South Carolina, United States.

=Generasi keempat (G05; 2019-present

Generasi keempat (G05; 2019–present)

The new 2019 G05 X5 is the fourth and current generation X5 model and was unveiled online on June 6, with a planned November 2018 launch date. It is based on the new Cluster Architecture (CLAR) platform shared with other BMW models.

All 2019 X5 models are xDrive all-wheel drive only, while an sDrive (rear-wheel drive) X5 was added to the US lineup as a 2020 model. The 2020 X5 sDrive is only available with the inline-6 petrol B58 powerplant, and is marketed as the X5 sDrive40i.

Another model year 2020 addition is the plug-in hybrid model xDrive45e. It has the B58 engine and an 82 kW electric motor, with a combined power of 290 kW, and a larger 24 kWh battery pack.

Initial engine offerings for the G05 X5 included:

B58 turbocharged inline-6 petrol
N63 V8 petrol
B57 inline-6 turbodiesel

While the X5 is produced for additional markets at various sites around the world, the majority of the global supply for the G05 X5 is produced in Spartanburg County, South Carolina.^[230]

=Generasi Mercedes Benz GLE (1997-Present)

Templat:Use British English

Mercedes-Benz GLE

Maklumat
Pengilang	Mercedes-Benz (Daimler AG)
Pengeluaran	1997–present
Tahun model	1998–2015 (M-Class) 2016–present (GLE-Class)
Pemasangan	United States: Vance, Alabama (Mercedes-Benz U.S. International)
Kelas	Mid-size luxury SUV (1997-2011) Executive luxury crossover SUV (2011-presents)
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive or four-wheel-drive

The Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class, formerly Mercedes-Benz M-Class, is a mid-size luxury 4x4 produced by the German automaker Mercedes-Benz since 1997. In terms of size, it is slotted in between the smaller GLC-Class (based on the C-Class) and the larger GLS-Class, the latter with which it shares platforms.

For a short time, between 1999 and 2002, the M-Class was also built by Magna Steyr in Graz, Austria, for the European market, before all the production moved to the U.S. plant near Vance, Alabama. From late 2012, the M-Class was also assembled at new plants in India and Indonesia.

Since April 2015, the M-Class has been renamed to the Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class.

Nomenclature update from M to GLE

Although grouped under the "M-Class" naming banner since the first launch, BMW, who sells M models such as the M3, objected to the car being badged "M" with the three-digit engine level afterwards (e.g. M 320). This forced Mercedes-Benz to defer to a double-tiered marketing strategy of "ML" badging (e.g. ML 320) under an M-Class umbrella.^[231] There has been some confusion surrounding this nomenclature, with many sources erroneously referring to the series as the "ML-Class",^[232]^[233] including Mercedes-Benz itself.^[234]^[235]

From 2015, with the release of the facelifted W166 third generation model at the New York Auto Show in April, the M-Class was renamed to GLE-Class as per the revised nomenclature adopted by the brand. Under this scheme, SUVs use the base name "GL", followed by the model's placement in Mercedes-Benz hierarchy. The "G" is for Geländewagen (German off land wagon for off-road vehicle) and alludes the long-running G-Wagen. This is followed by the letter "L" that acts as a linkage with the letter "E"—the GLE being the SUV equivalent to the E-Class.^[236]^[237]

=Generasi pertama (W163; 2000-2006)

Generasi pertama (W163; 1997–2006)

First generation (W163)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	February 1997 – December 2004
Tahun model	1998 2000–2006
Pemasangan	Austria: Graz (1999–2002) United States: Vance, Alabama
Enjin	2.3 L M111.970 I4 (petrol) 2.7 L OM612 I5 (t/c diesel) 3.2 L M112 E32 V6 (petrol) 3.7 L M112 E37 V6 (petrol) 4.0 L OM628 V8 (t/c diesel) 4.3 L M113 E43 V8 (petrol) 5.0 L M113 E50 V8 (petrol) 5.4 L M113 E55 V8 (petrol)
Penghantaran	5-speed manual 5-speed automatic (5G-Tronic)
Jarak roda	2,819 mm (111.0 in)
Panjang	1997–02: 4,587 mm (180.6 in) 2002–05: 4,638 mm (182.6 in) AMG: 4,636 mm (182.5 in)
Lebar	1997–02: 1,834 mm (72.2 in) 2002–05: 1,839 mm (72.4 in) AMG: 1,895 mm (74.6 in)
Tinggi	1997–02: 1,775 mm (69.9 in) 2002–05: 1,821 mm (71.7 in) AMG: 1,760 mm (69.3 in)
Berat Curb	2,093 kg (4,614 lb)
Pereka bentuk	Bruno Sacco & Peter Pfeiffer (1993) Peter Arcadipane^[238]

Mercedes-Benz proposed a plan to replace the G-Class, which at the time had been in production for 11 years. A joint agreement with Mitsubishi Motors to develop and produce a sports-utility vehicle was made in early 1991 and was confirmed publicly that June. Plans were made to base it on the Montero/Pajero platform, with one of them being badged as a Mercedes-Benz and the other a Mitsubishi. In May 1992, these plans were abandoned citing "technical problems" and Mercedes-Benz continued on with in-house development from January 1993.^[239]^[240] In March 1993, a search for a location to build a U.S. manufacturing plant began. By September 1993, a location in the state of Alabama was chosen and construction started in 1994. While plans were being made overseas, in Germany development continued. Design work took place from late 1992 to 1994. A design from Mercedes' Sindelfingen studio was chosen in 1993 and approved by the executive board in February 1994. The design patents were filed in Germany on 13 July 1994, and in the U.S. on 13 January 1995. Prototype testing started with test mules and crash tests using mock-ups in May 1994. First functional prototype's crash test took place in February 1995, with full testing run from March 1995 to December 1996 in various climates and regions of the world. Pilot production began in May 1996. In July 1996, construction on the Mercedes-Benz U.S. International plant in Vance, Alabama concluded, with the very first production M-Class rolling off the assembly line the week of 9 February 1997.^[241]

Mercedes-Benz launched the first generation W163 series M-Class on 19 February 1997, in the United States for the 1998 model year, with sales beginning that September. It is a mid-sized body-on-frame SUV with seating for five, or seven with an optional third-row seat. The M-Class was the first luxury SUV to feature electronic stability control, a system designed to detect loss of control and instantaneously intervene with selective braking to bring the vehicle back on its intended course. Furthermore, the M-Class boasted front- and side-impact airbags with advanced occupant detection for the front passenger seat, which helped earn the W163 the highest marks in insurance industry crash tests.

The Mercedes-Benz M-Class (W163) was available with permanent 4Matic four-wheel drive, which routed torque to all four wheels through all open front, center, and rear differentials.^[242] The system used a two-speed dual range BorgWarner 4409 transfer case with reduction gearing, and Mercedes' new Four-wheel Electronic Traction System (4-ETS). 4-ETS simulated three differential locks on all three open differentials, via aggressively braking one or more spinning wheels.^[242]

Four-wheel, electronic traction system was said to perform excellent for snow and heavy off-road use.

Manufactured in Vance, Alabama, in the United States, the M-Class launched in the North American market first as the ML 320. The ML 320 was sold internationally, with the "320" suffix alluding to the 3.2-litre V6 engine. An entry-level, manual transmission-only ML 230, fitted with a 2.3-litre inline-four was available in Europe from launch in March 1998 until 2000. From launch in 1998, European markets also received the ML 270 CDI with a 2.7-litre inline-five turbodiesel engine. This unit was made available in Australia in 2000 and continued on in the W163 until being replaced upon the release of the W164 M-Class in 2005.

Later, in 1998, the more powerful ML 430 became available with the newly introduced Mercedes-Benz 4.3-litre V8. This was followed by the February 1999 debut of the 2000 ML 55 AMG, featuring a 5.4-litre V8 engine made by AMG, modified bodywork, and other performance features.

In September 1996, before the vehicle was launched, Mercedes-Benz allowed the producers of the 1997 film The Lost World: Jurassic Park to make use of modified pre-production M-Class SUVs as a way to advertise the W163 when it was launched in 1997. As a result, a Mercedes-Benz advertisement appears before the film on original VHS copies of the film. Jeff Goldblum, the star of the film, received a complimentary ML 320 from Mercedes-Benz as a result of the tie-in. Three versions were used in the movie, of which 2 copies of each were built. Two are displayed at the Universal Studios in Orlando, Florida, there is one at the Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart, Germany, and one at the Visitor Center at the M-class factory in Alabama.

Awards

2001 facelift

The ML 320 was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year for 1998 and was voted the 1998 North American Truck of the Year at the North American International Auto Show, Detroit, in January 1998. It also received the World Car Award in March 1999, voted by an international jury of automotive journalists in Geneva.^[243] Despite the accolades, Mercedes-Benz received considerable criticism with respect to the substandard quality of the W163. Quality improved over the years, especially after the facelift in 2001 for the 2002 model year. DaimlerChrysler spent US$600 million on improvements at the Alabama factory before launching the second generation ML in 2005.

Engines (1997–2005)

Model	Years	Configuration	Displacement	Power	Torque	0–100 km/h (0–62 mph)	Top speed
Petrol engines
ML 230	1998–2001	2295 cc	L4	110 kW (150 PS; 148 hp)	220 N·m (162 lbf·ft)	12.8 seconds	180 km/j (112 mph)
ML 320	1998–2001	3199 cc	V6	160 kW (218 PS; 215 hp)	310 N·m (229 lbf·ft)	9.5 seconds	180 km/j (112 mph)
ML 320	2001–2002	3199 cc	V6	160 kW (218 PS; 215 hp)	310 N·m (229 lbf·ft)	9.0 seconds	195 km/j (121 mph)
ML 350	2002–2005	3724 cc	V6	173 kW (235 PS; 232 hp)	346 N·m (255 lbf·ft)	8.7 seconds	205 km/j (127 mph)
ML 430	1999–2001	4266 cc	V8	200 kW (272 PS; 268 hp)	400 N·m (295 lbf·ft)	8.4 seconds	210 km/j (130 mph)
ML 500	2001–2005	4966 cc	V8	215 kW (292 PS; 288 hp)	440 N·m (325 lbf·ft)	7.7 seconds	222 km/j (138 mph)
ML 55 AMG	1998–2001	5439 cc	V8	255 kW (347 PS; 342 hp)	510 N·m (376 lbf·ft)	6.9 seconds	232 km/j (144 mph)
ML 55 AMG	2002–2005	5439 cc	V8	255 kW (347 PS; 342 hp)	510 N·m (376 lbf·ft)	6.7 seconds	235 km/j (146 mph)
Diesel engines
ML 270 CDI	1998–2001	2688 cc	L5	120 kW (163 PS; 161 hp)	370 N·m (273 lbf·ft)	11.7 seconds	185 km/j (115 mph)
ML 270 CDI	2002–2005	2688 cc	L5	120 kW (163 PS; 161 hp)	370 N·m (273 lbf·ft)	12.2 seconds	185 km/j (115 mph)
ML 400 CDI	2001–2005	3996 cc	V8	184 kW (250 PS; 247 hp)	560 N·m (413 lbf·ft)	8.1 seconds	213 km/j (132 mph)

Facelift

Mercedes-Benz revised and updated the W163 in 2001 for the 2002 model year. Styling updates involved the fitment of new head- and tail-lamp lenses, front and rear bumpers, new alloy wheels on most variants, the relocation of the side turn signals from the fenders to the side-view mirrors, and various interior trim changes. At the same time, the ML 430 was replaced by the 5.0-litre V8-powered ML 500 and a new 4.0-litre V8 turbodiesel ML 400 CDI became available in Europe. The following year, in 2002, Mercedes-Benz launched the ML 350 fitted with a 3.7-litre V6 engine. The ML 350 replaced the ML 320 in some markets, but supplemented it in others.

The W163 was available as a seven-seat version, with two seats in a third row. Access was problematic and the seats were not suitable for large adults so the seven seater ML-Class was discontinued after the 2005 model year and replaced by the larger GL-Class.

The previous Popemobile was based on a W163 series ML 430 and has been in service since July 2002.^[244] Volkswagen had offered to build a new vehicle based on the Touareg, but Pope Benedict XVI opted to continue using his predecessor's Mercedes-Benz-manufactured vehicle.^[245]

=Generasi kedua (W164; 2007-2012)

Generasi kedua (W164; 2006–2011(2007-2012 ASEAN))

Second generation (W164)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	2005–2011
Tahun model	2006–2011 2007-2012 ASEAN
Pemasangan	United States: Vance, Alabama
Enjin	3.5 L M272 E35 (petrol) 5.0 L V8 (petrol) 4.6 L M273 E47 (petrol) 5.5 L M273 E55 (petrol) 6.2 L M156 6.2 (petrol) 3.0 L V6 turbo (diesel) 4.0 L V8 (diesel)
Penghantaran	7-speed automatic (7G-Tronic)
Jarak roda	2,913 mm (114.7 in)
Panjang	4,813 mm (189.5 in) AMG: 4,821 mm (189.8 in) Hybrid: 4,806 mm (189.2 in)
Lebar	1,910 mm (75 in) AMG: 1,951 mm (76.8 in) Hybrid: 1,976 mm (77.8 in)
Tinggi	1,815 mm (71.5 in) AMG: 1,862 mm (73.3 in)
Berat Curb	2,150 kg (4,740 lb)
Pereka bentuk	Andreas Deufel, Holger Hutzenlaub,^[246] Steve Mattin^[247] (2001)

In 1999, development on a successor to the W163 began under the codename "W164" and spanned a period of 6 years. First design drafts have appeared in 2000 with the first production models in scale 1:4, and in 2001, three full-sized versions have been prepared.^[246] By late 2001, the production design styled by Steve Mattin under Peter Pfeiffer was chosen and approved by the executive board in 2002.^[247] The design patents were filed in Germany on 10 June 2003, and in the U.S. on 25 July. Prototype testing was conducted throughout 2003 and 2004, concluding in early 2005. The redesigned M-class (chassis name W164) was introduced in April 2005 as a 2006 model after a showing at the North American International Auto Show in January. It was almost entirely new, with a more sporting, aerodynamic look—the coefficient of drag went down to 0.34 compared with the previous generation. Mercedes-Benz has also made the new M-Class 71 mm larger, 150 mm longer and 5 mm lower than the first model. The M-Class was named "Best New Sport Utility Vehicle" in the 2006 Canadian Car of the Year awards.

Mercedes-Benz extensively publicised the US$600 million spent to update its factory and add manufacturing space for the new R-Class. According to early automotive press reports, the 2006 M-Class vehicles demonstrated vast improvements in quality.

The W164 platform used for the new M-Class is shared with the new GL-Class and is a unibody type rather than the former (W163) body-on-frame used by the M-Class vehicles produced from 1998–2005. The X164 GL-Class, a longer seven-seater version of the W164 platform, is also available.

New features in the 2006 M-Class include the 7G-Tronic seven-speed automatic transmission, optional Active Curve-Illuminating Bi-Xenon headlights which "steer" in the path of the vehicle, and an adjustable-height air suspension. The manual transmission has been dropped. Permanent 4Matic four-wheel drive remained, with one-speed transfer case (no low range), center limited-slip differential and four-wheel electronic traction system (4-ETS). In most countries except the U.S., an Off-Road Pro package with center and rear differential locks, 4-ETS, two-speed transfer case with reduction gearing, and adjustable ground clearance was available as an option increasing the original fording depth from 500 mm to 600 mm.

The AMG version of the W164, the ML 63 AMG, was introduced at the 2006 North American International Auto Show as a limited edition 2007 model. It features a 6.2 L M156 V8 engine producing 510 PS (375 kW) and 465 lb·ft (630 N·m) that is handcrafted in Germany. The engine is added to an AMG Speedshift 7G-Tronic seven-speed automatic transmission. The 2006 ML 63 AMG can accelerate from 0–60 mph (96 km/h) in just 4.8 seconds, or from 0–62 mph (100 km/h) in just 5.0 seconds. These impressive features made the ML 63 AMG the most powerful naturally aspirated V8 SUV in the world.^[248]

Facelift

2008 facelift

2008 facelift (ML 63 AMG)

By 2007, design work on updates to the W164 were finalized and patented domestically in Germany on 23 November 2007. The 2009 Mercedes-Benz M-Class got a minor facelift as it debuted at the 2008 New York International Auto Show in March 2008.

This facelift includes new front headlights, redesigned front and rear bumpers, new exterior mirrors, new rim choices, a larger front grille, restyled interior, and a new ML 420 CDI engine choice. The ML 280 CDI became the ML 300 CDI, the 320 CDI became the 350 CDI, and the 420 CDI became the 450 CDI.

Models using Bluetec Diesel engine with urea injection were introduced in 2008 for the 2009 model year.

At the 2009 New York International Auto Show, Mercedes-Benz showed their ML 450 Hybrid SUV, which was announced on 8 April 2009. The ML 450 Hybrid consumes almost 50% less fuel than the ML 550 does, even though it produces over 90% of the power generated by the V8 model. Total power generated will be 335 hp (250 kW) and 381 lb·ft (517 N·m) of torque, while getting 24 mpg_‑US (9.8 L/100 km) on the highway and 21 mpg_‑US (11 L/100 km) in the city, according to United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimates. The engine itself runs on the Atkinson cycle and by itself makes 275 hp.^[249] The ML 450 was developed under the Global Hybrid Cooperation, and will only be available in the United States under lease.^[250]^[251]

In 2011, Mercedes-Benz came out with their flagship SUV model, the Mercedes-Benz M BlueTec Grand Edition. The vehicle had cosmetic changes, including specially-manufactured 22-inch 10 spoke wheels, black leather with white stitching, and smokers package with Grand Edition modeling. The exterior consisted of new wheels, tinted headlights & tail lights, xenon-package (Led Tail lights and daytime running lights)(Xenon headlights), black grille, AMG, and side-view mirrors. The Grand Edition was offered in Midnight Blue, Black, and Ivory White, differentiating the basic model by colour already. The interior had changes, including deletion of the heated steering wheel and the replacement with an AMG steering wheel.

=Generasi ketiga (W166; 2013-2018)

Generasi ketiga (W166; 2011–2019 (2013-2018))

Third generation (W166)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class (facelift)
Pengeluaran	July 2011–2019 2013-2018 ASEAN
Pemasangan	United States: Vance, Alabama (Mercedes-Benz U.S. International) India: Pune, Maharashtra (Mercedes-Benz India Pvt Ltd) Indonesia: Wanaherang, Bogor (MBDI)^[252] Thailand: Samut Prakarn (TAAP)
Gaya badan	5-door SUV 5-door coupé SUV
Enjin	Petrol engines: 3.5 L M 276 DE 35 V6 (petrol) 3.0 L M 276 DE 30 red. V6 bi-turbo (petrol) 4.7 L M 278 DE 46 AL V8 bi-turbo (petrol) 5.5 L M157 DE 55 AL V8 Bi-turbo (petrol) Diesel engines: 2.1 L OM 651 DE 22 LA I4 turbo (diesel) 3.0 L OM642 LS DE 30LA V6 turbo (diesel) PHEVs: 3.0 L M 276 DE 30 AL V6 biturbo Plug-in Hybrid + electric motor
Penghantaran	7-speed automatic 9-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,916 mm (114.8 in)
Panjang	4,803 mm (189.1 in) AMG: 4,820 mm (189.8 in) Hybrid: 4,780 mm (188.2 in)
Lebar	1,926 mm (75.8 in) AMG: 1,950 mm (76.8 in) Hybrid: 1,980 mm (77.8 in)
Tinggi	1,796 mm (70.7 in) AMG: 1,860 mm (73.3 in)
Berat Curb	2,150 kg (4,740 lb)
Pereka bentuk	Emiel Burki (2008)^[253]

Mercedes-Benz ML 250 BlueTEC (Australia)

Mercedes-Benz ML 63 AMG

Interior

In 2006, development began on the next-generation M-Class and spanned over a period of 5 years, a shorter duration than its predecessor. In 2008, the final design by Emiel Burki was approved and patented domestically on 16 December 2008 (U.S. design patent filed on 15 June 2009). The newly redesigned M-Class (chassis name W166) was introduced in pre-production form 10 June 2011 as a 2012 model. The first customer-designated W166 rolled off the Vance production line on 20 July.^[254] It is moderately refined, taking styling cues from the new generation Mercedes-Benz E-Class. An increase in rear seat legroom has been implemented, alongside adjustable rear back-rests. It was to be launched in September 2011.

New features in the 2012 M-Class include an updated 7G-Tronic Plus seven-speed automatic transmission to provide improved fuel economy, optional Adaptive Cruise Control (Distronic Plus), Active Lane Departure Warning System, and an adjustable-height air suspension (AirMatic). An ACTIVE CURVE SYSTEM with active anti-roll bars for body roll compensation was introduced.^[255]

The W166 was one of the last vestiges of the joint venture between Daimler and Chrysler while they were a consolidated company. DaimlerChrysler developed the core platform and technology, benefitting from Chrysler's strong SUV sales and R&D domestically. The underlying platform work was largely completed in 2006, as the two companies were separated. Chrysler uses the same platform to power the Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2) and Dodge Durango. Because of the separation however, the cars are extremely different in terms of interior and body design as well as engine choices. Aside from engines, the three SUVs share many powertrain components, including some transmissions.

An On&Off Road Package is available for most markets (now including North America) as of the 2013 model year. The package adds a two-speed dual range Magna Powertrain transfer case with center differential lock, reduction gearing, underbody skid plates, and a 6-mode selectable terrain driving program system. The rear differential lock has been discontinued.^[256]

Open front and rear differentials are fitted, and use four-wheel electronic traction system (4-ETS) to simulate front and rear differential locks.

The Mercedes M-Class won first place in the "Luxury Crossover SUV" category and has been named the most ideal vehicle for Americans based on a study undertaken by California-based automotive research and consulting firm AutoPacific.^[257]

Mercedes-Benz India established a manufacturing plant in Chakan, Pune in early 2009^[258] that rolled out the first W166 M-Class to be built outside the US in October 2012.^[259] In the following month, Mercedes-Benz Indonesia began M-Class assembly at a factory in Wanaherang, West Java.^[260] These plants perform final assembly of vehicles shipped as "knocked-down" kits from Vance, USA.

In the second half of 2015 a facelifted W166 was released as the GLE, along with a coupé version.

The previous Popemobile was based on the 2012 M-Class and was delivered in December 2012.

Engines (2012–2019)

Petrol engines^[261]
Model	Years	Type	Power, torque@rpm
ML 350 BlueEFFICIENCY 4MATIC	2012–2015	3,498 cc (3.5 L) 24V V6 NA (Mercedes-Benz M276 DE 35 engine)	306 PS (302 hp; 225 kW) @6500, 370 N·m (273 lb·ft) @3500–5250
ML 400 / GLE 400 4MATIC	2015–2019	2,996 cc (3.0 L) 24V V6 BiTurbo (Mercedes-Benz M276 DELA 30 engine)	333 PS (328 hp; 245 kW) @5250–6000, 480 N·m (354 lb·ft) @1600–4000
ML 550 4MATIC	2012–2014	4,663 cc (4.7 L) 32V V8 BiTurbo	408 PS (402 hp; 300 kW) @5000–5750, 600 N·m (443 lb·ft) @1600–4750
ML 63 / GLE 63 AMG (with 4MATIC)	2012–2019	5,461 cc (5.5 L) 32V V8 Biturbo (Mercedes-Benz M157 engine)	525 PS (518 hp; 386 kW) @5250, 700 N·m (516 lb·ft) @1750–5000 Performance Package: 557 PS (549 hp; 410 kW) @5750, 760 N·m (561 lb·ft) @2000–5000

Diesel engines^[261]
Model	Years	Type	Power, torque@rpm
ML 250 BlueTEC 4MATIC / GLE 250d 4MATIC	2012–2019	2,143 cc (2.1 L) 16V I4 Bi-turbo Mercedes-Benz OM651 DE 22 LA engine	204 PS (201 hp; 150 kW) @4200, 500 N·m (369 lb·ft) @1600–1800
ML 350 BlueTEC 4MATIC / GLE 350d 4MATIC	2012–2019	2,987 cc (3.0 L) 24V V6 Single turbo Mercedes-Benz OM 642 LS DE 30 LA engine)	258 PS (254 hp; 190 kW) @3800, 620 N·m (457 lb·ft) @1600–2400

Plug-in Hybrid engines^[261]
Model	Years	Type	Power, torque@rpm
GLE 500e	2016–2019	2,996 cc (3.0 L) 24V V6 Bi-turbo (Mercedes-Benz M276 DELA 30 engine)	245 kW (333 PS; 329 bhp) at 5,250-6,000 (Engine) / 86 kW (117 PS; 115 bhp) (Electric), 480 N·m (354 lb·ft) at 1,600-4,000 (Engine) / 340 N·m (251 lb·ft) (Electric)

Facelift (GLE-Class)

The Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class is a sport utility vehicle (SUV) built by the German car manufacturer Mercedes-Benz. The GLE-Class name was used in 2015 for the facelifted Mercedes-Benz M-Class (W166)^[262] and the new five-door coupé derivative GLE-Class Coupe (C292) which was unveiled to the public in January 2015 at the North American International Auto Show. As part of Mercedes-Benz's new naming strategy, the GLE-Class will define the SUV's positioning in the middle of its segment and between the future GLC and GLS-Classes (the former GLK and GL, respectively), the same way the E-Class is positioned in relation to the C and S-Classes.

Body variants

GLE wagon

GLE Coupe

GLE 43 AMG Coupe

Interior (GLE)

SUV (W166)

The W166 facelift was unveiled at the New York Auto Show.^[263] The GLE 500 e is the first plug-in hybrid in this model range, combining a 333 hp V6 engine with a 116 hp electric motor.^[263] The first 19 units were delivered in the American market in June 2016.^[264]

Coupe (C292)

The Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class Coupe (C292) is the coupé version and is heavily related to the W166, sharing its platform, mechanicals and interior (but having a completely unique body with a similar design).^[262] The C292 coupe was unveiled to the public in January 2015 at the North American International Auto Show.

The GLE Coupé will be built in Alabama with the future GLE-Class on which it is based.^[265] Sales are expected from the second half of 2015. The range is topped by the Mercedes-AMG GLE 63 S-Model, powered by a new 5.5-litre twin turbo V8 producing 585 bhp and 768 Nm of torque,^[266] making it one of the quickest of its type.^[267]

Safety

NHTSA^[268]		Euro NCAP^[269]
Overall:		Overall:
Frontal – Driver:		Adult occupant:	pts / 96%
Frontal – Passenger:		Child occupant:	pts / %
Side – Driver:		Pedestrian:	pts / 60%
Side – Passenger:		Driver assist:	pts / %
Side Pole – Driver:
Rollover:	/ 17.9%

IIHS scores^[270]
Category	Rating
Moderate overlap frontal offset	Good
Small overlap frontal offset (Nov 2013–present)	Good¹
Side impact	Good
Roof strength	Good²

¹ vehicle structure rated "Acceptable"

² strength-to-weight ratio: 6.68

=Generasi keempat (W167; 2019-present)

Generasi keempat (W167; 2019–present)

Fourth generation (W167)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	2019–present
Pemasangan	United States: Vance, Alabama (Mercedes-Benz U.S. International) Thailand: Samut Prakan (Thonburi Automotive Assembly Plant) Indonesia: Bogor, West Java (Mercedes-Benz Indonesia)
Gaya badan	5-door SUV 5-door coupé SUV
Enjin	Petrol: 2.0 L M264 turbocharged I4 3.0 L M256 mild hybrid Turbo I6 4.0 L M177 mild hybrid bi-turbo V8 Diesel: 2.0 L OM654 turbodiesel I4 2.0 L OM654 PHEV turbodiesel I4 2.9 L OM656 turbodiesel I6
Penghantaran	9-speed 9G-Tronic automatic 7-speed AMG Speedshift automatic
Jarak roda	2,995 mm (117.9 in)^[271] 3,075 mm (121.1 in) (LWB)
Panjang	4,935 mm (194.3 in) 5,040 mm (198.4 in) (LWB)
Lebar	1,948 mm (76.7 in) 2,156 mm (84.9 in) (with mirrors)
Tinggi	1,796 mm (70.7 in)
Berat Curb	2,130 kg (4,696 lb)

The fourth generation GLE-Class was unveiled at the 2018 Paris Motor Show.

At launch, the GLE will be sold with two engine options. The GLE 350 will have a 2-liter 4-cylinder engine with 255 hp (259 PS; 190 kW) and the GLE 450 with a 3-liter, inline-6, turbocharged engine with 362 hp (367 PS; 270 kW) and 369 lb·ft (500 N·m) torque. The GLE 450 will have a 48V electric system with an integrated starter motor. The system powers the air-conditioner, in-car electronics and the electronically driven turbocharger. For the first time, the GLE also adds a seven-seat option.

The AMG GLE 53 was introduced at the 2019 Geneva Motor Show in March. It has a 3.0 L turbo I6 boosted to 429 hp (435 PS; 320 kW) and 384 lb·ft (521 N·m) torque. A 48V electric system like in the GLE 450 features EQ Boost for an extra 21 hp (16 kW) and 184 lb·ft (249 N·m) torque on demand.^[272]

Long-Wheelbase GLE-Class (V167)

The fourth-generation GLE saw the introduction of a long-wheelbase (LWB) variant, which as of 2020 is currently only sold in India. The LWB has a wheelbase that is 8 centimetres longer than that of the standard version.^[273]

The LWB GLE is very similar in size to smaller 3-row SUVs like the Audi Q7, Infiniti JX and Acura MDX. However, unlike those vehicles, the LWB is still designed as a default 2-row SUV, with most (69mm) of the additional length being put into use in the second row. As such, the LWB's primary market is moreso executives than families, and a close competitor is the Range Rover. Available powertrains include a 2.0-litre turbodiesel (300d), 3.0-litre turbodiesel (400d), and 3.0-litre petrol (450), all making the same power as in the SWB counterparts.

In India, the LWB's only market, the SWB is not sold. Mercedes currently has no plans on bringing the LWB to Europe or North America.^[274]

Engines (2019–present)

Model	Years	Configuration	Displacement	Power	Torque	0–100 km/h (0-62 mph)	Top speed
Petrol engines
GLE 350 / 4MATIC	02/2019–	1991 cc	Inline-4 Turbo	190 kW (258 PS; 255 hp)	370 N·m (273 lbf·ft)	7.6 seconds	228 km/j (142 mph)
GLE 450 4MATIC	02/2019–	2999 cc	Inline-6 Turbo + EQ Boost	270 kW (367 PS; 362 hp)	500 N·m (369 lbf·ft)	5.7 seconds	250 km/j (155 mph)
AMG GLE 53 4MATIC+	2020–	2999 cc	Inline-6 Turbo + EQ Boost	320 kW (435 PS; 429 hp)	520 N·m (384 lbf·ft)	5.3 seconds	250 km/j (155 mph)
GLE 580 4MATIC	09/2019–	3982 cc	V8 Biturbo + EQ Boost	360 kW (489 PS; 483 hp)	700 N·m (516 lbf·ft)	4.9 seconds	250 km/j (155 mph)
AMG GLE 63 4MATIC+	2020–	3982 cc	V8 Biturbo + EQ Boost	420 kW (571 PS; 563 hp) @ 5750 – 6500 rpm	750 N·m (553 lbf·ft) @ 2250 – 5000 rpm	4.0 seconds	250 km/j (155 mph) 280 km/j (174 mph) (with AMG Drivers Package)
AMG GLE 63 S 4MATIC+	2020–	3982 cc	V8 Biturbo + EQ Boost	450 kW (612 PS; 603 hp) @ 5750 – 6500 rpm	850 N·m (627 lbf·ft) @ 2500 – 4500 rpm	3.8 seconds	280 km/j (174 mph)
Diesel engines
GLE 300d 4MATIC	09/2019–	1950 cc	Inline-4	180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp)	500 N·m (369 lbf·ft)	7.2 seconds	225 km/j (140 mph)
GLE 350de 4MATIC	09/2019–	1950 cc	Inline-4 Turbo + Plug-in hybrid	235 kW (320 PS; 315 hp)	700 N·m (516 lbf·ft)	6.8 seconds	210 km/j (130 mph)
GLE 350d 4MATIC	09/2019–	2927 cc	Inline-6	200 kW (272 PS; 268 hp)	600 N·m (443 lbf·ft)	6.9 seconds	230 km/j (143 mph)
GLE 400d 4MATIC	09/2019–	2927 cc	Inline-6	243 kW (330 PS; 326 hp)	700 N·m (516 lbf·ft)	5.8 seconds	240 km/j (149 mph)

Mercedes-Benz GLE 350
Mercedes-Benz GLE 450
Mercedes-Benz GLE 450
Mercedes-AMG GLE 53
Mercedes-AMG GLE 53
Mercedes-AMG GLE 63 S
Mercedes-AMG GLE 53 Coupe

= Mid Size SUV

= BMW X7 (2019-Present)

BMW X7
2019 BMW X7 Xdrive40
Maklumat
Pengilang	BMW
Pengeluaran	2018–present
Tahun model	2019–present
Pemasangan	United States: Greer, South Carolina (BMW Plant Spartanberg)
Kelas	Full-size luxury SUV^[275]
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	All-wheel drive (xDrive)
Pelantar	Cluster Architecture (CLAR)
Enjin	Petrol: 3.0 L B58 I6 turbo 4.4 L N63 V8 twin-turbo Diesel: 3.0 L B57 I6 turbo 3.0 L B57 I6 quad-turbocharged
Penghantaran	8-speed automatic
Berkait	BMW X5

The BMW X7 is a full-sized luxury sport utility vehicle manufactured by BMW. It is BMW's flagship Sports Activity Vehicle (SAV) and the company's biggest SUV.^[276]

The X7 was first announced by BMW in March 2014.^[277] It was officially unveiled on October 17, 2018, with pre-orders being taken online. The X7 has been available at dealers since March 2019.^[278]

On July 5, 2019, a pickup truck concept car was unveiled, not intended for production.^[279]

= First Generation (2019)

First generation (G07; 2018–present)

BMW provided a preview of the upcoming X7 with the showing of the Concept X7 iPerformance at the 2017 International Motor Show in Frankfurt.^[280] Production of the X7 started in 2018 at the BMW US Manufacturing Company plant in Greer, South Carolina.

The X7 has three rows of seats and is built on the same BMW CLAR platform as the G05 X5.^[281] In contrast to the X5, it is not available with rear-wheel drive, instead using an all-wheel drive (xDrive) drivetrain for all models. In Europe, diesel and petrol engines are available, while the choice is limited to inline-6 and V8 petrol engines in the United States.^[282]

Due to its large size and poor environmental record, Environmental Action Germany nominated the car for their Goldener Geier (Golden Vulture) 2020 award.^[283]

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^ "Goldener Geier 2020" [Golden vuture 2020] (dalam bahasa Jerman). Dicapai pada 29 Jun 2020.

= Toyota Land Cruiser LC (1951-Present)

Toyota Land Cruiser
2019 Toyota Land Cruiser LC
Maklumat
Pengilang	Toyota
Pengeluaran	1951–present
Kelas	Off-road vehicle/Full-size SUV

The Toyota Land Cruiser (Japanese: トヨタ・ランドクルーザーcode: ja is deprecated , Toyota Rando-Kurūzā) is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles produced by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota. It is Toyota's longest running series of models and the second longest-running SUV in production behind the Chevrolet Suburban.^[1] Setakat 2019^{[kemas kini]} , the sales of the Land Cruiser totalled more than 10 million units worldwide.^[2]

Production of the first generation of the Land Cruiser began in 1951^[2] as Toyota's version of a Jeep-like vehicle.^[3]^[4] The Land Cruiser has been produced in convertible, hardtop, station wagon and cab chassis body styles. The Land Cruiser's reliability and longevity have led to huge popularity, especially in Australia, where it is the best-selling body-on-frame, four-wheel drive vehicle.^[5] Toyota also extensively tests the Land Cruiser in the Australian outback – considered to be one of the toughest operating environments in both temperature and terrain.^[6]^[7]^[8] In Japan, the Land Cruiser is exclusive to Toyota Japanese dealerships called Toyota Store.

Setakat 2018^{[kemas kini]} , the Land Cruiser (J200) is available in many markets. Exceptions include Canada, Malaysia (which receives the Lexus LX instead), Hong Kong, Macau, Mongolia, Singapore, South Korea, Brazil, Thailand, and large parts of Europe. In Europe, the only countries where the Land Cruiser is officially sold are Gibraltar, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine. The Land Cruiser is also hugely popular in Africa, where it is used by farmers, NGO's, UN and humanitarian organizations, by national armies (often the pickup version) as well as by irregular armed groups who turn them into 'technicals' by mounting machine guns in the rear.

Origin

When the Imperial Japanese Army occupied the Philippines in 1941, they found an American Jeep and promptly sent it to Japan. The Japanese military authorities ordered Toyota to produce a similar vehicle but to alter the appearance. The resulting Model AK prototype led to the Yon-Shiki Kogata Kamotsu-Sha (四式小型貨物車 type 4 compact cargo-truck).^[9] The Imperial Army was already using the Kurogane Type 95 four wheel drive reconnaissance car starting in 1936.

Later in 1941, the Japanese government instructed Toyota to produce a light truck for Japan's military. In 1942, Toyota developed the AK10 prototype by reverse-engineering a Bantam GP. The half-ton truck features an upright front grille, flat front wheel arches that angled down and back like the FJ40, headlights mounted above the wheel arches on either side of the radiator, and a folding windshield.

The AK10 is powered by the 2,259 cc (2.3 L), 4-cylinder Type C engine from the Toyota Model AE sedan coupled to a three-speed manual transmission and a two-speed transfer gearbox. Unlike the U.S. Jeep, the AK10 had limited use and photographs of it in the battlefield are rare.

In June 1954, responding to claims of trademark violation by the Willys Company that produced the original Jeep, then Director of Technology Hanji Umehara renamed the vehicle "Land Cruiser."

The postwar Toyota "Jeep" BJ is completely different from the AK10 and inherits no mechanical parts from it. However, a lot of lessons learned while developing the AK10 were applied when developing the BJ.^[10]

= First Generation (BJ & FJ 1951-1955)

Off-road oriented models

BJ and FJ (1951–1955)

BJ and FJ

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	1951–1955
Pemasangan	Toyota City, Japan (Arakawa Auto Body)
Gaya badan	2-door softtop
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Enjin	3.4 L B I6 3.9 L F I6
Jarak roda	2,650 mm (104.3 in)

History

In 1950, the Korean War created demand for a military light utility vehicle. The war put a Jeep on Japan's doorstep. The United States government ordered 100 vehicles with the then-new Willys specifications and tasked Toyota to manufacture them. The Toyota "Jeep" BJ prototype was developed in January 1951. This came from the demand for military-type utility vehicles, much like the British Land Rover Series 1 that was developed in 1948. The Jeep BJ was larger than the original U.S. Jeep and more powerful courtesy of its Type B 3.4-litre six-cylinder OHV Four-stroke petrol engine which generated a power output of 63 kW (84 hp; 85 PS) at 3,600 rpm and 215 N·m (159 lb·ft) of torque at 1,600 rpm. It had a part-time four-wheel drive system like the Jeep. However, and unlike the Jeep, the Jeep BJ had no low-range transfer case. In July 1951, Toyota's test driver Ichiro Taira drove the next generation of the Jeep BJ prototype up to the sixth stage of Mount Fuji, the first vehicle to climb that height. The test was overseen by the National Police Agency (NPA). Impressed by this feat, the NPA quickly placed an order for 289 of these offroad vehicles, making the Jeep BJ their official patrol car.^[11]

For the first two years, manufacture was exclusively to order and in small volumes.^[12] In 1953, however, regular production of the "Toyota Jeep BJ" began at the Toyota Honsya Plant (rolling chassis assembly). The body assembly and painting was done at Arakawa Bankin Kogyo KK, later known as ARACO (now an affiliate of Toyota Auto Body Company).^[11] The "Toyota Jeep BJ" Series was introduced in the following variants:

BJ-T (Touring),
BJ-R (Radio),
BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

The next year, the name "Land Cruiser" was coined by the technical director Hanji Umehara. "In England we had another competitor — Land Rover. I had to come up with a name for our car that would not sound less dignified than those of our competitors. That is why I decided to call it 'Land Cruiser'", he recalls.^[11] The name had already been used on the Studebaker Land Cruiser which was produced from 1934 to 1954. The 92 kW (123 hp; 125 PS), 3.9 L Type F petrol engine was added to the Land Cruiser range for the first time, originally only in the fire-engine chassis. The models were renamed:

BJ-T (Touring),
BJ-R (Radio),
BJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine),
FJ-J (Cowl-chassis for a fire-engine).

= Second Generation (J20, J30 1955-1960)

J20, J30 (1955–1960)

J20/J30

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Bandeirante (Brazil)
Pengeluaran	1955–1960
Pemasangan	Toyota City, Japan (Arakawa Auto Body) São Bernardo, Brazil (Toyota do Brasil)
Gaya badan	2-door softtop 2-door hardtop 2-door pickup truck 5-door station wagon
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive
Enjin	3.4 L B I6 3.9 L F I6
Jarak roda	2,285 mm (90.0 in) 2,430 mm (95.7 in) 2,650 mm (104.3 in)

History

1955 – The Second generation of the Land Cruiser called the 20 Series was introduced. It was designed to have a more civilian appeal than the BJ for export reasons. It also had more stylish bodywork and a better ride courtesy of longer four-plate leaf springs which had been adapted from the Toyota Light Truck. It had a more powerful 99 kW (135 PS; 133 hp) 3.9 L six-cylinder Type F petrol engine, but adopted the previous generation's three-speed gearbox. The interior of the vehicles were made more comfortable by moving the engine 120 mm (4.7 in) forward. The 20 Series still had no low range transfer case, but had synchronism on the third and fourth gears.^{[perlu rujukan]}
1957 – A 4-door Station Wagon was added called the FJ35V which was based on a 2,650 mm (104.3 in) wheelbase. The Land Cruiser first imported into Australia by B&D Motors as the FJ25/28 cab chassis with Australian made bodies.^[13] The Land Cruiser was the first Japanese vehicle to be regularly exported to the country.^[14] A small number of Land Cruisers were initially used in the Snowy Mountains Scheme by contractor Theiss Constructions.^[15]
1958 – FJ25 production commenced in Brazil; this being the first Toyota vehicle built outside Japan. These were sold as the "Toyota Bandeirante" from January 1962 when the Toyota petrol engine was replaced with a Mercedes-Benz diesel engine. The FJ25 models were built until August 1968 in Brazil.^[16] Production numbers were fairly low; in 1965, the production total was 961 vehicles.^[17]

Bandeirante timeline

1959:
- FJ25 – Short open (topless) bushdrive car – motor Toyota F (May 1959 to 1960/61) – new in 1959 (also referred to as FJ251)
1960/1961:
- FJ25L – Short soft top bushdrive car – motor Toyota F (1960/1961 to 1960/1961) – new in 1960/1961 (also referred to as FJ251L)
- FJ151L – Short soft top bushdrive car – motor Toyota 2F (1960/1961 to December 1961) – replaces the FJ25/FJ251 and the FJ25L/FJ251L (there are few mentions in literature and no preserved ones known; it could be even doubted if it's ever been actually built)
1962:
- TB25L – Short soft top bushdrive car – motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 (January 1962 to – 1966?) – replaces the FJ151L (or FJ25L/FJ251L?)
- TB25L – Short hard top bushdrive car – motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 (January 1962 to – 1966?) – new in 1962
- TB41L – Long hard top bushdrive car – motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 (September 1962 to July 1968) – new in 1962
- TB51L – Short pickup with native bed – motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 (September 1962 to January 1966)
1965:
- TB51L3 – Short 3-door double cabin pickup with native bed and steel bed cover – motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 (1965 to ?) – new in 1965; possibly only one unit was built
1962–1968:
- OJ32L – Short soft top bushdrive car – motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 (1966? – to August 1968) – replaces the soft top TB25L
- OJ31L – Short hard top bushdrive car – motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 (1966? – to August 1968) – replaces the hard top TB25L
- TB81L – Short pickup with native bed – motor Mercedes-Benz OM-324 (February 1966 to August 1968) – replaces the TB51L

= Third Generation (J40, J50 1960-1983)

J40 (1960–1984)

J40

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Bandeirante (Brazil) Toyota Macho (Venezuela)
Pengeluaran	1960–1984
Pemasangan	Toyota City, Japan São Bernardo, Brazil (Toyota do Brasil) Cumana, Venezuela Jakarta, Indonesia^[18]
Gaya badan	2-door softtop 2-door hardtop 2-door pickup truck 4-door station wagon
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Enjin	Petrol: 3.9 L F I6^[19] 4.2 L 2F I6^[19] 3.0 L B diesel I4^[19] Diesel: 3.2 L 2B diesel I4 3.4 L 3B I4 3.6 L H I6^[19] 4.0 L 2H I6
Penghantaran	3-speed manual 4-speed manual (from 1974) 5-speed manual (from 1984)
Jarak roda	2,285 mm (90.0 in) 2,430 mm (95.7 in) 2,650 mm (104.3 in) 2,950 mm (116.1 in)
Panjang	3,840.5 mm (151.2 in)
Lebar	1,666.2 mm (65.6 in)
Tinggi	1,950.7 mm (76.8 in) (softtop) 2,000 mm (78.8 in) (hardtop)
Berat Curb	1,480 kg (3,263 lb) (softtop) 1,554 kg (3,427 lb) (hardtop)

History

1960 – The 20 Series was upgraded to the now classic 40 Series. Toyota made many production changes by buying new steel presses. Mechanically, the FJ40 was given a new 93 kW (126 PS; 125 hp), 3.9 L F engine and the Land Cruiser finally received low-range gearing, but continued the three-speed main gearbox.
1965 – Global production surpassed 50,000 vehicles. The Land Cruiser was the best selling Toyota vehicle in the United States.
1968 – The 100,000th Land Cruiser was sold worldwide. Brazilian J40 production, as the Bandeirante, commenced in September. The Bandeirante has a Mercedes-Benz-built diesel engine generating a power output of 58 kW (79 PS; 78 hp).
1972 – The 200,000th Land Cruiser was sold.
1973 – The 300,000th Land Cruiser was sold. The first diesel Land Cruiser was introduced for export based on a long wheelbase with a six-cylinder H engine^{[perlu rujukan]}.
1974 – A four-cylinder 3.0 L B diesel engine was offered. The introduction of this engine boosted sales in Japan by putting the Land Cruiser in a lower tax compact freight-car category as compared to the 3.9 L petrol version.

Note: the new B diesel engine was different from the B petrol engine used in the original BJ.

1975 – The 3.9 L petrol engine was replaced by a larger, more powerful 4.2 L 2F unit and the FJ55 received front disc brakes. The 3.6 L H diesel engine was optional in some markets in the HJ45.^[19]
1976 – FJ40 Land Cruiser (United States-version) received front disc brakes like the FJ55. The Toyota Land Cruiser Association was founded in California.
1977 – The Irish Army took delivery of the first of 77 FJ45 Land Cruisers. Although fast, reliable and with good off-road performance the vehicle tended to rust excessively in the wet Irish climate. A few which did not succumb to the effects of weather were repainted in gloss olive green and survive as ceremonial gun tractors at military funerals.
1978 – The first BJ/FJ40 and FJ55 models were officially sold in West Germany with both diesel (BJ40) and petrol engines (FJ40/55).
1979 – FJ40 (United States-version) was updated this year with a new wider, square bezel surrounding the headlights. Power steering and cooler were offered in FJ40 for the first time The diesel engine was improved, evolving into the 3.2 L 2B unit but only in Japanese markets.
1980 – The H diesel engine (HJ45) was replaced by the 4.0 L 2H engine (now with chassis code HJ47).^[19]
1981 – the Diesel version received front disc brakes and the more powerful 3.4 L 3B engine, and the LWB BJ45 with 3B engine was added to the range.
1983 – the last FJ40s imported to the U.S. were 1983 models (mid-1982 to mid-1983). It is unknown how many were imported by Toyota, but many guess the number to be around 300. The 1983 FJ40s typically bring a premium for their rarity, though they are not much different from 1982 models (mid-1981 to mid-1982).
1984 – the North American market was limited to Canada with the BJ42, which had a 5-speed (overdrive) transmission that was widely sought. The originally cost around CA$14,000.

Gallery

1980 Toyota Land Cruiser hardtop (FJ40)
1963 Toyota Land Cruiser Station Wagon (FJ45)
Toyota Land Cruiser pickup (FJ45)

Comfort oriented models

J50 (1967–1980)

J50
1979 FJ55 (US)
Maklumat
Pengeluaran	1967–1980
Pemasangan	Toyota City, Japan (ARACO)
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	3.9 L F I6^[19] 4.2 L 2F I6^[19]
Penghantaran	3-speed manual 4-speed manual (J30, H41 or H42)
Jarak roda	2,700 mm (106.3 in)
Panjang	4,675 mm (184.1 in)
Lebar	1,735 mm (68.3 in)
Tinggi	1,865 mm (73.4 in)

The Land Cruiser 55 was produced from 1967 to 1980. Toyota refers to the FJ55G and FJ55V as the first "real" station wagon in the Land Cruiser series, thus marking the beginning of the station wagon bodystyle. It was the first Land Cruiser to have fully enclosed box frame members. Of all the Land Cruiser wagons sold in the U.S., including the FJ45, it is the only one to not have hatch and tailgate in the rear, but rather a tailgate only with an electrically operated window that can be retracted into the tailgate.^[20]

History

1967 – Production of the FJ55 began. The FJ55 was a 4-door station wagon version based on the FJ40's Drive-train, replacing the 4-Door FJ45V (I). It was colloquially known as the "Moose". It has also been referred to as a "pig" or an "iron pig". The FJ55 had a longer wheelbase (at 2,700 mm (106 in)) and was mainly designed to be sold in North America and Australia. Fire engine versions were also available, using the regular front clip but with open bodywork and no doors.^[21]
1975 – January 1975 saw the F series engine being replaced by the 2F engine.^[19] Unusual for Toyota, the model designation (e.g. FJ55) did not change, except in Japan, where it was changed to FJ56.
July 1980 – Production ends.

Gallery

Rear view

= Fourth Generation (J60, J70 1984-1989)

J60 (1980 (1984–1990))

J60

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Samurai (Venezuela)
Pengeluaran	1980 1984–1990 ASEAN
Pemasangan	Toyota City, Japan (ARACO) Cumana, Venezuela
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	Petrol: 4.2 L 2F I6 (FJ60) 4.0 L 3F I6 (FJ62) 4.0 L 3F-E I6 (FJ62 from 1988) Diesel: 3.4 L 3B I4 (BJ60) 4.0 L 2H I6 (HJ60) 4.0 L 12H-T turbocharged I6 (HJ61)
Penghantaran	4-speed H41F or H42F manual (United States only) 4-speed A440F automatic 5-speed H55F manual
Jarak roda	2,730 mm (107.5 in)
Panjang	4,675 mm (184.1 in)
Lebar	1,800 mm (70.9 in)
Tinggi	1,750 mm (68.9 in)

The Land Cruiser 60 series was produced from 1980 through 1990, for most markets but the Cumana Plant in Venezuela continued production until 1992 for their local market. It is a front engine, four-door wagon which can seat five to eight^{[perlu rujukan]} people. Like all of the Land Cruiser generations, it is well known in the off-road world for its off-road abilities.^{[perlu rujukan]} The 60 series was available in the following exterior colours: Alpine White, Brown, Desert Beige, Freeborn Red, Royal Blue; and in the following metallic exterior colours: Charcoal Gray, Cognac, Gray-Blue, Rootbeer, Sky Blue, Stardust Silver.

History

1980 — The 60 series was introduced. While still retaining the rugged off-road characteristics of previous Land Cruisers, the 60 was designed to better compete in the emerging sport utility vehicle market. The 60 was given a variety of creature comforts like air conditioning, a rear heater and an upgraded interior. The FJ60's "2F" petrol engine was left unchanged from the "40" series while the six-cylinder 4.0 L 2H and the four-cylinder 3.4 L 3B diesel engines were added to the lineage. Less equipped versions were also available in many markets. In Europe this model was sold as the Land Cruiser Wagon Van.^[22]
1981 – Land Cruiser sales surpassed 1 million and a high-roof version was introduced. The 60 series was introduced to South Africa when a stock Land Cruiser competed in the Toyota 1000 km Desert Race in the punishing wilds of Botswana.
1984 – This was the final year for the 40 series.
1984 – Alongside the 60 series, the 70 series was introduced.
1985 – The Direct-injection 12H-T turbodiesel engine was introduced.
1988 – The petrol engine was upgraded to a 4.0 L 3F-E EFI engine. The FJ62G VX-Series was introduced allowing the Land Cruiser to be sold in Japan as a passenger vehicle.

Gallery

Toyota Land Cruiser post-facelift
Toyota Land Cruiser (FJ60; pre-facelift, rear view)
Toyota Land Cruiser GX (FJ62; post-facelift, rear view)

J70 (1984–present)

J70

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Machito (Venezuela) Zo Reken (Haiti)
Pengeluaran	1984–present
Pemasangan	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Yoshiwara plant^[23] Venezuela: Cumana
Gaya badan	2-door pickup truck 2-door hardtop 2-door softtop 3-door wagon 4-door van
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Enjin	Petrol: 2.4 L 22R I4 4.0 L 3F I6 4.5 L 1FZ-FE I6 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 Diesel: 2.4 L 2L I4 (diesel) 2.4 L 2L-T turbocharged I4 2.5 L VM HR588 turbocharged I5 (Italian markets only)^[24] 3.0 L 1KZ-T turbocharged I4 3.4 L 13B-T turbocharged I4 3.4 L PZ I5 4.0 L 2H I6 4.2 L 1HD-FTE turbocharged I6 4.2 L 1HZ I6 4.5 L 1VD-FTV turbocharged V8
Penghantaran	5-speed manual 4-speed automatic
Jarak roda	2,310 mm (90.9 in) 2,600 mm (102.4 in) 2,730 mm (107.5 in) 2,980 mm (117.3 in) 3,180 mm (125.2 in)
Panjang	4,995 mm (196.7 in)
Lebar	1,870 mm (73.6 in)
Tinggi	2,070 mm (81.5 in)

History

1984 – J70 was introduced as a soft-top, hard-top, Fibre-reinforced plastic top, utility, cab-chassis, and Troop Carrier (inward facing rear seats). The petrol engine was replaced with a 4.0 L 3F engine. The 70 Light had a four-wheel coil spring solid-axle suspension for better ride quality. This lighter duty version of the Land Cruiser had the 22R 2.4 L four-stroke petrol engine, which actually were the 2L and 2L-T (turbocharged) 2.4 L diesel engines commonly found in the Toyota Hilux. The 70 Light was sold in some markets as the Bundera or the Landcruiser II, later called 70 Prado. The 70 Prado eventually became popular and evolved into the Toyota Land Cruiser Prado (J90). An automatic transmission (A440F) was introduced making it the first four-wheel drive Japanese vehicle with an automatic transmission.
1990 – New-generation of diesel engines were introduced for the Land Cruiser including a 3.4 L five-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated engine (1PZ), and a 4.2 L six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated engine (designated the 1 HZ).
1993 to 1996 – the KZ 3.0 L turbocharged diesel engine replaced the LJ in the 70 series in European markets where this model was known as the KZJ70.
1993 – An advanced 24-valve, 4.5 L six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced.
1999 – Toyota updated the 70 series in several ways. The solid front axle received coil-spring suspension. The rear leaf springs were lengthened for increased ride comfort and wheel travel. The six-bolt wheels were replaced with five-bolt wheels. Several smaller modifications to the drivetrain provided increased durability. The long-wheel-base models received new designations: 78 for the troop carrier, and 79 for the pickup.
2002 — HDJ79 was introduced to Australia with the 1HD-FTE 4.2 L six-cylinder 24-valve turbodiesel EFI engine.
2007 – Toyota's first turbodiesel V8 engine, the 1VD-FTV was introduced in some countries for the 70 Series Land Cruiser. Other modifications include the addition of a 4-door medium-wheel-base model (the 76) and an updated front-end on all models.
2012 – the 79 Double Cab pickup was introduced in the South African markets (with the 4.2 L Diesel or 4.0 L Petrol engines) and in the Australian market (with 4.5 L V8 Diesel engine).
2014 to 2015 – the 30th Anniversary Series 70 sold in Japan as a 4-door wagon or 4-door pickup with the 1GR-FE V6 petrol engine and 5-speed manual transmission.^[25]

The Sixth and Seventh generations of the Land Cruiser are still being produced and sold in African and Latin American regions. Production of the Land Cruiser in Venezuela ended in 2008.

The 70 series is also still marketed in Australia as 4-door wagon, 2-door 'Troop Carrier', 2-door cab-chassis and 4-door cab-chassis.

The 70 series is also still being marketed in the Middle East as a 2-door and 4-door version as an SUV, and a 2-door and 4-door version as a pickup, and it is very popular there along with the regular Land Cruiser.

Gallery

BJ74 Mid wheelbase FRP-top 3.4D-T LX
VDJ78 Troop Carrier
VDJ76 GXL 5-door wagon

= Fifth Generation (J80 1990-1999)

J80 (1990–1999 (2008)

J80

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Land Cruiser Autana (Colombia and Venezuela) Wanli Land Cruiser (China, JV) Xinkai HXK5022XSC (China, JV)
Pengeluaran	January 1990 – December 1997^[26] 1992–2008 (Venezuela)^[27]
Pemasangan	Toyota City, Japan (ARACO) Cumaná, Venezuela Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China (Xinkai)
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	Petrol: 4.0 L 3F-E I6 4.5 L 1FZ-FE I6 Diesel: 4.2 L 1HZ I6 4.2 L 1HD-T turbocharged I6 4.2 L 1HD-FT turbocharged I6
Penghantaran	4-speed manual 4-speed A440F automatic 4-speed A442F automatic 4-speed A343F automatic 5-speed H150F manual 5-speed H151F manual
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Panjang	4,780 mm (188.2 in) (1990–94) 4,820 mm (189.8 in) (1995–97)
Lebar	1,830 mm (72.0 in) (1990–91) 1,930 mm (76.0 in) (1992–97)
Tinggi	1,785 mm (70.3 in) (1990–91) 1,860 mm (73.2 in) (1992–94) 1,870 mm (73.6 in) (1995–97)
Berat Curb	2,084 kg (4,594 lb) (1990–92) 2,159 kg (4,760 lb) (1993–97)
Berkait	Lexus LX 450
Pereka bentuk	Kitano Kizo (1987)^[28]^[29]^[30]

The Land Cruiser 80 series was unveiled in October 1989 at the Tokyo Motor Show and launched in early 1990. It had swing-out back doors, which were replaced by a tailgate and hatch in 1994. The Land Cruiser was nicknamed the Burbuja (Bubble) in Colombia and Venezuela due to its roundness. The J80 was initially offered in two versions in these countries: the fully loaded VX and an entry level model that included a vinyl interior with optional air conditioning. In 1996, the entry model was upgraded to a medium equipped model named Autana, including cloth upholstery, standard air conditioning and power driver seat. The name is a reference to the Tepui mesa Autana, a spectacular plateau and cave system along the Guiana Shield craton. Land Cruiser sales reached 2 million vehicles.

History

1990 – The 80 series station wagon was introduced, replacing the 60 series. All 80s sold in North America and Europe now have a full-time four-wheel drive system. In Japan, Africa, and Australia, a part-time system was still available. 80s produced between 1990 and 1991 had an open centre differential which was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO. From 1992 onward, vehicles with anti-lock brakes had a viscous coupling that sent a maximum of 30% torque to the non-slipping axle. The differential was lockable in 4HI and automatically locked in 4LO.
1990 – A new generation of diesel engines were introduced, adding to the engines available in the 80 series. The 80 series came with either a (3F-E) six-cylinder naturally aspirated petrol engine, a six-cylinder SOHC naturally aspirated diesel engine, (1HZ), or a 1HD-T direct injection turbo diesel.
1991 – By mid-1991 the 3F-E engine was introduced to the Australian market, a fuel injected version of the 3F engine.
1993 – An advanced 24-valve, 4.5 L six-cylinder petrol engine, 1FZ-FE was introduced. Larger brakes were added from October 1992 and the total wheelbase was made slightly longer. Front and rear axle lockers (code k294) were available as an option. The High Pinion Electric Locking front differential become available in the US models. In May 1993, Toyota began using R134 refrigerant in the air conditioning system. Serial numbers lower than JT3DJ81xxxxx38947 use the R12 refrigerant.
1994 – A limited edition called the Land Cruiser Blue Marlin (FZJ80) was introduced to the Australian market. They have 4.5 L straight 6 petrol engines with double-overhead cams, an automatic or manual transmission and 158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4,600 rpm. The car is blue from the Blue Marlin fish and they have the Blue Marlin logo throughout the car. Some of the features that the Blue Marlin included were altimeters, power windows, disc brakes, leather gear knob and steering wheel, central locking, leather trim, chrome handles and sidesteps, 16-inch alloy wheels, limited-slip differential, anti-lock brakes (ABS), power steering, CD or cassette players, fender flares, and a limited edition bull bar. Only 500 were made.
1995 – Driver and passenger airbags were introduced as were adjustable shoulder-belt anchors and an anti-lock braking system. The "T O Y O T A" badge was replaced with the modern Toyota logo (which is sometimes described as a "bean with a hat" aka "the sombrero").^{[perlu rujukan]}
1996 – In the Dakar Rally, a pair of Land Cruisers finished first and second in the unmodified production class. North American and British models adopted anti-lock brakes and airbags as standard equipment. The Land Cruiser was withdrawn from Canada this year and was replaced by the more luxurious Lexus LX 450.
1997 – A limited run of Land Cruiser 80 was built specifically for collectors and is therefore called the Land Cruiser Collector's Edition. The Collector's Edition has Collectors Edition badging, "Collector's Edition" embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, wheels with the "D" windows painted dark grey and special grey side moldings along with black pearl badging. The Collector's Edition was only available for the 1997 model year and the package was added to many of the available body colours.
1997 – A total of 4,744 FZJ80 Land Cruisers were sold in the United States as "40th Anniversary Limited Edition" models. They were available in 2 colours; Antique Sage Pearl (often referred to as Riverrock, Pewter, or Grey) and Emerald Green. The 40th Anniversary models included apron badges, a serial number badge on the centre console, black pearl exterior badges, "40th Anniversary Limited Edition" embroidered floor mats, automatic climate control, two-tone tan and brown leather interiors, and wheels with the "D" windows painted dark gray. Many were manufactured with the optional electric front and rear locking differentials, keyless entry, port-installed roof racks and running boards. There are some examples that did not have many of these optional extras. This was the last year for the electric locking front differentials.
2008 – Last 80-Series models was built in Venezuela^[31]^[27] which was the only country producing the vehicles after production ended in Japan in 1997.

Gallery

Land Cruiser (with swing-out back-doors)
Toyota Land Cruiser (pre-facelift with lift up tailgate)
Toyota Land Cruiser GXL (FZJ80, post facelift)
Toyota Land Cruiser 40th Anniversary (HZJ80; post-facelift, rear view)
Interior

Designation	Engine	Power	Torque	Availability
FJ80R/L	3F-E 4.0 L petrol I6	112 kW (152 PS; 150 hp) at 4,000 rpm	290 N·m (214 lb·ft) at 3,000 rpm	Australia, North America
FZJ80R/L	1FZ-FE 4.5 L petrol I6	158 kW (215 PS; 212 hp) at 4,600 rpm	373 N·m (275 lb·ft) at 3,200 rpm	Australia, Gulf Cooperation Council states, North Africa, North America
HDJ80R	1HD-T 4.2 L turbodiesel I6	115 kW (156 PS; 154 hp) at 3,600 rpm	357 N·m (263 lb·ft) at 1,800 rpm	Australia
HZJ80R	1HZ 4.2 L diesel I6	96 kW (131 PS; 129 hp) at 4,000 rpm	271 N·m (200 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm	Australia

R means Right hand drive version, excluding Japanese domestic market.

= Sixth Generation (J100 2000-2006)

J100 (1998–2007 (2000-2006))

J100
Toyota Land Cruiser (J100) Pre-facelift
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Lexus LX 470
Pengeluaran	January 1998–2007 2000-2006 ASEAN
Pemasangan	Japan: Toyota City (ARACO) China: Changchun City (Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor) (2003-2008)
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Enjin	Petrol: 4.5 L 1FZ-FE I6 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 Diesel: 4.2 L 1HZ I6 4.2 L 1HD-T turbocharged I6 4.2 L 1HD-FTE turbocharged I6
Penghantaran	4-speed automatic 5-speed automatic 5-speed manual
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Panjang	4,890 mm (192.5 in)
Lebar	1,941 mm (76.4 in)
Tinggi	1,849 mm (72.8 in)
Berat Curb	2,320 kg (5,115 lb)
Pereka bentuk	Takeo Kondo (1993)

In January 1998, the 100 series Land Cruiser was introduced to replace the 8-year-old 80 series. The 100 series was previewed in October 1997 as the "Grand Cruiser" at the 32nd Tokyo Motor Show. Development began in 1991 under code name 404T, with the final design being frozen in mid-1994.^[32]^[33]

There are two distinct versions of the 100-series, the 100 and the 105. The two versions look very similar, but there are significant differences under the bodywork. Despite these differences and official model names, both the 100 and 105 are collectively known as the 100 series.

The 105 carried over the majority of its chassis and powertrain from the 80-series with coil suspended solid axles front and rear, and straight-6 petrol and diesel engines. These models were only sold in African, Australian, Russian, and South American markets.

In 1998, a suspension system combining Active Height Control (AHC) and Skyhook TEMS Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension on the Land Cruiser J100 was introduced.^[34]

In 2002, Toyota introduced Night View, the first worldwide series production active automotive night vision system, on the Toyota Landcruiser Cygnus or Lexus LX470. This system uses the headlight projectors emitting near infrared light aimed like the car's highbeam headlights and a CCD camera then captures that reflected radiation, this signal is then processed by a computer which produces a black-and-white image which is projected on the lower section of the windshield.^[35] It was also the first Toyota vehicle with roll-over sensor and control logic^[36]

The 100 models were fitted with a slightly wider chassis,^[37] independent front suspension (IFS) and two new engines. The change to IFS was a first for a Land Cruiser, and was made (in combination with rack-and-pinion steering) to improve on-road handling. However it also limited the vehicle's off-road capability and durability, hence the decision to offer the solid axle 105 models alongside the IFS 100 models in some markets was made. The table below identifies the range of 100 and 105 models and their worldwide availability.

Despite the 100 and 105 bodies being very similar, there are some exterior visual indications between both models. The most obvious is the front end of the vehicle often appearing lower than the rear on the 100 models, due to the IFS. The other indicator is the design of the wheels. The 100 models have almost flat wheel designs, while the 105 models have dished wheels. This difference allows both versions to retain similar wheel tracks, despite the 100 having a relatively wider axle track to allow for the IFS system.

The introduction of a V8 engine was also a first for a Land Cruiser, and was specifically intended to improve sales in the North-American market, where it was the only engine available. In Australia, the 100 V8 was initially only available in the range-topping GXV model, while entry and mid-range models were the 105 powered by the 1FZ-FE I6 petrol, or 1HZ diesel engines. The new 1HD-FTE turbo-diesel 100 was added to the Australian range in October 2000 after being available in Europe and the UK since the vehicle's launch in 1998. The automotive press in Australia were critical of Toyota's decision to offer the acclaimed 1HD-FTE engine only in combination with IFS. Australian 4WD Monthly magazine stated "We will never forgive Toyota for going independent at the front with the mighty 4.2 turbo-diesel".

The 100 series formed the basis for the Lexus LX 470, which was also sold in Japan as the Toyota Cygnus.

The 100 series was called the Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon in the UK and Ireland from 1998 to 2007.

In 2000, Toyota celebrated the 50th anniversary of the Land Cruiser with commemorative models offered in several countries. Total global production to date was 3.72 million vehicles.

The 100 series remained in production until late 2007, with several minor facelifts such as headlights, taillights, front grille, rear spoiler and specification changes introduced over the years.

Designation	Engine	Power	Torque	Availability
HZJ105	1HZ 4.2 L diesel I6	96 kW (131 PS; 129 hp) at 3,800 rpm	271 N·m (200 lb·ft) at 2,200 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, Middle East, South America
FZJ105	1FZ-FE 4.5 L petrol I6	180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) at 4,600 rpm	410 N·m (302 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, Middle East, South America
FZJ100	1FZ-FE 4.5 L petrol I6	180 kW (245 PS; 241 hp) at 4,600 rpm	410 N·m (302 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm	Middle East, China
UZJ100	2UZ-FE 4.7 L petrol V8	170 kW (231 PS; 228 hp) at 4,800 rpm	410 N·m (302 lb·ft) at 3,400 rpm	Africa, Asia, Australia, China, Europe, Japan, Middle East, North America, UK
HDJ100¹	1HD-T 4.2 L turbodiesel I6	123 kW (167 PS; 165 hp) at 3,600 rpm	352 N·m (260 lb·ft) at 2,000 rpm	Africa, South America
HDJ100²	1HD-FTE 4.2 L turbodiesel I6	150 kW (204 PS; 201 hp) at 3,400 rpm	430 N·m (317 lb·ft) at 1,400 rpm	Australia*, Europe, Japan, Middle East, New Zealand, UK

*This engine was not introduced in Australia until 2000.

The 100-series is generally considered a durable and reliable vehicle, however there have been three known issues identified, generally for vehicles operating in harsh conditions:

The IFS 100-series gained a reputation for front suspension failures in operating conditions where the front suspension was prone to hitting the bump stops. Several companies produce strengthened lower wishbones to prevent cracks from developing.^[38]
Both the IFS 100 and Live-axle 105 models have been reported to be suffering from broken front differential centres when driven in harsh conditions.^[39] The most common front differential failures in IFS models are reported in vehicles produced between mid-1997 and mid-1999 (i.e. the model years 1998 and 1999), when Toyota fitted the 100 Series IFS with a 2-pinion front differential (the pinion gear would flex away from the ring gear under shock loads). In 1999 (model year 2000) the IFS Landcruiser received a 4-pinion front differential that was more robust – fewer failures were reported.^[40]^[41]

Gallery

Pre-facelift Toyota Land Cruiser GXL (FZJ105; rear view)
Pre-facelift Toyota Land Cruiser (HZJ105; with outback doors)
Toyota Land Cruiser (with spare wheel on the rear)
First facelift Toyota Land Cruiser GXL (UZJ100)
First facelift Toyota Land Cruiser GXL (HDJ100)
First facelift Toyota Land Cruiser DX (HDJ100)
Second facelift Toyota Land Cruiser VX (UZJ100)
2005–2007 Toyota Land Cruiser Cygnus (Japan)

= Seventh Generation (J200 2007-Present)

J200 (2007–present)

J200
2011 Toyota Land Cruiser (UZJ200; pre-facelift)
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Roraima (Venezuela) Toyota Land Cruiser V8 (Europe) Lexus LX 570
Pengeluaran	September 2007–present
Tahun model	2008–present
Pemasangan	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Yoshiwara plant)^[23] Japan: Tahara, Aichi (Tahara plant)^[42] China: Changchun City, (Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor)（2008-2016）
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	Petrol: 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 4.6 L 1UR-FE V8^[43] 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8^[44] 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8^[45] Diesel: 4.5 L 1VD-FTV turbocharged V8
Penghantaran	6-speed automatic 8-speed automatic 5-speed automatic 5-speed manual
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Panjang	4,990 mm (196.5 in)
Lebar	1,980 mm (78.0 in)
Tinggi	1,945–1,970 mm (76.6–77.6 in) (adjustable)
Berat Curb	2,405–2,740 kg (5,302–6,041 lb)
Berkait	Lexus LX
Pereka bentuk	Takanori Ito (2004) Tetsu Endō (2012 facelift: 2010) Matsuno Keisuke (2015 facelift: 2013)

In 2002, a 5-year development plan on a successor to the 100-series platform commenced under Sadayoshi Koyari and Tetsuya Tada. By 2004, 10 years after the design selection of its predecessor in 1994, a final production design was settled on for the 2008 J200. Prototype related tests were conducted for over 2 years between 2004 and early 2007. The redesigned Toyota Land Cruiser was introduced in late 2007. Known as the 200 Series, it shares the Lexus LX 570's platform and overall design. The frame was new, derived from the second-generation Tundra^{[perlu rujukan]} but shortened and strengthened by 20 percent. Bigger brake rotors and calipers were added and the front suspension was strengthened. The underbelly is also protected by skid plates. The roof pillars were redesigned to better protect occupants in a rollover.

The 200 Series encountered some criticism due to its bland body restyling, with some^{[nyatakan menurut siapa?]} claiming that Toyota has 'overdeveloped' the classic trademarked Land Cruiser identity in its efforts to fit the Land Cruiser into modern 21st century motoring and vehicle design.

The vehicle entered production in September 2007 and was available for sale from September or November, depending on country. It became available in Venezuela for sale in early November of the same year under the local nickname of "Roraima" (taken from Mount Roraima).

The 200 Series, offered numerous features and upgrades over its predecessor not limited to the cosmetic changes made to the body and interior, including:

Smart Entry — A sensor is triggered when the remote is brought near the vehicle, allowing the user to simply touch the door handle to open it.
Smart Start — Start/Stop push button for ignition; a key is not required.
4-zone climate control on Sahara models, with outlet vents increased from 18 to 28
10 airbags (VX & Sahara)
A stronger and lighter frame

Various driver assist technologies not offered on previous models are included as standard, including:

CRAWL, a four-wheel drive control system that operates like an off-road cruise control, automatically maintaining a low uniform vehicle speed using brakes and throttle
Downhill Assist Control
Multi-terrain anti-lock braking system (ABS)
Kinetic Dynamic Suspension System (KDSS), allows for greater wheel articulation
An optional rear-view camera (VX)
Leather seats are available in full option (VX)

Engine and transmission improvements include:

An all new optional V8 diesel engine, the Toyota VD engine (a twin-turbocharged version of the engine used in the 70 Series since 2007).
Automatic transmission included as standard across all levels of trim of the 200 Series, a five-speed manual transmission is offered only with the 4.0 L GX models (in selected regions). A five-speed automatic gearbox is assigned to the 4.7 L petrol models, while the 4.5 L diesel models receive a six-speed automatic.

In Japan, the Land Cruiser had an update in 2009 when it received the 4.6 L V8 1UR-FE engine and the gearbox was replaced with a 6-speed automatic.^[46] Although the new 4608 cc 1UR-FE is smaller than the old 4663 cc 2UZ-FE engine, the power has been increased from 212 hingga 234 kW (288 hingga 318 PS; 284 hingga 314 hp), torque increased from 448 hingga 460 N·m (330 hingga 339 lb·ft) and fuel consumption improved from 6.6 hingga 7.1 km/L (19 hingga 20 mpg_‑imp; 16 hingga 17 mpg_‑US) (Japan 10·15 mode measurement).

In the Middle East, the Land Cruiser 200 series was introduced in late 2007 as a 2008 model, for 2008 to 2010 there was three engine choices:

179 kW (243 PS; 240 hp) 4.0 L 1GR-FE petrol engine
202 kW (275 PS; 271 hp) 2UZ-FE petrol engine
162–173 kW (220–235 PS; 217–232 hp) 1VD-FTV 4.5 L turbo diesel engine^[47]

Starting in 2011, the 270 kW (367 PS; 362 hp) 3UR-FE engine was offered along with the previous engines.^[48] For 2012, the 1GR-FE gained dual VVT-i and power was increased to 202 kW (275 PS; 271 hp), the 4.7 L 2UZ-FE was dropped in favour of the new 227 kW (309 PS; 304 hp) 4.6 L 1UR-FE, and the 5.7 L and 4.5 L diesel were unchanged, although the latter was dropped in some markets.^[49]

In North America, the Land Cruiser 200 series is offered with one trim level and engine, the 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 petrol engine producing 284 kW (386 PS; 381 hp) and 544 N·m (401 lb·ft) of torque channeled through a six-speed automatic. Towing is rated at 3,700 kg (8,200 lb). Beige or black leather upholstery is standard along with a 14 speaker JBL sound system. The only wheel choice is 18 in (460 mm) allowing a lot of sidewall so the vehicle can be driven off-road without modification though a more aggressive tread pattern is advised for deep mud.

For the 2013 model year, Toyota added all previously optional safety and luxury options as standard. The Land Cruiser now gets pushbutton start, HID headlights with beam level adjustment, a power moonroof, automatic rain sensing windshield wipers, heated and ventilated (perforated leather) front and only heated rear seats, a rear-seat DVD entertainment system, bluetooth, rearview camera with parking sensors, navigation system, HD radio and Entune. Another new feature is the Multi-terrain Select system which helps control wheelspin and brake lockup giving the selectable choices of: Rock, Rock & Dirt, Mogul, Loose Rock, and Mud & Sand and with an addition to the Multi-terrain Select system a feature known as adaptive Anti-lock Braking system which adapts to the condition of the road like mud or sand and efficiently uses the ABS to reduce braking distance on any type of terrain.^[50]

In Oceania, the 200 Series is offered in four different levels of trim: GX, GXL, VX, and Sahara.

In August 2015, Toyota launched an updated, face-lifted version of the J200 Land Cruiser in Japan, which was later sold globally. This version first appeared in the United States in 2015 for the 2016 model year. The new version has several mechanical changes, including a new 8-speed electronically controlled automatic transmission (ECT-i) mated to the original 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 petrol engine, larger front disc brakes, and a higher axle ratio (3.30:1 vs 3.90:1 in the previous years). Updates to the front fascia, grill, headlamps (with daylight running lamps), rear tail lamps and bumpers were the main exterior highlights of the facelift. Interior changes included a new multimedia system and interface with larger screens front and back, as well as refreshed interior styling.

Toyota dropped the Land Cruiser 200 series from United Kingdom lineup with this facelift. Previous to the facelift, the UK market received the Land Cruiser with the 4.5 L 1VD-FTV V8 turbo diesel as the only engine option.

In China, the Land Cruiser 200 was produced from 2008 to 2016 by Sichuan FAW Toyota Motor. The 4.0 L 1GR-FE V6 and 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 were the available engine choices – both paired to a 5-speed automatic gearbox. Trim levels were the 4.0 GX-R, 4.0 VX, 4.7 VX and 4.7 VX-R.^[51]

In February 2019, Toyota introduced a Heritage edition of the Land Cruiser at the Chicago Auto Show as part of the 60th anniversary of the introduction of the FJ40. Toyota will only build 1200 vehicles and they will only be available as a 5-seater sold in the United States. Sales are expected to begin in the third quarter of 2019 for the 2020 model year.^[52]

Gallery

Pre-facelift Toyota Land Cruiser Sahara (UZJ200)
First facelift Toyota Land Cruiser Sahara (VDJ200)
First facelift Toyota Land Cruiser Sahara (VDJ200)
Second facelift Toyota Land Cruiser VX (VDJ200)
Second facelift Toyota Land Cruiser VX (VDJ200)
Second facelift Toyota Land Cruiser GX (VDJ200, rear view)
Interior

= Lexus LX (1997-Present)

Lexus LX
Lexus LX 570
Maklumat
Pengilang	Lexus (Toyota)
Juga dikenali	Toyota Land Cruiser
Pengeluaran	November 1995 1997 – present
Pemasangan	Japan: Toyota, Aichi (Toyota Auto Body)^[23]
Kelas	Full-size luxury SUV
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, four-wheel drive

The Lexus LX (Japanese: レクサス・LXcode: ja is deprecated , Rekusasu LX) is a full-size luxury SUV sold by Lexus, a luxury division of Toyota since January 1996 having entered manufacture in November 1995. Three generations have been produced, all based heavily on the long-running Toyota Land Cruiser SUVs. The first generation LX 450 started production in 1995 as Lexus' first entry into the SUV market. Its successor, the LX 470, premiered in 1998 and was manufactured until 2007. The latest, third-generation, LX 570 debuted at the New York International Auto Show in April 2007 as a complete redesign for the 2008 model year. The LX name stands for "Luxury Crossover".^[53] However, some Lexus importers use the backronymic name, "Luxury Four Wheel Drive".^[54]

The second and third generations had a V8 engine powertrain, a welded steel unibody shell combined with full-size steel ladder frame (body-on-frame construction), and seats for eight passengers (LX 470 and LX 570). The first generation LX 450, a mid-size SUV, had an inline-6 engine and seats for seven passengers. The second generation LX 470 shared exterior styling with the Land Cruiser Cygnus, sold in Japan. The LX is Lexus' largest and most expensive luxury SUV.

= First Generation (J80 1997-1999)

First generation (J80; 1995)

First generation

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Land Cruiser (J80)
Pengeluaran	November 1995 – December 1997 (1999)
Tahun model	1996–1997 1997-1999 ASEAN
Enjin	4.5 L 1FZ-FE I6 (gasoline)
Penghantaran	4-speed A343F automatic
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Panjang	4,821 mm (189.8 in)
Lebar	1,930 mm (76.0 in)
Tinggi	1,869 mm (73.6 in)

1995–1997

Rapidly developed in the mid-1990s as a result of threatening US trade sanctions on Japanese luxury cars, the LX 450 started production in November 1995^[55] and was released to the US in January 1996 as a 1996 model; Canada received the LX from 1997. The LX 450 was Lexus's first SUV and was almost entirely based on the sixth generation Toyota Land Cruiser (J80). Differences lay in a restyled, more luxurious interior and softer suspension settings. The first LX 450 rolled off the production line in December 1995.^[56]

The LX 450 was powered by a 4.5-liter, twin-cam, four-valve inline-six engine that produced 160 kW (215 hp) and 373 N·m (275 lb·ft) of torque. Both front and rear axles were solid. Externally, the LX 450 was identical to the J80 series Land Cruiser, with the exception of the grille, side body cladding, and wheels.^[56] Side running boards give step-up access.^[56] The vehicle had additional sound-absorbing insulation.^[56]

Amenities included leather seats and seating for seven passengers in three rows,^[56] the third row accessed by tilting the second row bench seat forward. The third row could be folded to the side and the second row folded down for further space.^[56] The vehicle was pre-wired for the Lexus remote telephone system, and had a remote entry key system.^[56] The three options consisted of a console-mounted 6-disc CD changer, electronic front and rear locking differentials, and a power moonroof.^[56] At the time of its sales debut in early 1996, the LX 450 was listed in the US at a suggested base price of $47,995,^[56] an approximately $7,000 premium over the Land Cruiser, with a base price of $40,678 in 1996.^[56]

Targeted against luxury SUV competitors such as Range Rover, the LX 450 sold over 5,000 units in 1996 and over 9,000 units in 1997. At its launch it sold out its initial production allocation, resulting in a two-month wait list, surpassing initial expectations which had called for 4,000 units that year.^[56] It was brought to market as US buyers showed greater interest in large SUVs, which had grown popular because of their high driver's vantage point and truck-like characteristics.^[56] Lexus customer research revealed that one in six owners were purchasing large SUVs to add to their garages.^[56] An additional factor was the US-Japan trade war of the mid-1990s. The US government threatened to place 100 percent tariffs on all Japanese luxury import cars, but not including SUVs. The LX 450 was produced as a rebadged model (in contrast with other Lexus efforts which were independently or divergently developed from Toyota vehicles), giving a model that was exempt from the tariff.^[57] Ultimately a gentlemen's agreement was reached and the threatened tariffs did not materialize.

The LX 450 replaced the Land Cruiser in the Canadian market starting after 1996, reducing internal competition (big expensive SUVs have traditionally faced a difficult market in Canada) and avoiding the issue of selling a rebadged model (except for GM, Ford and Chrysler, rebadged models in Canada have not met with success). For a 5,000 lb (2,300 kg) vehicle, the LX 450 was regarded by some critics as underpowered,^[58] leading to the shortening of its model cycle (despite sales increases) and replacement with a V8-powered successor.

The LX 450 was the top-ranked full-size SUV in J.D. Power and Associates' Initial Quality Survey, with the lowest number of problems during the first three months of ownership.

= Second Generation (J100 2000-2006)

Second generation (J100; 1998 (2000 ASEAN)

Second generation
2002–2005 Lexus LX 470
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Land Cruiser (J100) Toyota Land Cruiser Cygnus (J100)
Pengeluaran	1998–2007
Tahun model	1998 2000–2006 ASEAN
Enjin	4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 (gasoline)
Penghantaran	4-speed A343F automatic 5-speed A750F automatic
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Panjang	4,890 mm (192.5 in)
Lebar	1,941 mm (76.4 in)
Tinggi	1,849 mm (72.8 in)
Pereka bentuk	Hiroya Kitazumi (1995, facelift: 2000, second facelift: 2003)

1998–2002

In the mid-1990s, work started on a Lexus variant of the Toyota Land Cruiser (J100), the LX (J100). The final design by Hiroya Kitazumi was approved in 1995, with updates by Kitazumi approved in 2001 and 2004.^[59]^[60] Testing was conducted from the mid-1990s till late 1997. In December 1997, the second generation LX 470 debuted at the Los Angeles Auto Show, going on sale in the second quarter of 1998. It shared the floor pan and most body panels with the equivalent Land Cruiser, and differed in its front appearance and had a more luxurious interior. Exterior design differences included a quad-headlamp forward fascia with larger grille and different wheels. It was powered by a LEV-certified 4.7-liter V8 engine, which initially produced 172 kW (230 hp), later upgraded to 175 kW (235 hp), then 200 kW (268 hp). The final torque value was 445 N·m (328 lb·ft). It was rated to tow 2,900 kg (6,500 lb) with the tow package installed.

The front gained independent suspension, and the optional electronic locking front and rear differentials were dropped – although the rear locking differential was still available in Canada in 1998–1999. Suspension included Adjustable Height Control (AHC) hydraulic suspension and Adaptive Variable Suspension (AVS). The AHC could raise the vehicle for off-roading and return to a normal driving height reducing the center of gravity and wind resistance. The lowest setting for when the vehicle was stopped allowed for easier entry, exit and loading. AVS alters shock absorber firmness in under 2.5 milliseconds at each wheel, individually selecting from a range of 64 settings depending on road conditions and driver input such as steering-wheel activity, braking and acceleration. The AVS system used a switch for the driver's preferences including "normal", "comfort" and "sport" modes.

Nakamichi stereo with in-dash six-disc CD changer was optional from 1998, and became standard in 2000. A DVD-based navigation system was offered starting in 2001 with the brand new standard Mark and Levinson sound system. The navigation system would become standard from 2002. electrochromic Power folding side mirrors, and a smog sensor for the HVAC system were offered.^[61] For 2000 models, Vehicle Stability Control and brake assist were made standard, along with Toyota's new A-TRAC (Active Traction Control System).

2002–2005

During 2002 for the 2003 model year, Lexus introduced minor tweaks to the exterior, a 5 speed transmission^{[perlu rujukan]} including larger standard 18-inch wheels, a new front bumper, etc. The interior was substantially overhauled, adopting the corresponding updates to the Land Cruiser's interior, and with Bluetooth and a backup camera now available. In the US, both were optional with the camera coupled with the navigation system, due to the shared screen. Lexus increased power from 172 kW (230 hp) to 175 kW (235 hp). The updated engine now met CARB ULEV-II emission standards. Lexus added front row side torso airbags and side curtain airbags, electronic brakeforce distribution and rain-sensing windshield wipers as standard. An 11-speaker Mark Levinson premium sound system and a DVD Rear-Seat Entertainment System (RSES) were made optional. Other new features included Lexus Link, an emergency service similar to GM's Onstar, in North America.

Night View infrared camera safety system was offered as an option in 2002, the world's first active automotive night vision system, projecting information on the windshield using a head-up display; the driver could vary brightness using a dimmer knob. The 2003 LX 470 came with Variable Gear Ratio Steering (VGRS) system, varying steering ratios from 12.4 to 1 to 18.0 to 1 (previously fixed at 19.8 to 1), allowing the driver to apply less steering input to maneuver in tight places such as parking lots. By changing the ratio on the highway, minor adjustments made by the driver would not create excessive vehicular movement.

2005–2007

In 2005 for the 2006 model year, a refresher included LED tail lamps, adding VVT-i to the engine and increasing its power to 205 kW (275 hp). During 2006, for the final model year, 2007, Lexus produced 400 "Limited Edition" LX 470s with Black Onyx paint, stone leather interior, and specialized badging and scuff plates.

Several awards were made for the J100 series:

The LX 470 was named by J.D. Power and Associates as the best luxury SUV in initial quality in 2000, 2002, and 2004.^[62]^[63]
Kelley Blue Book gave the LX 470 its Best to Hold Value Award in 1998, 1999, and 2000.^[64]
In a 2000 Edmunds.com comparison with four other premium SUVs, the LX 470 took first place.^[65]
In a 2003 Edmunds.com comparison, the LX 470's Mark Levinson audio system and navigation system were the highest rated in their respective categories.^[66]
In 2005, J.D. Power named the LX 470 the most reliable luxury SUV over a three-year period in its Vehicle Dependability Study.^[67]

Gallery

2005–2007 Toyota Land Cruiser Cygnus (Japan)
1998–2002 Lexus LX 470 interior

= Third Generation (J200 2007-Present)

Third generation (J200; 2007)

Third generation
First-facelift Lexus LX 570
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Toyota Land Cruiser (J200)
Pengeluaran	November 2007–present
Tahun model	2008–present
Enjin	5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 (gasoline) 4.7 L 2UZ-FE V8 (gasoline) 4.6 L 1UR-FE V8 (gasoline) 4.5 L 1VD-FTV V8 (diesel)
Penghantaran	6-speed AB60F automatic 8-speed AE80F automatic
Jarak roda	2,850 mm (112.2 in)
Panjang	5,005 mm (197.0 in)
Lebar	1,970 mm (77.6 in)
Tinggi	1,865 mm (73.4 in)
Berat Curb	2,685–2,750 kg (5,919–6,063 lb)
Pereka bentuk	Shinichi Hiranaka (2004) Takanori Ito (2012 facelift: 2010)

2007–2010

On April 4, 2007, Lexus debuted the 2008 model year LX 570 at the New York International Auto Show. It was a complete redesign, and the first version to be debuted before its expected Land Cruiser counterpart. The design by Shinichi Hiranaka was approved in 2004, who also did the design update approved in 2010^[68]^[69]^[70] It has a new UL EV-II certified 5.7 L 3UR-FE V8 engine.^[71] Power output is 286 kW (383 hp) with 546 N·m (403 lb·ft) of torque. The more powerful engine helps give an increased towing capacity of up to 3,900 kg (8,500 lb). The engine is tied to a six-speed sequential-shift automatic transmission with an all-new 4WD system which uses a Torsen center differential.^[72] Development began on both the Land Cruiser (J200) and Lexus LX equivalent in 2002. The final design was approved in 2004, with testing being conducted into early 2007 on development prototypes and late 2007 on pre-production models. The final design patent for the J200 series Lexus LX was filed on March 27, 2007.

The LX 570 is 102 mm (4 in) longer overall and 25 mm (1 in) wider, while retaining the same wheelbase. It loses the plastic lower body side cladding leaving the paint exposed. A third of the frame's body mass is made from high-tensile steel, along with the entire B-pillar, and all three crossmembers are hydroformed steel. Like the Toyota Tundra the tow hitch is integrated into the frame. The front suspension now uses double wishbones, replacing the torsion beam, which gives 230 mm (9 in) of suspension travel, while the rear continues to use a multi-link suspension with a solid rear axle for strength and durability. The LX platform has logged 240,000 test kilometers through subtropical forests, the Australian Outback and American deserts.^[73]

The LX 570 comes standard with 20-inch-wheels, a four-wheel electro-hydraulic suspension with an updated six-setting AHC system that can raise the vehicle by 76 mm (3 in) or lower it by 51 mm (2 in) from its normal ride height using a knob in the center console. The front suspension's air bag spring rates are variable, but not continuously like a fully active suspension arrangement. The AVS provides more immediate damper firmness adjustments that are diagonally cross-linked through a mechanical system using hydraulic fluid, similar to the 4Runner's X-REAS system.

Other performance features include a Crawl Control (more advanced version of Downhill Assist Control) system that negotiates off-road obstacles in both forward and reverse at low speeds by automatically providing throttle and braking inputs for less experienced off-road drivers: an interior lever allows the driver to reduce speed. A multi-terrain anti-lock braking system gives shorter stopping distances on surfaces such as sand or gravel. Hill-start Assist Control (HAC) prevents rolling backwards on hills or slippery surfaces.^[72]

The interior includes amenities, standard and optional, featured in the 2007 LS 460, such as semi-aniline leather seats, four-zone climate control, a 19-speaker 450 Watt Mark Levinson surround-sound stereo system with hard-drive memory storage, a hard-drive-based navigation system, XM satellite radio with NavTraffic as standard, a two-piece power liftgate/tailgate and Lexus Intuitive Park Assist, sonar parking assistance. Other features include Bubinga wood trim (a form of African rosewood also used in private aircraft and high-quality instruments), a center console cooler for storage of cold drinks, power sliding rear seats, power third row seats, and a 229 milimeter (9 in) DVD rear-seat entertainment system.^[72]

It also has the updated Lexus fifth-generation hard-drive-based navigation system with an 8 inch high-resolution VGA display. Lexus' keyless SmartAccess with an ultra-thin "smart card" key is standard with 10 airbags including knee airbags for driver and front passenger and second row side torso airbags, and the Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) is standard, while the Pre-Collision System (PCS) and Dynamic Radar Cruise Control systems are options.^[72] Active front headrests debut this Lexus safety feature for the first time on an SUV in the U.S. A new Wide-view Front and Side Monitor system uses a camera mounted on the grille giving a 180-degree view in front and a camera mounted on the passenger side of the side mirror helps eliminate blind spots at low speeds useful in parking lots or off-road adventures. Night View was discontinued.

In 2009, the LX 570 received J.D. Power's top score in its Initial Quality Study.^[74]

2010–2012

In 2010 for the 2011 model year, Lexus introduced a mild facelift with a new front bumper, and for sports models a stick-on bodykit on the front and rear bumpers. The new front bumper gave the effect of the new Lexus "spindle" grille without redesigning any of the major bodywork components. This was the first year to have the heated steering wheel option.

2012–2015

A more substantial facelift arrived in 2012 for the 2013 model year, characterized by a new grille, bumpers, headlamps, tail lamps lenses and miscellaneous trim changes such as new wheel designs.

2015–present

Another facelift was unveiled in August 2015 at the US Pebble Beach Concours d'Elegance.^[75]^[76] The update brought significant changes with an all-new interior, and the only exterior panels carried over were the doors and the roof.^[77]

Gallery

Pre-facelift Lexus LX 570 2019
Pre-facelift Lexus LX 570
Pre-facelift Lexus LX 570
Interior
Post-facelift LX 570
Post-facelift LX 570

Model	Engine	Horsepower	Max. Torque	Region	Years
LX 470	2UZ-FE V8 4663 cc	271 hp (202 kW) at 5,400 rpm	410 N·m (302 lbf·ft) at 3,400 rpm	Hong Kong only	2007–2012
LX 460	1UR-FE V8 4608 cc	313 hp (233 kW) at 5,500 rpm	460 N·m (339 lbf·ft) at 3,400 rpm	Hong Kong only^[78]	2012–2014
LX 570	3UR-FE V8 5663 cc	362 hp (270 kW) at 5,600 rpm	530 N·m (391 lbf·ft) at 3,200 rpm	GCC, Australia, Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan (since Apr 2012), Kazakhstan, China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Philippines, Chile, South Africa, New Zealand, Vietnam (since Dec 2013), Malaysia (since Dec 2015)	2007–present
LX 570	3UR-FE V8 5663 cc	371 hp (277 kW) at 5,600 rpm	534 N·m (394 lb·ft) at 3,200 rpm	Japan	2015–present
LX 570	3UR-FE V8 5663 cc	383 hp (286 kW) at 5,600 rpm	546 N·m (403 lb·ft) at 3,600 rpm	United States, Canada	2007–present
LX 570 Supercharger	3UR-FE V8 5663 cc	450 hp (336 kW) at 5,400 rpm	706 N·m (521 lb·ft) at 3,200 rpm	Middle East (special edition)	2014–2015
LX 450d	1VD-FTV V8 4461 cc Turbodiesel	268 hp (200 kW) at 3,600 rpm	650 N·m (479 lbf·ft) at 1,600–2,800 rpm	Russia, Ukraine, New Zealand, South Africa, Azerbaijan (since 2016), Georgia (since 2018), India (since 2017), Australia (since April 2018)	2015–present

= Mercedes Benz GL Class (2007-Present)

Mercedes-Benz GLS and GL-Class
Mercedes Benz GL Class 2019 Black
Maklumat
Pengilang	DaimlerChrysler (2006–2007) Daimler AG (2007–present)
Juga dikenali	Mercedes-Benz GL-Class (2006-2015)
Pengeluaran	2006 2007–present
Kelas	Full-size luxury SUV
Gaya badan	5 door, 7-seater SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, four-wheel drive (4matic)

The Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class, formerly Mercedes-Benz GL-Class, is a full-size luxury SUV produced by Mercedes-Benz since 2006 (In The ASEAN). It is a three-row, seven-passenger vehicle positioned above the GLE-Class (formerly Mercedes-Benz M-Class before 2016), and is the flagship of the Mercedes-Benz SUV line.

The GLS shares the same unibody architecture with the GLE-Class. Most GLS-Class vehicles are assembled at the Mercedes plant in Alabama, except for a small number of early 2007 production vehicles which were manufactured in Germany. The first generation model (X164) was manufactured between 2006 and 2012 and was replaced in 2012 by the new generation GL-Class (X166).

From 2016 with the release of the facelifted second generation model, the GL-Class was renamed to GLS-Class as per the revised nomenclature adopted by Mercedes. Under this scheme, SUVs use the base name "GL", followed by the model's placement in Mercedes-Benz hierarchy. The "G" is for geländewagen (German for off-road vehicle) and alludes the long-running G-Class. This is followed by the letter "L" that acts as a linkage with the letter "S", the SUV equivalent to the S-Class.^[79]^[80]

= First Generation (2007-2012)

First generation (X164; 2006 (2007–2012))

The X164 GL-Class debuted at the 2006 North American International Auto Show. It was released around the same time as the similarly sized Audi Q7, and was the first full-size, 7-seater SUV produced by a German automaker. The range of engines consist of V8 petrol engines, and turbocharged V6 and V8 diesel engines. All models are available only in all-wheel drive (4MATIC) configuration. Its main competitors are the Range Rover, Cadillac Escalade, and Lincoln Navigator.

= Second Generation (2013-2018)

Second generation (X166; 2013-2018 (2019))

The X166 GL-Class went on sale on September 2012.^[81] Models feature efficiency improvements via the addition of an engine start stop system, drive by wire steering, and new turbocharged petrol and diesel engines. The second generation model also introduced a high performance GL63 AMG variant, powered by the hand-built M157 engine.^[82] Following a 2016 facelift it was renamed the GLS-Class, to correspond with the new Mercedes-Benz naming scheme. The model update also featured minor exterior and interior design changes and performance improvements.^[83]

GL63 AMG version

The GL63 AMG was introduced at the 2013 Los Angeles Auto Show.^[84] It features a hand-built twin-turbocharged 5.5 L V8 that produces 410 kW (550 hp) and 760 N·m (561 lb·ft). It is mated to a 7-speed AMG SPEEDSHIFT PLUS semi-automatic transmission, with Efficiency, Sport, and Manual modes.^[85] Additional features include upgraded brakes, a sports exhaust, AMG exterior and interior styling, 21-inch 5-spoke alloy wheels, and an air suspension system that automatically lowers the car at higher speeds.^[86] The engine was updated in 2016 and now produces 430 kW (577 hp) and 760 N·m (561 lb·ft).^[87]

= Third Generation (2019-Present)

Third generation (X167; 2019 (2020–)

The third generation model debuted at the 2019 New York International Auto Show. The engine options at the launch are 3.0-litre turbo inline six (GLS 450 4MATIC) and 4.0-litre twin-turbo V8 (GLS 580 4MATIC), both petrol with EQ Boost electric motors, and 2.9-litre twin-turbo diesel inline six in two different outputs (GLS 350 d 4MATIC and GLS 400 d 4MATIC).^[88]^[89] A first SUV version of Mercedes-Maybach, Mercedes-Maybach GLS 600 4MATIC model was released in late 2019.

The wheelbase is 2.3 inches longer and nearly an inch wider. It will use the same architecture as the latest GLE with MBUX and dual 12.3-inch screens as well as E-Active Body Control and car-to-X communication. The exterior has also been redesigned with sleeker headlamps and taillamps.^[90]

= Nissan Patrol Armada (1951-Present)

Nissan Patrol Armada
Nissan Patrol Armada Red
Maklumat
Pengilang	Nissan
Pengeluaran	2003 1951–present
Tahun model	2004–present
Kelas	Full-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive or four-wheel-drive

The Nissan Armada is a full-size SUV manufactured by Nissan for the North American market. From 2003 to 2015 the Armada was assembled in Canton, Mississippi based on the Nissan Titan. From mid-2016 onwards, the Armada has been built in Yukuhashi, Kyushu, Japan and shares the same platform as the Nissan Patrol, with American-specific modifications, and went on sale in late mid-2016 as a 2017 model. A luxury version of the Armada has been sold as the Infiniti QX80 (originally QX56).

Nissan Patrol Armada
2016 Nissan Patrol Ti-L (Y62, Australia)
Maklumat
Pengilang	Nissan
Juga dikenali	Datsun Patrol (until 1984) Nissan Safari (Japan, 1980–2007) Nissan Armada (North America, 2016–present) Infiniti QX56 (2010–2014) Infiniti QX80 (2014–present)
Pengeluaran	1951–present (international) 1951–2007 (Japan)
Kelas	Off-road vehicle/Full-size SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, four-wheel-drive (1951–present) Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive (1980–present)

The Nissan Patrol (Japanese: 日産・パトロール Nissan Patorōru) is a series of four-wheel drive vehicles manufactured by Nissan in Japan and sold throughout the world.

The Patrol has been available as either a short-wheelbase (SWB) three-door or a long-wheelbase (LWB) five-door chassis since 1951. The LWB version has been offered in pickup truck and cab chassis variants. Between 1988 and 1994, Ford Australia marketed the Patrol as the Ford Maverick. In some European countries, such as Spain, the Patrol was marketed by Ebro as the Ebro Patrol. In 1980 in Japan it was rebadged and alternately sold at Nissan Prince Store locations as the Nissan Safari.

The Patrol is available in Australia, Central and South America, South Africa, parts of Southeast Asia and Western Europe as well as Iran and the Middle East. For the 2011 model year it was made available in North America as the upscale Infiniti QX56 (later would be renamed to Infiniti QX80), the first time that a Patrol-based vehicle had been sold in North America since 1969, and for the 2017 model year it would be offered in that market as the Nissan Armada.

The Y61 platform is manufactured as a military vehicle in countries of Asia and the Middle East. Various versions of the Patrol are widely used by United Nations agencies. Y61 models are produced alongside the current Y62. The Y60 and Y61 Patrols were the main troop transport vehicles used by the Irish Army.

= First Generation (1951-1960)

First generation (4W60; 1951)

First generation (4W60)
Nissan Patrol Armada 1951
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Nissan Jeep
Pengeluaran	1951–1960
Pemasangan	Japan: Hiratsuka
Kelas	Mid-size off road vehicle
Gaya badan	3-door wagon/van 2-door pickup fire truck
Reka letak	Front-engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	3.7 L NAK I6 (petrol) 3.7 L NB I6 (petrol) 4.0 L NC I6 (petrol) 4.0 L P I6 (petrol)
Penghantaran	4-speed manual
Jarak roda	2,200 mm (86.6 in)
Panjang	3,650 mm (143.7 in)
Lebar	1,740 mm (68.5 in)
Tinggi	1,720 mm (67.7 in)
Berat Curb	1,500 kg (3,306.9 lb)

In September 1951 the 4W60 was introduced exclusively to Japanese Nissan dealerships. The overall styling was similar to the Willys Jeep. The 4W60 used the 75 hp 3.7L Nissan NAK engine from the Nissan 290 bus, but with part-time four-wheel drive and a four-speed manual transmission. The grille had a pressed-steel Nissan badge. A 4W70 Carrier-based wagon was available.

The 4W61 was introduced in August 1955. The 4W61 changed the grille (with some chrome bars), a one-piece windshield that sits further back when folded, chrome strips on the hood and unequally sized seats (passenger's side is wider than the driver's). The other big change was the engine. The 4W61 was powered by the new 3.7-litre Nissan NB engine, producing 92 hp (69 kW), and later was powered by the 105 hp (78 kW) 4.0-litre Nissan NC engine. The grille badge was chrome and red and said "NISSAN".

In October 1958 the 4W65 Patrol replaced the 4W61. The 4W65 changed the grille, which now had all chrome bars and redesigned front fenders and hood. A "NISSAN" badge was on the grille and "Patrol" badges were added on the sides of the hood. An eight-seater hardtop wagon, the WG4W65, was added. The short-lived 4W66 Patrol was introduced in December 1956, powered by the 125 hp 4.0 L P engine. The 4W66 was discontinued in June 1960. There was a wagon version of 4W66 called Carrier, from 1956 to 1959.

4W70 series

The Nissan 4W70 Carrier was introduced in 1950 based on the Dodge M37. The 4W70 used the M37's chassis, but the 4W60 Patrol's drivetrain. The grille was narrower and the front fenders changed. The 4W72 was introduced in 1955 (the 4W71 designation was skipped) with changes to the hood, grille and headlights. Power increased to 105 hp thanks to the new Nissan NC engine. Modifications again to the hood, fenders and grille and an increase in power to 145 hp led to the 4W73, introduced in 1959 and powered by the Nissan P engine.

Series	Body styles	Engines (gasoline)
4W60 series (later named Nissan Patrol)	SWB: soft top (4W60, 61,65,66) SWB: fire truck (F4W61,65,66)	NAK/NB/NC/P
Nissan Carrier 4W70/72/73	Troop carrier, weapon carrier	NC/P

= Second Generation (1961-1980)

Second generation (60; 1959 (1961–1980))

Second generation (60)
Nissan Patrol 1960
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Datsun Patrol (Philippines) Jonga P60 (India)
Pengeluaran	1960–1980
Pemasangan	Japan: Hiratsuka; Yokohama; Zama (1965–1980) India: Jabalpur (1965–1999) South Africa: Rosslyn (1959–1983)
Kelas	Mid-size off road vehicle
Gaya badan	3-door hardtop 3-door softtop 3-door wagon/van 2-door pickup fire truck
Reka letak	Front-engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	4.0 L P I6 (petrol)
Penghantaran	3/4-speed manual

The soft-top Nissan Patrol 60 (two-door; 2,200 mm (86.6 in) wheelbase) and G60 (two-door; 2,500 mm (98.4 in) wheelbase) were first sold in Australia in 1960. Left-hand drive L60/GL60 models were sold outside of Australia.

Canadian and American customers could get Patrols only from 1962 until 1969. Patrols were sold through Datsun dealerships, making it the only Nissan-badged vehicle sold in the USA until the early 1980s when the Datsun marque was phased out (barring a small test batch of about 100 Nissan Cedrics that was also exported to the US in the early 60s).^[91] An extra long wheelbase version, the H60, was also available.

The 4WD Nissan Patrol 60 series was produced in short, medium and long wheel-base versions. It had a manual transmission type-F3B83L at first with three and later with four speeds, two-speed transfer case with part-time four-wheel drive. The motor was the P engine, a 3,956 cc (241.4 cu in) inline overhead-valve six-cylinder, featuring bathtub-shaped combustion chambers and a fully balanced seven-bearing crank shaft. With two doors in front and one at the back and four seats (driver, and companion in front, two parallel back seats), the extra long wheelbase version (the H60) was available with eight-passenger capacity.

In 1963, the KG60 (and KGL60) hard-top models were introduced.

Nissan Australia claimed that the 60 series Patrol was the first vehicle to drive across the Simpson Desert in Australia, and built much publicity around the 50-year anniversary of the event, including a re-enactment with a similar vehicle ending on 21 July 2012 to publicise the impending release of their new generation Y62. However, a conflicting account claimed that a Toyota Land Cruiser support vehicle arrived before the Patrol.

Series	Body styles			Engines (gasoline)
60 series	60 (SWB)	G60 (LWB)	H60 (Super LWB)	P engine
60 series	60 soft top K60 hard top	WG60 station wagon G60H-A cab/chassis 62ZG60H pickup truck	VH60 van FH60 fire truck	P engine

Jonga

Beginning around 1969 the Indian Army's Vehicle Factory Jabalpur (VFJ) began assembling the quarter-ton Nissan Patrol as the "Jonga," along with the Nissan 4W73. The name as per Indian army records is an acronym for Jabalpur Ordinance aNd Guncarriage Assembly. Both the Nissan vehicles were fitted with the same engines and shared many parts. The Jonga was briefly sold to civilian customers with a 4.0-litre Hino diesel engine in 1996, but demand was low, due to an uncompetitive price as well as unappealing looks. Less than two hundred units were sold. The Jonga served faithfully until the late 1990s, when it was replaced by lighter Mahindra & Mahindra MM550 jeeps. Auctioned ex-Army Jongas, stretched and converted to people carriers, still serve in some rural areas of India.

= Third Generation (1981-1986)

Third generation (1980)

160 (1980–1986 (1989))

Third generation (160)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Datsun Patrol (1980-1986) Ebro Patrol Nissan Safari (Japan)
Pengeluaran	1980 1981–1989
Pemasangan	Japan: Hiratsuka; Kanda; Zama (1980–1987) Iran: Tehran (Pars Khodro; 1984–2003) South Africa: Rosslyn (1983–1991) Spain: Barcelona (1983–1988)
Gaya badan	3-door hardtop 3-door softtop 5-door wagon/van 2/4-door pickup fire truck
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Front-engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	Petrol: 2.4 L Z24 I4 2.8 L L28/L28E I6 4.0 L P40 I6 Diesel: 2.7 L Perkins MD27 I4 (Spain) 3.2 L SD33 I6 3.2 L SD33T turbodiesel
Penghantaran	4/5-speed manual 3-speed 3N71 automatic
Jarak roda	SWB: 2,350 mm (92.5 in) LWB: 2,970 mm (116.9 in)

The 160 series was introduced in 1980 to replace the 60 series. In Australia, these are sold as the MQ Patrol. In 1980, the available engines were the L28, P40 and SD33. All models were available with a four-speed manual transmission, while a three-speed automatic was optional on long wheelbase vehicles fitted with the L28 engine. All 160 series Patrols came with a two-speed offset transfer case, which featured a 1:1 high gear and a low gear.

All models had leaf sprung suspension. The SD33 vehicles feature 24-volt electronics. Different trim options and colors were available, with options including vinyl or carpet floors and blue or brown interior trim. Air conditioning and power steering were available on deluxe models.

The front differential in all models was C200. In Australia, the standard rear differential was the H233. Some versions featured limited slip differentials (LSD). A heavy duty model rear differential was used in some pickup trucks and P40 engined wagons. This was the H260 model differential. In European markets, where less onerous off-road use was expected, the light duty C200 rear differential was installed in some vehicles.

In 1983, the MQ was updated. These are known as MK Patrol, however this does not appear on any Nissan literature or service manuals. Nissan parts dealers do not recognise these initials. Updates included a revised front end with rectangular headlights and an upgraded front suspension. The four-speed gearbox was revised and a fifth gear was added for most models. The four-speed was still used in some lower specced units, presumably to run out stock. A high roof ("Super Roof") version of the wagon was added at the same time along with the SD33T turbodiesel option. With 110 PS (81 kW) the turbodiesel can reach 145 km/j (90 mph).^[92]

The naturally aspirated SD33 diesel engine was updated at this time. Revisions included the use of three piston rings instead of five, piston oil squirters and spin on oil filter instead of a paper cartridge type. In Australia and some other parts of the world, the SD33-engined Patrols were revised to standard 12-volt electronics. To accommodate the turbodiesel's extra power, these models featured a larger clutch (270 versus 240 mm) and larger oil cooler (five rows versus three) than the naturally aspirated version.

These were the last Patrols to carry the Datsun brand—in line with the rest of the Nissan lineup, the Patrol lost its Datsun branding in 1984 in most markets.

Spanish production

Nissan acquired a 35.85 percent stake in Motor Ibérica in 1980, which was increased to 54.68 percent in 1982.^[93] In early 1983 the first Spanish-made Nissan Patrol left their plant in Zona Franca, near Barcelona. The first year's production, planned to be 4 or 5000 cars, was earmarked for Spain and Portugal.^[93] Exports were to follow during 1984. Nissan Ibérica-built Patrols originally received a Spanish-made Perkins MD27 four-cylinder diesel engine and Spanish transmission to meet local content regulations.^[94] Later on, this was replaced by the A428, which evolved into the A428T and then the A428II. Later yet, the RD28 and the RD28T were added to Spanish-made cars.

260 (1986–2002)

Third generation (260)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Ebro Patrol (Spain, 1986–1993) Sanxing Desert King (China)
Pengeluaran	1986–2002
Pemasangan	Italy: Rome (1988–1993) Spain: Barcelona
Kelas	Full-size off road vehicle
Gaya badan	3-door hardtop 5-door wagon/van 2/4-door pickup
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Front-engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	2. 4 L Z24 (petrol) 2.8 L L28 I6 (petrol) 2.8 L RD28 I6 (diesel) 2.8 L RD28T I6-T (diesel) 3.3 L SD33 I6 (diesel) 3.3 L SD33T I6-T (diesel)
Penghantaran	5-speed manual
Jarak roda	SWB: 2,350 mm (92.5 in) LWB: 2,970 mm (116.9 in)
Panjang	SWB: 4,230 mm (166.5 in) LWB: 4,690 mm (184.6 in)
Lebar	1,689 mm (66.5 in)
Tinggi	1,980 mm (78.0 in)

The 260 series was a facelifted version of the Spanish-built 160 (easily spotted by the rectangular headlamps) sold in Europe and available in SWB and LWB with L28, SD33, RD28 and RD28T engines. The SD-engined version, at least in the UK market, had a 24-volt electrical system. Nissan helped Nissan Ibérica amortize plant investments. The 260 Patrol later received a facelift with a new grille similar to that of the Y60 series which succeeded this generation elsewhere. Spanish production continued until 1994 for export and until 2002 for the Spanish domestic market.

= Fourth Generation (1987-1996)

Fourth generation (Y60; 1987)

Fourth generation (Y60)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Nissan Safari (Japan) Ford Maverick (Australia) Yunbao YB2030 (China; JV)
Pengeluaran	1987–1997 ASEAN 1987-1996
Pemasangan	Japan: Hiratsuka; Kanda; Zama (1987–1993) South Africa: Rosslyn (1991–2001) Spain: Barcelona (1988–1998) Philippines: Santa Rosa City (1990-2000) China: Huadu
Kelas	Full-size off road vehicle
Gaya badan	3-door wagon 5-door wagon/van 2-door pickup
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Front-engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	2.8 L RD28T I6-T (diesel) 3.0 L RB30S I6 (petrol) 4.2 L TB42S/TB42E I6 (petrol) 4.2 L TD42 I6 (diesel)
Penghantaran	4-speed RE4R03A automatic 5-speed FS5R50A manual 5-speed FS5R30A manual with RD28T engine
Jarak roda	SWB: 2,400 mm (94.5 in) LWB: 2,970 mm (116.9 in)
Panjang	SWB: 4,285 mm (168.7 in) LWB: 4,845 mm (190.7 in)
Lebar	SWB: 1,930 mm (76.0 in) LWB: 1,930 mm (76.0 in)
Tinggi	SWB: 1,810 mm (71.3 in) LWB: 1,815 mm (71.5 in)

The Y60 was radically different mechanically from its predecessors as it was the first Patrol with coil sprung suspension, increasing comfort and rough ground handling. All Y60 Patrols had a three-link live axle suspension set-up at the front, with all wagons (SWB, LWB and SWB LW) adopting a five-link set-up at the rear. The utility model was available with both a leaf spring rear axle and from 1994 onwards a choice of the same coil-spring rear axle as the wagons. Sway bars were included on both front and rear coil-sprung live axles. Power steering was standard. Some wagon models had front and rear disc brakes while the ute retained rear drum brakes. The introduction of a synchromesh on reverse gear was another improvement.

The alternative model codes of GR and GQ were applied to left- and right-hand drive models, respectively.

Most models had a rear limited slip differential and some variants had a vacuum or electric solenoid operated manual rear differential lock. A rear sway bar release mechanism appeared on some models. Some Y60s had a PTO-driven front-mounted winch, with an in-cab control lever to the right of the gearstick.

The Patrol was branded Safari in Japan, where it featured a 24V electrical system, instead of the standard 12V.

The TD42 and TB42 were available with either a five-speed manual and a four-speed automatic gearbox. The RD28T and the RB30 offered only a 5-speed manual.

Trim levels in Australia included:

DX with manual mirrors, no central locking, vinyl interior, optional AC, manual locking hubs.
RX (from 1995) with electric mirrors, central locking, carpet interior, AC, manual locking hubs.
ST with electric windows, electric mirrors, central locking, carpet interior, AC, automatic locking hubs.
Ti (from late 1989) with efi motor and electric windows, electric mirrors, central locking, velour and carpet interior, rear AC, seven speaker sound system, alloy three-spoke wheels, automatic locking hubs. The Ti model had a high roof design with sunroof until 1991. Leather and woodgrain trim was made standard in 1992 with the Series 2.

A myriad of dealer-fitted accessories were available including sunroofs, roof racks, tow bars, driving lights, cargo barriers and side steps. The TD42 was available with an optional Safari turbocharger at some Australian dealers.

Trim levels in Europe varied by country. These include designations such as SLX, LX, LW and many others in France. Finnish Patrols came standard with two batteries. LW (1996–1997) featured a lightweight body, reducing the weight with 50 kilograms and a special smaller body (40 millimeter). These were produced only for extreme offroad championships. The engine and chassis remained the same.

Two major updates came in Australia, one in 1992 (GQ Series 2), and one in 1995 (minor facelift). The most notable changes in 1992 were the introduction of fuel-injection on the TB42 motor with fuel injection, EGR valve and oil cooler on the RD28T, new seats, new trim, sound deadening and side intrusion bars. Other 1992 Series 2 refinements included a revised transmission, suspension, introducing bigger brakes, bigger wheels and the standardization of limited slip differentials and auto-freewheeling hubs. This update included new seats, trim and side intrusion bars.

In 1991 the rear indicators, tail lights and brake lights were relocated to the bumper from the body to meet Australian Design Rules, however they stayed the same in European versions. In 1992 another set of indicators were placed on the front quarter panel.

In August 1993 the TD42 lost weight to reduce fuel consumption and increase RPMs. This had the side effect of weakening the engine. The original engine can be identified by its silver rocker cover, whereas the lightened engine featured a black rocker cover. The RD28T got some extra changes, moving the vacuum pump from behind the alternator to the top of the engine. Driver-side airbags appeared in some European models.

1995 featured a minor facelift, with a redesigned front grille and the RX model entering Australia.

Known weaknesses included vibrations from the front end (largely fixed under warranty), cracking hinges on the rear door (due to the spare tyre's weight) and rust on rear window frames. The RD28T motor and TB42 motor suffered from head gasket issues when driven with a heavy foot. European five-speed gearboxes suffered from bearing failures in fifth gear at high mileages. However, the TD42 was highly reliable . Patrols are known for their strong axles and good limited slip differential (when so equipped).

From 1988 to 1994, Ford Australia rebadged the Y60 Patrol as the Ford Maverick. This was a result of the Button car plan devised by the Government of Australia. The car was mechanically similar, although the Nissan version had rear disc brakes depending on vehicle grade, while the Ford mostly had drum brakes and featured different paint colours and trim levels.

All wagons had a 95-liter main fuel tank with the utility having a 90-liter tank and the option of a 95-liter subtank.

Engine specifications

Engine code	Displacement	Bore x stroke	Power	Torque	Compression ratio	Design	Features
RB30s	2962 cc		100 kW at 4800 rpm	224 Nm at 3000 rpm	9.0:1	Inline-six SOHC, petrol	Aluminum crossflow cylinder head
TB42S	4169 cc	96 x 96 mm	125 kW at 4200 rpm	325 Nm at 2800 rpm	8.3.1	Inline-six Pushrod, petrol	Crossflow cylinder head, high camshaft
TB42E	4169 cc	96 x 96 mm	135 Kw at 4400 rpm	320 Nm at 3200 rpm	8.3:1	Inline-six Pushrod, petrol	Crossflow cylinder head, high camshaft
RD28T			91.9 kW at 4400 rpm	255 Nm at 2000 rpm	21.2:1	Inline-six SOHC, diesel	Turbocharged
TD42	4169 cc	96 x 96 mm	85 kW at 4000 rpm	264 Nm at 2000 rpm	22.7:1	Inline-six pushrod, diesel	Crossflow cylinder head, high camshaft

= Fifth Generation (1997-2003)

Fifth generation (Y61; 1997)

Fifth generation (Y61)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Nissan Safari (Japan)
Pengeluaran	October 1997 – 2016^[95] 1997–present (continues in selective countries)
Pemasangan	Japan: Hiratsuka (1997–2000); Kanda Morocco: Tanger (2009–present) Pakistan: Karachi (2005–present) South Africa: Rosslyn (2001–present) Spain: Barcelona (1998–2009) Philippines: Santa Rosa City (2000-2017)
Kelas	Full-size off road vehicle
Gaya badan	3-door wagon 5-door wagon 2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Reka letak	Front-engine, rear-wheel drive Front-engine, four-wheel drive
Enjin	4.5 L TB45E I6 (petrol) 4.8 L TB48DE I6 (petrol) 2.8 L RD28ETi I6 (diesel) 3.0 L ZD30DDTi I4 (diesel) 4.2 L TD422 I6 (diesel) 4.2 L TD42T3 I6 (diesel)
Penghantaran	4-speed RE4R03A automatic 5-speed RE5R05A automatic (TB48DE only) 5-speed FS5R30A manual 5-speed FS5R50B manual
Jarak roda	SWB: 2,400 mm (94.5 in) LWB: 2,970 mm (116.9 in)
Panjang	SWB: 4,440 mm (174.8 in) LWB: 5,080 mm (200.0 in)
Lebar	1,940 mm (76.4 in)
Tinggi	1,855 mm (73.0 in)
Berat Curb	2,473 kg (5,452 lb)
Pereka bentuk	Masato Takahashi (1994) Junichi Sakai (facelift: 2003)^[96]

Cab chassis

5-door SUV

Y61 models first appeared in December 1997, available in 4.5-and 4.8-litre petrol, 2.8-, 3.0- and 4.2-litre turbo diesel and 4.2-litre turbo diesel intercooler variants. The alternative model codes of GR and GU were applied to left- and right-hand drive models, respectively.

The drive train was changed in this model, including larger CVs and less syncros in the manual gearboxes. The differential housings were widened to fall inline with the new body shape, but centers remained the same (H233 and H260). Some petrol wagons received a coil version of the H260 differential.

Comfort levels were increased over GQ, especially in the seating and NVH areas.

GU IV onwards

For the 2005 model year a significant facelift model was released, with new headlights, box flares on each guard and larger tail lights. The troubles that plagued the ZD30 diesel around the variable turbo geometry were resolved by this refresh.

That same year, Nissan stopped selling the Safari in Japan due to poor sales. Nissan also made a two-door pickup version of the Y61 series available as cab chassis and with a style side tray in some markets. Although a new model was launched, this Y61 series still sells for offroad enthusiasts but with few options.

Its TB48DE engine is very popular among the tuning community in the middle east, especially in the UAE. The TB48DE engine is easily modifiable and is shown to be able to handle over 2,000 hp (1,491 kW) for several sand hills and sand drag challenges in the region.

As of 2014, Nissan discontinued the fifth generation model worldwide, except for South Africa, the Middle East, Pakistan, Paraguay, Philippines, Bolivia, Sri Lanka, and some African countries where the 4x4 competed against the Toyota Land Cruiser (J70). Several special edition trims have been also been released in respective regions where the Y61 was and are currently being sold, of which some of them are The Presidential edition (Philippines), The Legend edition (Philippines, South Africa and Australia), The 'Special' Super Safari edition (Middle East), The Falcon edition (Middle east), Gazelle and Gazelle X editions (Middle east). The fifth generation model was also discontinued in Australia and New Zealand on 29 April 2016.

= Sixth Generation (2004-2009)

Sixth generation (WA60; 2004)

First generation (WA60)
2008 Nissan Armada
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Nissan Pathfinder Armada (until 2004)
Pengeluaran	14 August 2003–2015
Tahun model	2004–2009 2015 (Amerika)
Pemasangan	United States: Canton, Mississippi (Nissan USA)
Pelantar	Nissan F-Alpha platform
Enjin	5.6 L VK56DE V8
Penghantaran	5-speed RE5R05A automatic
Jarak roda	123.2 in (3,129 mm)
Panjang	2003–2007: 206.9 in (5,255 mm) 2007–2015: 207.7 in (5,276 mm)
Lebar	2003–2007: 78.8 in (2,002 mm) 2007–2015: 79.3 in (2,014 mm)
Tinggi	2003–2007: 78.7 in (1,999 mm) 2007– 2015 2WD: 77.2 in (1,961 mm) 2007–2015 4WD: 78.0 in (1,981 mm)
Berkait	Infiniti QX56 JA60 Nissan Titan Nissan Frontier Nissan Xterra Nissan Pathfinder
Pereka bentuk	Toshio Yamashita, Diane Allen, Giovanny Arroba (2001)

Developed under Carlos Ghosn's NRP (Nissan Revival plan), using the platform code WA60, from September 1999 to 2003 under lead designers Shiro Nakamura and Diane Allen and chief engineers Yuzo Sakita and Larry Dominique, the 2004 model Pathfinder Armada was unveiled on April 17, 2003, at the New York Auto Show. In January 2001, a final exterior design by Giovanny Arroba had been approved by Sakita, Allen, Nakamura, and Nissan executive management, with the final design freeze being completed in July 2001.

Prototypes based on the Y61 Patrol were hand-assembled as mules from 2001, with the first WA60-specific prototypes being completed and sent to testing in early 2002. Design patents were filed in 2003, with production starting on August 14, 2003, and going on sale on October 1, 2003.^[97]^[98]

The Armada had a 5.6 L VK56DE V8 engine that made 317 hp (236 kW) and 385 lb·ft (522 N·m) of torque. This was mated to a 5-speed automatic transmission, and the Armada had a choice of either rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive. There are some Armadas that are capable of using E85. It has a towing capacity of up to 9,000 lb (4,000 kg).

The rear door handles are installed on the "C" pillar as part of a Nissan design tradition that started with the 1986 Nissan Pathfinder. When the four-door Pathfinder was introduced, Nissan chose to conceal the door handles as a part of the "C" pillar trim to visually make it appear like a two-door truck with a camper shell, with conventional door handles on the front doors.

The switch to the Armada name occurred in September 2004, where it received new badges without "Pathfinder." A facelift was designed through 2005, being introduced in early 2007 for the 2008 model year.

The latest Nissan Armada Platinum edition features a 9.3 GB hard drive for storing music, and a CF (Compact Flash) memory card reader. The Platinum edition also features a power liftgate and third-row seats that fold electronically.

The 2011 model year Armada removed the SE and Off-Road trim levels and moved to a tiered system: SV (base trim), SL (middle trim), and Platinum (top trim). Nissan discontinued the use of the Armada platform for the Infiniti QX56 produced in Japan.

The 2013 model year added Bluetooth and satellite radio as standard on all models and a Platinum Reserve trim package. Navigation added NavWeather capability, Zagat Survey, Bluetooth audio streaming, one USB port, and a 40 GB disk drive. The Nissan DVD Entertainment System mounted screens in the back of the front head restraints.

The 2015 model year updated interior door panels.

The Nissan Armada (WA60) was sold in the United States (including all US territories), Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East in left-hand-drive only.

= Seventh Generation (2010-Present)

Seventh generation (Y62; 2010)

Seventh generation (Y62)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Nissan Armada (2016–present) Infiniti QX56/QX80
Pengeluaran	January 2010 – present
Pemasangan	Japan: Yukuhashi (2010–present); Kanda (2013–present) Nigeria: Lagos (2014–present)^[99] Russia: Saint-Petersburg, (SKD, 2012–2014)
Kelas	Full-size SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive
Pelantar	Y62/Nissan F-Alpha platform
Enjin	5.6 L VK56VD V8 (petrol) 5.6 L VK56DE V8 (petrol) 4.0 L VQ40DE V6 (petrol)
Penghantaran	5-Speed Automatic 7-Speed RE7R01B Automatic^[100] 6-Speed Manual (2010–16)
Jarak roda	3,075 mm (121.1 in)
Panjang	5,165 mm (203.3 in)
Lebar	1,995 mm (78.5 in)
Tinggi	1,940 mm (76.4 in)
Berat Curb	2,695–2,795 kg (5,941–6,162 lb)
Berkait	Infiniti QX56/QX80 Nissan Armada Y62 Nissan Titan (second generation) Nissan NV Nissan Terra Nissan Navara (D23)
Pereka bentuk	Taiji Toyota (2007)

The all-new, sixth (Seventh) generation, Y62 series Nissan Patrol was launched on 13 February 2010 in Abu Dhabi.^[101] A luxury version (Z62) was sold as the Infiniti QX56 from 2010 (the first time that a Patrol-based vehicle had been sold in North America since 1969), which was later renamed the Infiniti QX80 in 2013. The Y62 was introduced in North America under the Armada nameplate in 2016, for the 2017 model year. It was presented as a replacement for the Titan-based first generation Nissan Armada (WA60).

As of 2017, the Y62 is powered by either a 275 hp (205 kW) / 394 N·m (291 lb·ft) 4.0-litre VQ40DE V6 engine for the entry level XE and SE trims or a more powerful 400 hp (298 kW) / 560 N·m (410 lb·ft) 5.6-litre VK56VD V8 engine for the upper level trims. The NISMO edition uses a tuned version of the 5.6-litre V8 producing 28 additional horsepower. Prior to the introduction of the 4.0-litre V6, a lower output 317 hp (236 kW) / 526 N·m (388 lb·ft) 5.6-litre VK56DE V8 was designated for the entry level trims.

As of 2017, all models come with a 7-speed automatic transmission although Nissan previously offered a 5-speed automatic and also a 6-speed manual for the entry level trim. A variable 4×4 mode package allows switching between four drive modes: sand, on-road, rock and snow. A Hydraulic Body Motion Control System is available. An electronic-locking rear differential, hill start and hill descent control, as well as lane-departure warning, computer assisted braking and stability control. The Infiniti version launched in the United States in 2010, the first Patrol sold there since the 60 series. The Nissan Patrol launched in Australia in early 2013.^[100]

The Nissan Patrol is offered in various different trim levels in the Middle East: XE, SE, SE-Platinum City, LE, LE-Titanium, LE-Platinum City and NISMO Edition. In Australia the Ti and Ti-L trim levels are offered.

In 2014, a significant facelift arrived, with revised tail lights with red elements present, globe housings and built-in LED headlights. A new tan interior was added and new sets of wheels.

Nissan introduced a limited-run Patrol Black Special Edition in 200 units. These cars offer several enhancements such as red seats, chrome detailing and a black matte exterior paint scheme.

Nissan gave a second facelift to the 2019 Patrol before it will have a new version by 2020. Changes include a new front bumper featuring a deeper apron and a traditional round housing. The vehicle will be equipped with Nissan's Intelligent Mobility driver-assistance features like lane keeping assist, forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking for front and rear, rear cross traffic alert, and blind spot monitoring.^[102]

Patrol Desert Edition

The Desert Edition comes with the 400 hp 5.6-litre (5552cc) engine, manually-adjusted cloth seats, navigation and regular suspension instead of the hydraulic body-control system.^[103]

Patrol Nismo

On launching the Nismo brand in the Middle East, The Nissan Patrol Nismo was introduced at the launch event in Dubai along with the GT-R Nismo and 370Z Nismo. Unlike the standard Patrol, the Nismo version comes with (5.6-litre) V8 with 428 hp (319 kW) engine tuned by Nissan's Takumi craftsmen. The suspensions is upgraded with Bilstein shocks and fitted with 22-inch forged-alloy wheels.^[104]

Gallery

Pre-facelift styling

Front
Rear

First-facelift styling

Front
Rear

Second-facelift styling

Rear

Nissan Armada

Front
Rear

= Chevrolet Suburban (1934-Present)

Chevrolet Suburban/Tahoe/GMC Yukon XL
A twelfth generation Suburban
Maklumat
Pengilang	General Motors
Juga dikenali	Chevrolet Veraneio (Brazil, 1964–1995) GMC Carryall (1960–1972) GMC Suburban (1937–1999) GMC Yukon XL (from 2000) Holden Suburban (Australia/New Zealand, 1998–2001)
Pengeluaran	1934–present
Kelas	Full-size SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Berkait	Chevrolet Silverado Chevrolet Tahoe GMC Sierra Kia Telluride Hyundai Palisade Ford Expedition Lincoln Navigator GMC Yukon Cadillac Escalade Chevrolet Suburban/Tahoe Nissan Patrol Armada Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class Lexus LX Toyota Land Cruiser BMW X7

The Chevrolet Suburban is a full-size SUV from Chevrolet. The name started in 1934 for the 1935 U.S. model year, making it the longest continuously used automobile nameplate in production. It has traditionally been one of General Motors' most profitable vehicles.^[105] The 1935 first generation Carryall Suburban was one of the first production all-metal bodied station wagons. It now comes with three engine options: a 5.3 liter V8, 6.2 liter V8 or a 3.0 liter Inline-6 turbo diesel.^[106]

The Suburban was additionally produced under the GMC marque until the GMC version was rebranded as the Yukon XL. It was also briefly marketed as a Holden. For most of its recent history, the Suburban has been a station wagon−bodied version of the Chevrolet pickup truck, including the Chevrolet C/K and Silverado series of truck-based vehicles. Cadillac offers a version called the Escalade ESV.

The Suburban is sold in the United States, Canada, Central America, Chile, Dominican Republic, Bolivia, Mexico, Peru, and the Middle East (except Israel) while the Yukon XL is sold only in North America (exclusive to the United States and Canada; Mexico to start in 2020) and the Middle East territories (except Israel).

A 2018 iSeeCars.com study identified the Chevrolet Suburban as the car that is driven the most each year.^[107] A 2019 iSeeCars.com study named the Chevrolet Suburban the second-ranked longest-lasting vehicle.^[108]

In December 2019, the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce unveiled a Hollywood Walk of Fame star for the Suburban, noting that the Suburban had been in "1,750 films and TV shows since 1952."^[109]^[110]

History

Several automotive companies in the United States used the "Suburban" designation to indicate a windowed, station wagon type body on a commercial frame including DeSoto, Dodge, Plymouth, Studebaker, Nash, Chevrolet, and GMC. The (Westchester) Suburban name was, in fact, a trademark of U.S. Body and Forging Co. of Tell City, Indiana, which built wooden station wagon bodies for all of these automobile and light truck chassis and more.

Chevrolet began production of its all-steel "carryall-suburban" in 1934.^[106] GMC brought out its version in 1937. These vehicles were also known as the "Suburban Carryall" until GM shortened the name to simply "Suburban". GMC's equivalent to the Chevrolet model was originally named "Suburban" as well, until being rebranded as "Yukon XL" for the 2000 model year.

With the end of production of the Dodge Town Wagon in 1966 and the Plymouth Fury Suburban station wagon in 1978, only General Motors continued to manufacture a vehicle branded as a "Suburban", and GM was awarded an exclusive trademark on the name in 1988. The Chevrolet Suburban is one of the largest SUVs on the market today. It has outlasted competitive vehicles such as the International Harvester Travelall, Jeep Wagoneer, and the Ford Excursion. The latest competitor is the extended Ford Expedition EL, which replaced the Excursion.

The Suburban of today is a full-size SUV (upgraded to extended length from 1967 onward to make room for the then-new K5 Blazer that debuted in 1969) with three rows of seating, a full pickup truck frame, and V8 engine. It is one of the few station wagons available with all bench rows. The Suburban is the same height and width as the Chevrolet Tahoe, although the Suburban is 20 inci (510 mm) longer. The extra length provides a full-sized cargo area behind the 9 passenger seating area.

From 1973 to 2013, and again from 2016 to 2020, it had been available in half-ton and 3/4-ton versions. Chevrolet discontinued this option for the public during the tenth generation model’s tenure in 2013 due to slow sales. It would return as an exclusive to rental, fleet, and government services with the eleventh generation starting with the 2016 model year with a 4WD LS and LT trim option, but soft sales would result in Chevrolet discontinuing production on this feature in 2020.

In recent years, the Suburban has been used as a police truck, fire chief's vehicle, or EMS vehicle. Suburbans are also used as limousines. Gothic black Suburban vehicles are commonly used by federal intelligence services, such as Secret Service for example. Secret Service operates fully armored versions of the Suburban for the President of the United States when he attends less formal engagements.^[111] The Suburban (as well as the Tahoe and GMC variants) is very popular with the Federal Bureau of Investigation as a service vehicle.

In the late 1990s, GM also introduced a RHD version of the Suburban, badged as a Holden, for the Australian market. Sales were low and GM withdrew the model in 2000 from Holden's lineup. In 2019, Chevrolet looked at bringing the Suburban back to the region as a converted RWD import through Holden Special Vehicles but using the Chevrolet badge, but is holding off on those plans because of numerous factors and partly due to the situation involving GM’s decision to retire the Holden brand in 2020.

In 2015, the Suburban commemorated its 80th anniversary at General Motors Arlington Assembly Plant where the 10 millionth Suburban was produced.^[112] A video was posted on Chevrolet's YouTube channel about its eighty-year legacy.^[113]

In a February 26, 2018 article celebrating the vehicle's 83rd year, Car and Driver notes that the Suburban's longevity is due to being one of GM's best selling brands, its appeal to customers across the board regardless of race, gender, class, or political affiliation, and a unique loyalty to the SUV. In an interview from Chevrolet's truck/SUV marketing executive Sandor Piszar, who recalls an event celebrating the truck division's 100th anniversary when they asked about what they named their vehicles, “It’s a funny question, but it really is an intriguing point,” Piszar says. “People name what they love. And they love their Suburbans.”^[114]

On December 5, 2019, The Chevrolet Suburban became the first vehicle to be awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame by the Hollywood Chamber of Commerce for its excellence in film and television, having appeared in more than 1,750 films and television series since 1952, and can also claim to have appeared in at least one television series every year since 1956, and at least one film every year since 1960, the most ever for an automobile of any type. The star, placed at the corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Highland Avenue, will also carry the Chevrolet "Bowtie" symbol instead of the entertainment symbols (film, stage, television, radio, musical instruments, and recording artist), another first for the Walk of Fame.^[115]

There have been a total of twelve generations of Chevrolet Suburbans since its 1934 debut, the latest due to go on sale in spring 2020 as a 2021 model.

= First Generation (1935-1940)

First generation (1935–1940)

1935–1940^[116]
1937 Chevrolet Carryall Suburban
Maklumat
Tahun model	1935–1940
Pemasangan	Oakland Assembly, Oakland, California North Tarrytown Assembly, Tarrytown, New York Flint Assembly, Flint, Michigan Norwood Assembly, Norwood, Ohio St. Louis Assembly, St. Louis, Missouri Oshawa Assembly, Oshawa, Canada
Gaya badan	2-door wagon 2-door panel truck 2-door canopy express
Reka letak	FR layout
Enjin	207 cu in (3.4 L) I6^[117]
Jarak roda	113.5 in (2,883 mm)^[118]
Berkait	Chevrolet Master

Prior to the first generation Suburban, in 1933 the Chevrolet Master had offered a station wagon body built on the 1/2 ton truck frame. This model was specifically built for National Guard and Civilian Conservation Corps units. Much of the body was constructed from wood and could seat up to eight occupants.

The actual first-generation model was offered by Chevrolet as a "Carryall Suburban" – a tough, no-nonsense load carrier featuring a station wagon body on the chassis of a small truck. Focused on functionality, the concept was literally to "carry all": the whole family and their gear were to find sufficient space in one truck.^[106] It shared the front sheet metal and frames of the 1/2 ton pickup models of the same year, but featured all-metal wagon bodies differing very little in shape from contemporary "woodie" wagons. Seating for up to eight occupants was available, with three in the front row, two in the middle row, and three in the rear row. Either the side-hinged rear panel doors or a rear tailgate/lift window could be selected for cargo area access.^[106]

= Second Generation (1941-1946)

Second generation (1941–1946)

1941–1946
1941 Chevrolet Carryall Suburban Custom
Maklumat
Tahun model	1941–1946
Pemasangan	Oakland Assembly, Oakland, California North Tarrytown Assembly, Tarrytown, New York Flint Assembly, Flint, Michigan Norwood Assembly, Norwood, Ohio St. Louis Assembly, St. Louis, Missouri Oshawa Assembly, Oshawa, Canada
Gaya badan	2-door wagon 2-door panel truck 2-door canopy express
Reka letak	FR layout
Pelantar	AK Series
Enjin	216 cu in (3.5 L) I6 228 cu in (3.7 L) I6
Penghantaran	3-speed manual^[119]
Jarak roda	116 in (2,946 mm)
Panjang	196.625 in (4,994 mm)^[119]

Suburbans were built in model years 1941, 1942, and 1946. It was also produced during the war as a military transport vehicle.^[120]^[118] Seating for up to eight occupants was available. Models with rear panel doors were designated "3106," while those with tailgates were designated "3116." The Chevrolet versions were equipped a 216-cubic-inch 6-cylinder engine. The GMC version was equipped with a 228-cubic-inch 6-cylinder engine. It shared much of its mechanicals with the AK Series trucks.

= Third Generation (1947-1954)

Third generation (1947–1954)

1947–1954
1952 Chevrolet COE Suburban
Maklumat
Tahun model	1947–1954
Pemasangan	Van Nuys Assembly (Van Nuys, California)
Gaya badan	2-door carryall 2-door panel truck 2-door canopy express
Reka letak	FR layout
Pelantar	Advance Design
Enjin	216 cu in (3.5 L) "Stovebolt" OHV I6 235 cu in (3.9 L) "Thriftmaster" I6 after 1954^[121]
Penghantaran	3 speed manual 4 speed manual, 4 speed Hydra-Matic automatic
Jarak roda	116 in (2,946 mm)^[121]
Panjang	196.375 in (4,988 mm)

This model generation was based on the Chevrolet Advance Design series of pickups.

Beginning in 1953, the Hydra-Matic 4-speed automatic transmission was available in GMC models and in the 1954 model year Chevrolet Suburbans. Models with rear panel doors were designated "3106," while those with tailgates were designated "3116." In 1952, the Suburban came with either a tailgate or panel doors.^[118] The front bench seat was split, with two seats on the driver's side and a single seat on the passenger side, which slid forward for access to the rear two rows of seats. The second row was a "2/3" seat, requiring occupants to move past the front passenger seat, as well as the second-row seats to access the third row.

This was the last series to feature "Canopy express" models.^{[perlu rujukan]}

The design of the 1947 Suburban would inspire the design of the Chevrolet HHR over half a century later.^{[perlu rujukan]}

= Fourth Generation (1955-1959)

Fourth generation (1955–1959)

1955–1959
1955 Chevrolet Suburban
Maklumat
Tahun model	1955–1959
Gaya badan	2-door carryall 2-door panel truck
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	Task Force
Enjin	265 cu in (4.3 L) 145 hp (108 kW) V8^[122] 283 cu in (4.6 L) 155 hp (116 kW) V8^[123]
Penghantaran	3-speed manual, 4-speed manual, 4-speed Hydra-Matic automatic^[124]
Jarak roda	114 in (2,896 mm)^[125]

Updated engineering and styling on Chevrolet trucks was not introduced until March 25, 1955, in the middle of the model year that GM called the Chevrolet Task Force/GMC Blue Chip series. All Chevrolet and GMC truck models received new styling that included a flatter hood, front fenders flush with the body, and a trapezoid grill.^[118] The trucks' V-shaped speedometer was shared with passenger car models.^[126]

Engines included I-6 and the small-block V8s. Chevrolet used its 265 V8 engine, later evolving it to a 283-cubic-inch version. GMC based their V8 on a Pontiac design. Standard Suburban model numbers continued from the previous series, but the introduction of four-wheel-drive models in 1957 added the numbers "3156" for 4WD Suburbans with panel doors, and "3166" for 4WD Suburbans with tailgates.^[127]^[128]

The "Suburban" name was also used on GM's fancy 2-door GMC 100 series pickup trucks from 1955–1959, called the Suburban Pickup, which was similar to the Chevrolet Cameo Carrier, but it was dropped at the same time as Chevy's Cameo in March 1958 when GM released the new all-steel "Fleetside" bed option replacing the Cameo / Suburban Pickup fiberglass bedsides. The Suburban name was never used again on a 1/2 ton pickup after the discontinuance of the Suburban Pickup. Although not documented due to a fire that destroyed the records, the production of Suburban Pickups is understood to be 300 or fewer each model year it was offered from 1955–1958.

= Fifth Generation (1960-1966)

Fifth generation (1960–1966)

1960–1966
1961 Chevrolet Apache Suburban
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Carryall
Tahun model	1960–1966
Gaya badan	2-door SUV 2-door panel truck
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	C/K series
Enjin	230 cu in (3.8 L) I6 (63–65) 235 cu in (3.9 L) I6(60–62) 250 cu in (4.1 L) I6 (66) 283 cu in (4.6 L) V8 (60–66) 292 cu in (4.8 L) I6 (63–66) 305 cu in (5.0 L) V6 engine 327 cu in (5.4 L) V8 (66)^[129]
Penghantaran	3-speed synchromesh manual, 4-speed synchromesh, Powerglide^[129]
Jarak roda	115 in (2,921 mm)^[129]
Panjang	199.5 in (5,067 mm)^[129]
Lebar	79.5 in (2,019 mm)

The styling of the 1960 – 1961 model year took cues from the late 1950s Chevrolet vehicles and had large oval ports above the grille. Front independent suspension was new for 1960.^[130] The cab featured a "wrap around" windshield, while tailgate and panel door rear openings were available.

From 1962 onwards, the hood styling was more conservative, with hoods that eliminated the large ports. In 1964, the front glass area was updated to a flatter windshield and larger door glass. 1,150 lb (520 kg) of cargo could be carried in the back.^[131]

This model series introduced a factory-equipped 4WD ("K") option for the first time. The 2WD ("C") models introduced a torsion bar-based independent front suspension and trailing arm and coil spring rear, but by 1963, returned to a more conventional coil-spring approach.

Engine options included I-6 and small-block V8s. A 305 cu in (5.0 L) GMC V6 engine was also available on GMC models. This 305 was actually from GMCs medium-duty truck line. It featured high torque but was also notable for poor fuel economy. Transmissions were a 3-speed and 4-speed manual, the automatic Powerglide, and the dual-range Hydramatic in the GMC models.

A 15-passenger conversion was done by Stageway of Fort Smith, Ark. These modified Suburbans had three doors on the right, a 171 in (4,343 mm) wheelbase, were 273 in (6,934 mm) long, and weighed 6,300 lb (2,858 kg).^[118]

One ton (C-30), 10-kaki (3 m) panel truck models were no longer available after 1966.

1964 Chevy Suburban Carryall

1966 GMC Suburban version

= Sixth Generation (1967-1972)

Sixth generation (1967–1972)

1967–1972
Chevrolet Suburban 1970
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Carryall Chevrolet Veraneio (Brazil)
Tahun model	1967–1972
Pengganti	Chevrolet Greenbrier (for panel truck models)
Gaya badan	3-door station wagon (North America) 5-door SUV (Brazil) 2-door panel truck
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	C/K series
Enjin	305 cu in (5.0 L) V6 250 cu in (4.1 L) I6 292 cu in (4.8 L) I6 283 cu in (4.6 L)V8 307 cu in (5.0 L) V8 327 cu in (5.4 L) V8 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8 396 cu in (6.5 L) V8^[132]
Penghantaran	3-speed manual, 4-speed manual, Powerglide, Turbo-Hydramatic^[133]
Jarak roda	127 in (3,226 mm)^[118]^[134]
Panjang	215.5 in (5,474 mm)^[134]

The 6th generation Suburbans featured a single driver-side door and two passenger-side doors, and were available in both 2WD and 4WD models.

Engines offered over the six model years included the 250 and 292 CI inline 6, 283, 307, 327, and 350 CI small-block V-8, and 396/402 CI big-block V-8. For the first time, a three-quarter-ton version was available. It also became a larger size vehicle as well with the introduction of the K5 Blazer that debuted in 1968 for the 1969 model year.

This series would also be the last to offer C-10 & C-20 panel truck models for commercial purposes, with 1970 as the last year.

1971 models featured disc brakes on the front wheels,^[135] and 1972 was the last year for coil-spring rear suspension on 2WD models. 1972 also introduced a smaller housing for the rear seat air conditioning (a unit that ran the full length of the roof had been available since 1967). The Comfort-Tilt steering wheel became optional in 1971.^[136]

This generation of Suburban coincided with the rapid growth of the recreational vehicle market. While only about 6,200 Suburbans were produced in 1967, by 1972 that number had grown to some 27,000.

Chevrolet Veraneio (Brazil)

In 1964, Chevrolet in Brazil introduced a 5-door version of the Suburban called C-1416 (known as Veraneio from 1969 onwards, which is Portuguese for "summertime"). It was based on the contemporary Brazilian Chevrolet C-14. Like the C-14, the C-1416/Veraneio used the instrument cluster from the US C/K series although the exterior sheet metal layout is exclusive to Brazil. It was initially powered with a Chevrolet 4.2 L inline-six based on the pre-1962 "Stovebolt" engines. Later it used the 250-CID 4.1 L engine from Chevrolet's Brazilian mid-size sedan – the Opala. The original version of the Veraneio was kept in production, with another grille and interior, until 1988 (model year 1989), but it was eventually replaced with an updated version based on the Série 20 family.^[137] The second generation of Veraneio was produced from 1989 to 1995.

In 1997 GM introduced in Brazil the North American pickups for the local market, replacing the "C Series". The Brazilian version of the Suburban was also converted to the current generation at the time and lasted until 2001, was called the Grand Blazer, a successor to the Veraneio. The 4.1 L inline-six engine with 138 hp (103 kW) was offered on both models with option for a MWM 4.2 L turbodiesel unit with 168 hp (125 kW).

In 2015, Autoweek ranked the Veraneio fourth among Chevrolet station wagons never sold in the US. It also cited the vehicle's design as "baroque" and summed it up as "a 1960s Brazilian crossover." Autoweek noted that the Veraneio can be imported to the United States, depending on the condition of the vehicle.^[138]

= Seventh Generation (1972-1990)

Seventh generation (1973–1991 (1972-1990 ASEAN))

1973–1991
Chevrolet Suburban C20 Wagon Sport
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Suburban Chevrolet Veraneio (Brazilian version)
Tahun model	1973–1991 1972-1990 (1989–1996 in Brazil)
Pemasangan	Flint, Michigan Janesville, Wisconsin São Caetano do Sul, Brazil
Gaya badan	4-door SUV 2-door SWB SUV (Brazil) 4-door Pickup Truck (Brazil)
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	C/K series
Enjin	Diesel: 4.0 L (245 cu in) I4 Maxion S4/S4T (Brazil) 5.7 L (350 cu in) LF9 V8 (1978–81) 6.2 L (379 cu in) Detroit Diesel V8 (1982–91) Gasoline: 4.1 L (250 cu in) I6 5.0 L (305 cu in) V8 (1976–88) 5.0 L (307 cu in) V8 (1973) 5.7 L (350 cu in) V8 6.6 L (400 cu in) V8 (1976–80) 7.4 L (454 cu in) V8
Penghantaran	Manual: 3-Speed 4-Speed Automatic: 3-Speed THM-350 3-Speed THM-400 4-Speed 700R4 (1981–91) 4-Speed 4L80-E (1991)
Jarak roda	129.5 in (3,289 mm)
Panjang	219.1 in (5,565 mm)
Lebar	79.6 in (2,022 mm)
Tinggi	R10: 72.0 in (1,829 mm) V10: 73.8 in (1,875 mm) R20: 74.3 in (1,887 mm) V20: 76.1 in (1,933 mm)
Berkait	Chevrolet K-Blazer/GMC K-Jimmy Chevrolet/GMC C/K

With the third generation Rounded-Line C/R & K/V models, the Suburban became a four-door vehicle.^[139] The Rounded-Line 1970s body style remained largely unchanged for 19 model years – making this series the longest Suburban generation in production. 2WD (C/R) and 4WD models (K/V) were both available in 1/2 and 3/4 ton ("10" and "20") chassis.

Suburbans for model year 1973^[140] now had two doors on each side (the previous generation had just one door on the driver's side), front-and-rear air conditioning, a baggage rack, a heater under the third seat and step-plates for easier access.^[141] A new Eaton Automatic Differential Lock was introduced as an option extra for the rear differential.

For the 1973 model year, the base engine was the 250 CID inline-six (100 net HP), with a 307 or 350-cubic-inch small-block V8 (115 or 155 net), or the new-for-1973 454 CID big-block V8 (240 net HP) optional. The 307 V8 was dropped for 1974, supplanted by the 305 and 400 small block V8's in 1976. The 400 was dropped after 1980, leaving the 350 as the only available engine in K-series Suburbans as the 454 was not yet offered in 4x4's. In 1982 a new 6.2 L (379 cu in) Detroit Diesel V8 engine was available, producing 130 horsepower and 240 lb.-ft. of torque.^[142] The Diesel later became the engine of choice for Suburbans exported to Europe from USA. Except for the discontinuation of the 305 V8 in 1988, the engine line-up continued mostly unchanged, with the 350, 454, and 6.2 diesel, until the Suburban was redesigned onto the GMT400 chassis in 1992.

Three-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 350 and 400 automatic transmissions were available, and the four-speed Turbo Hydra-Matic 700R4 was introduced in 1981 and was available with the small block and 6.2-liter diesel. Towing packages, with lower axle ratio and heavy-duty cooling additions, were optional.

Trim options included base (Scottsdale) level and upgraded Silverado versions. An optional 3rd-row bench seat allowed for nine-passenger configurations. A rear heating system was optional.

For model year 1981, automatic locking front hubs were added for shift-on-the-move four-wheel drive models, and the NP208 transfer case replaced the NP205 in most models.^[143]

For 1984, asbestos was removed from rear brakes. For 1985, a new grille was used.^[144] A total of 64,670 Suburbans were made in 1985.^[144]

For model year 1987, the method of fuel delivery for the engines was switched from carburetors to electronic fuel injection. (However, for the 454 cubic inch or 7.4-liter displacement engine, carburetors were still made available along with electronic fuel injection for the 1987–1989 model years).^[145] The system that GM chose was called throttle body injection, or TBI. Suburban gained rear-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS) for the 1990 model year. A heavy-duty four-speed automatic transmission, the 4L80-E was added for 1991. Also for 1989, the grille was redesigned to accommodate a quad side-by-side headlight setup and larger marker lights/turn signals than the previous dual filament single headlight setup, which was styled concurrently with the GMT400 light duty trucks. Economy models (usually for fleet usage) were available with only two headlights (again, based on the base model C/K series).

GM temporarily changed the usual "C/K" designation to "R" and "V" for the 1987 through 1991 model years. This was done to avoid confusion with the GMT400-based Chevrolet C/K pickup trucks, which were introduced in 1987, during the overlap period.

1977 GMC Suburban C15 Sierra Classic
1977 Chevrolet C20 Suburban Estate
1979 GMC Suburban C20
1980 GMC Suburban C15 Sierra Classic
1983 GMC Suburban K25 Diesel
1985-1988 GMC Suburban Sierra Classic
1989-1991 Chevrolet Suburban 2500
1986 GMC Sierra Classic 1500

= Eighth Generation (1991-1999)

Eighth generation (1992 (1991–1999))

GMT400

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Suburban Holden Suburban (Oceania)
Pengeluaran	October 1991–1999 (US) February 1998–January 2001 (Australia)
Tahun model	1992–1999 (US) 1998–2001 (Australia) 1991-1999 (ASEAN)
Pemasangan	Janesville, Wisconsin Arlington, Texas Silao, Mexico
Pengganti	GMC Yukon XL (for GMC Suburban)
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	GMT410/425
Enjin	6.5 L (395 cu in) L56 & L65 Turbo Diesel V8 (2500 Only) 5.7 L (350 cu in) L05 V8 (1992–1995) 5.7 L (350 cu in) Vortec L31 V8 (1996–1999) 7.4 L (454 cu in) L19 V8 (2500 Only) (1992–1995) 7.4 L (454 cu in) Vortec L29 V8 (2500 Only) (1996–1999)
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L60 automatic (1500) 4-speed 4L80 automatic (2500)
Jarak roda	131.5 in (3,340 mm)
Panjang	Chevrolet: 219.5 in (5,575 mm) 1992–94 GMC: 218.9 in (5,560 mm) 1995–96 GMC: 220.0 in (5,588 mm)
Lebar	77.0 in (1,956 mm)
Tinggi	68.8 in (1,748 mm) (1992–94 GMC) – 74.6 in (1,895 mm) (1997–99 2500 4WD)
Berkait	Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon Chevrolet/GMC C/K
Pereka bentuk	Chuck Jordan (1988)

The GMT400-based Suburbans were introduced in December 1991 for the 1992 model year. The similar pickup truck models had switched to the newer platforms in the 1988 model year. Both 2WD and 4WD models, designated "C" and "K", were offered, as well as half-ton and three-quarter-ton ("1500" and "2500") models.

The base engine for all variants was the small-block 5.7 liter (350 cu in) V8. The big-block 7.4 L (454 cu in) V8 was optional for the 2500 series. The optional 6.5 L Turbo diesel was available on all models – though rare on the 1500 series. The 6.5 L Turbo diesel used in the Tahoe was detuned to 380 lb·ft (520 N·m) torque due to the limitation of the 8.5-inci (220 mm) axle capacity. 1500 Suburbans with the 6.5 L Turbo diesel used the 14 bolt axle from the 2500 series. Ground clearance was 6.9 inches, the approach angle was 18 degrees for the K-1500 (28 degrees for the K-2500) and the break over angle was 18 degrees.^[146]

Transmissions included the 4L60 four-speed automatic in the 1500 series, and the heavier duty 4L80 four-speed automatic in the 2500 series and the 1500 series fitted with the 6.5 L Turbo diesel. The manual transmission option from the previous generation was dropped.

The GMT400 series introduced independent front suspension. The 2WD models used coil springs and 4WD models used torsion bars in the front suspension. All models used a live axle and leaf springs in the rear.

0–60 mph time for a 1995 Suburban was 9.3 seconds. Top speed of a 1995 Suburban is governed on the engine for economy. A maximum of 98 mph (158 km/j) can be obtained.^[146] City fuel economy was 13 mpg_‑US (18 L/100 km)^[146] and highway was 15 mpg_‑US (16 L/100 km)^[146] while the turning circle was 47.8 ka (14.6 m).^[146] In 1996, fuel economy had improved to 17 mpg_‑US (14 L/100 km) highway.^[147]

Trim options included a base-level version, the LS, and the LT. Interior seating arrangements allowed for either bucket or bench seating in the first row and optional third-row bench. The vehicle could be configured from two- to nine-passenger seating.

Beginning in 1994, GM began making numerous annual changes to the Suburban, including:

Revised front clip and center stop lamp (1994)
Revised interior including a driver-side air bag, revised side mirrors (1995)
Revised Vortec L31 (350 cu. in.) and Vortec 7400 (454 cu. in) engines with increased power and fuel efficiency, electronic 4WD shifting, daytime running lights, illuminated entry, and some new interior features (1996)
Revised transmissions, improved steering system, and added passenger-side airbag (1997)
Onstar, PassLock security system and full-time AutoTrac 4WD option added, next generation "depowered" air bags, revised steering wheel, transmissions revised again (1998)^[148]
No major changes upon introduction of redesigned 2000 models (1999)

1991–1994 Chevrolet Suburban (Cheyenne Trim)
1992–1996 GMC Suburban (SL [Base] Trim)
GMT400 1997–1999 GMC 1/2 Ton Suburban
GMT400 1997–1999 Chevrolet 3/4 Ton TurboDiesel Suburban (Silverado Trim)

Holden Suburban

In Australia and New Zealand, Holden imported the right-hand drive Chevrolet Suburban built by GM in Silao, Mexico, between February 1998 and January 2001.^[149] The Suburban was first previewed in October 1997 at the Sydney Motor Show.^[150] In total, 746 were sold (460 petrol and 286 diesel).^[151] After 2001, subsequent models reverted to the original Chevrolet brand, which had also been used before 1998. Over the model's lifetime there were three trim levels: a base model, the LS and the LT. Not to be confused with the trim variants is the model code, designated K8.^[152]

The Holden's interior differed from that of the American version, whereby the dashboard of the Chevrolet Blazer was used instead. However, it had to be stretched on the passenger (left) side to fit in the larger Suburban. A bench seat came standard on the entry-level variant as well as the LS, but the more expensive LT received bucket seats. With the omission of the center seat, the LT has a maximum seating capacity of eight, compared to nine.^[153]

Creature comforts standard in all models included a LCD compass in the rear-view mirror, a tilt adjustable steering wheel, a driver's airbag, ABS brakes, and dual-zone air conditioning.^[153] The second tier LS brought alloy wheels, power windows and mirrors among some features. To further up the ante, the LT gained electric front seats, leather trim, and a horizontally slated, two-part tailgate. This came as opposed to the "barn doors" found on the other specifications.^[154]

The Suburban was offered with the choice of either a 5.7-liter Vortec V8, producing 190 kW (255 hp) and 447 N·m (330 lb·ft) of torque, or a 6.5-liter turbodiesel V8 outputting 145 kW (194 hp) and 583 N·m (430 lb·ft).^[153] The former choice was designated the "1500" name, while the turbodiesel saw the "2500" identify.^[154] The 5.7-liter petrol engine is LPG-compatible, and such systems can be retrofitted if desired. Regardless of the engine specified, the truck was equipped with a four-speed automatic transmission. However, what differed was the type of transmission. Petrol motors were fitted with the GM 4L60-E transmission, with the GM 4L80-E reserved for the diesel.^[151] A dashboard switch allows the vehicle to power all four wheels simultaneously, or the rear wheels only, and allows the low range gearing to be engaged.^[153]

The vehicle's fuel efficiency has been rated at 19.7 L/100 km (11.9 mpg_‑US) for the diesel specification,^[155] with that figure rising to 21.8 L/100 km (10.8 mpg_‑US) for the petrol model.^[156] With the hefty fuel consumption comes a 159-liter fuel tank.^[153]

To combat the extra payload and towing capacity of the diesel, an improved braking package, as well as super heavy duty axles and suspension were fitted. Holden recommends a maximum 3,400 kilogram (7,500 lb) towing limit for the turbo diesels, with a reduced figure of 2,720 kilogram (6,000 lb) for the petrol models.^[153]

The Holden Suburban's run wasn't the first or only time that Holden had sold the GMT400 platform in Oceania. Beginning in 1996, they imported GMC C/Ks for ambulance conversions. Unlike the Suburbans, these vehicles were not available to the general public, nor did they bear Holden badging. They also were not built as right-hand-drives from the factory like the Suburban was; the same company that handled the ambulance conversion (Jakab Ambulance in Tamworth) also switched the steering to the other side.

= Ninth Generation (2000-2006)

Ninth generation (2000–2006)

GMT800
Chevrolet Suburban LT MAX
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Yukon XL GMC Yukon XL Denali Cadillac Escalade ESV
Pengeluaran	1999 – December 2005
Tahun model	2000–2006
Pemasangan	Janesville, Wisconsin, United States Arlington, Texas, United States Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	GMT830
Enjin	5.3 L (325 cu in) Vortec 5300 LM7 V8 (Gen III) (1500 only) 5.3 L (325 cu in) Vortec 5300 L59 flex fuel V8 (Gen III) (1500 only) (2002–2006) 5.7 L (350 cu in) Vortec L31 V8 (2000–2002 Mexico Only) 6.0 L (364 cu in) Vortec 6000 LQ4 V8 (Gen III) (optional on 1500 in 2006; standard on 2500)^[157] 8.1 L (496 cu in) Vortec 8100 L18 V8 (optional on 2500 only)
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L60E automatic (1500 only) 4-speed 4L65E automatic (Denali only) 4-speed 4L80E automatic (2500 w/ 6.0 L engine only) 4-speed 4L85E automatic (2500 w/ 8.1 L engine only)
Jarak roda	130.0 in (3,302 mm)
Panjang	219.3 in (5,570 mm)
Lebar	78.8–79.8 in (2,002–2,027 mm)
Tinggi	73.3 in (1,862 mm) (2000–02 Chevy 1500 4WD) – 77.1 in (1,958 mm) (Yukon XL 2500 4WD)
Berkait	Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Chevrolet Avalanche/Cadillac Escalade EXT Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon Cadillac Escalade Hummer H2
Pereka bentuk	Wayne Cherry (1996)

The GMT800-based Suburbans were introduced in late December 1999 (Texas-only) and January 2000 (nationally) for the 2000 model year.^[158] They were sold in two series: 1/2-ton 1500 and 3/4-ton 2500. Suburbans came in Base, LS, and LT trims. Optional was a pushbutton 4WD with a low-range transfer case. A tow hitch with a trailer wiring plug was optional.

For 2000, Chevrolet's long-serving 5.7 L and 7.4 L V8 engines were retired along with the 6.5 L diesel. New engines were Vortec 5300 5.3 L (325 cu in) for the 1500 series and Vortec 6000 6.0 L (364 cu in) for the 2500 series.

New features included:

A spare tire relocated beneath the vehicle (instead of in the cargo area as on previous models)
"Puddle lamps" in the exterior mirrors on LS and LT models
New instrument panel including a driver message center and engine hour meter
Electronic climate control available on LT models
Four-wheel disc brakes
Load-leveling Autoride suspension available on LT models
Premium Ride rear self-leveling suspension available on LS models
Digital Components
new wheels
new interior
new modern dashboard
taillights with separate amber-colored turn signal indicators (thus this generation only)

For 2001, the 6.0 L V8 in 2500-series Suburbans gained 20 hp (15 kW) from a number of changes including aluminum cylinder heads. The new Vortec 8100 8.1 L (496 cu in) V8 was added as an option for the 2500 as well. OnStar became standard on LT models and LS models with the new Z71 package. Quadrasteer four-wheel steering was added as an option on 2500 models only.

2002 saw several optional features made standard equipment on the LS model, including front and rear air conditioning, alloy wheels, power windows, power front seats, side steps, fog lamps, and heated outside rearview mirrors. Base models were discontinued, leaving LS and LT.

The Vortec 5300 L59 variant in the 1500 series added flex-fuel capability. The 6.0 engine was not available in the 1500 series.

For 2003, all GM full-size trucks received an upgraded interior, with better-quality materials and other enhancements. New radios offered Radio Data System compatibility, XM satellite radio, Bose sound and improved ergonomics. Adjustable pedals were added as an option, and the instrument cluster-mounted Driver Information Center was improved and monitored up to 34 vehicle functions. A Panasonic DVD system was added as an option. GM's Stabilitrak system was added, and Quadrasteer became available on 2500 series Suburbans. Towing capacity for Quadrasteer-equipped vehicles was reduced by 300 lbs (the weight of the system).^[159]

For 2004, 1500-series Suburbans received the Hydroboost braking system that was previously introduced in the 2500 series.

The Mexican-market Suburban received a front end update this year, matching that of the Silverado.

The 2005 model year saw the long-standard side-hinged panel doors discontinued in favor of the formerly optional liftgate. All engines switched to an all-electric cooling system to reduce power loss and fuel consumption.

The Z71 package, long exclusive to 4WD models, became available on 2WD Suburbans. OnStar also became standard across the board.

Finally, Stabilitrak became standard on all models shortly after the start of the model year.

the 2005 Suburban 1500 won the J.D. Power and Associates award for highest initial quality among large SUVs, beating out its rivals the Ford Expedition and Toyota Sequoia.

For 2006, the GMT800 Suburban's last year, a special LTZ trim package became available, featuring 20-inci (510 mm) wheels, all-wheel drive, and the LQ4 6.0 L engine of the 2500 series of trucks and SUVs.

The catalytic converters were relocated closer to the engine. The XM radio antenna and the OnStar antenna were combined into a single unit.

Engines

Vortec 5300 325 cu in V8 270 hp (00), 285 hp(01-03) 295 hp (04-06)03-06 at 5200 rpm and 335 lb·ft (454 N.m) of torque at 4000 rpm.
Vortec 6000 364 cu in V8 (335 hp at 5200 rpm and 375 lb·ft (508 N·m) of torque at 4000 rpm).
Vortec 8100 496 cu in V8 (325 hp at 4200 rpm and 447 lb·ft (606 N·m) of torque at 3200 rpm).
Vortec 5700 350 cu in V8 remained in use in 2002-00 Suburbans, Tahoes (called Sonora) as well as Silverado pickup trucks in the Mexican market

= Tenth Generation (2007-2015)

Tenth generation (2007–2014 (2015 ASEAN)

GMT900

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Yukon XL Cadillac Escalade ESV VIA VTrux SUV
Pengeluaran	January 2006 – December 2013
Tahun model	2007–2014 2007-2015 ASEAN National
Pemasangan	Janesville, Wisconsin, U.S. Arlington, Texas, U.S. Silao, Mexico
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	GMT930: GMT931 (Suburban) GMT932 (Yukon XL)
Enjin	5.3 L (325 cu in) Vortec 5300 LY5 V8 (1500 only) 5.3 L (325 cu in) Vortec 5300 LMG flex fuel V8 (optional on 1500 only) 6.0 L (364 cu in) Vortec 6000 L76 V8 (1500 only) (optional from 2007 – 2009) 6.0 L (364 cu in) Vortec 6000 LY6 V8 (2500 only) 6.2 L (376 cu in) Vortec 6200 V8 (GMC Yukon XL 1500 Denali only)
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L60E automatic (1500 only) (standard from 2007 – 2009) 4-speed 4L80E automatic (2500 only) (standard 2007 only) 6-speed 6L80 automatic (1500 only) (optional in 2009, standard from 2010 – 2014) 6-speed 6L90 automatic (2500 only) (standard from 2008 – 2013)
Jarak roda	130.0 in (3,302 mm)^[160]
Panjang	222.4 in (5,649 mm)^[160]
Lebar	79.1 in (2,009 mm)
Tinggi	76.8 in (1,951 mm) Denali: 77.1 in (1,958 mm)
Berkait	Cadillac Escalade Chevrolet Avalanche Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon T-98 Kombat/Dartz
Pereka bentuk	Wayne Cherry (2002)

The 2007 model year Suburban and Yukon XL were unveiled at the 2006 Los Angeles Auto Show in January. Production of the redesigned GMT900 Suburban and Yukon XL began at Janesville Assembly and Silao Assembly in January 2006 (Suburban) April 2006 (Yukon XL), with the vehicles arriving at dealerships in April.

The new models were redesigned with more modern, less boxy styling,^[160] already seen on the previously released 2007 Tahoes and Yukons. The exterior features a more aerodynamic shape, made partly by a steeply raked windshield angle.

The interior has a redesigned dashboard and improved seats. It still retains its 9-passenger seating availability, which is available on LS and SLE models only. LT2 and LT3 models have leather seating and available 6-, 7-, and 8-passenger seating. A Z71 package was available on LT2 and LT3 models which includes two-tone leather seats. All Mexican-built Suburbans including the 9-seat models offer the special two-tone leather seating used by the Z71. The Suburban LTZ comes standard with a DVD player and a GPS navigation enhanced touchscreen radio.

For the 2010 model year, in which U.S. News & World Report ranked it as the number one affordable large SUV,^[161] the Suburban added a premium interior package that includes tri-zone climate control and handy features like Bluetooth and rear audio controls. Additionally, radios that are standard in all 2010 trims got a USB port, allowing for music to be played from auxiliary devices through the radio, as well as charging other small electronics. Side blind zone alert became an option on LT and LTZ. The 6.0-liter engine in the 2010 models will also be flex-fuel capable. Minor front end changes including a slightly raised front bumper and side torso airbags were also made standard for 2010.

In February 2010, Chevrolet unveiled a 75th-anniversary edition of the Suburban, which had the LTZ trim with white diamond tricoat exterior paint and cashmere interior, along with standard 20-inch chrome-clad wheels, revised roof rails, integrated navigation radio, XM Satellite Radio, Bluetooth phone connectivity, rearview camera, rear park assist, remote starting, adjustable pedals, and leather upholstery with heated/cooled front seats. Chevrolet says that the anniversary edition will be limited to 2,570 units because of the amount of white diamond paint GM can procure.^[162]

The 5.3 L and 6.0 L engines carried over, and a new 403 horsepower (301 kW) 6.2 L Vortec V8 was added for the Yukon XL Denali. The 8.1 L engine was dropped.

For the 2011 model year, the Suburban will add three new exterior colors to the lineup: Mocha Steel Metallic, Green Steel Metallic, and Ice Blue Metallic. The trims will also get an updated modification, with the rear audio system, Bluetooth, floor console/storage area, woodgrain interior, luggage rack rails, body-color exterior door handle/mirror caps, and premium-cloth front bucket seats now standard on the 1LS trim, and chrome recovery hooks, two-speed transfer case, and 20-inch chrome wheels standard on its 1LS 4WD models. In addition, the trailering package will feature the trailer brake controller as a standard on all trims.^[163]

For the 2012 model year, trailer sway control and Hill Start Assist become standard on all trims, while the LTZ trim added a heated steering wheel and Side Blind Zone Alert as a standard.^[164] Also, the LT1/2 options for the Suburban and SLE1/2 and SLT1/2 options on the Yukon XL were discontinued, leaving the Suburban with only an LS, LT, and LTZ trim and the Yukon XL with an SLE and SLT trim. In 2012, GMC celebrated its 100th anniversary by releasing a special edition of its Yukon XL, offering a Heritage Edition trim package.^[165] This was the final year that three colors, Graystone Metallic, Gold Mist Metallic, and Blue Topaz Metallic, would be offered, along with the all-season blackwall P265/65R18 tires.

For the 2013 model year, two new colors were offered: Champagne Silver Metallic and Blue Ray Metallic (extra charge). Also new is Powertrain Grade Braking, normal mode. The 2013 model arrived at Chevrolet dealers in June 2012.^[166]

For the 2014 model year, power-adjustable pedals, remote vehicle starter system, and rear parking assist along with rear vision camera and inside mirror with camera display became standard on the Suburban LS trims. Concord Metallic (which was supposed to be available for the 2013 MY) was added to the Suburban color offerings for the 2014 models.^[167] For the Yukon XL, a convenience package became standard on its SLE models, along with a new color, Deep Indigo Metallic.^[168] In February 2014, The Suburban came in second behind the Tahoe among the top-ranked large affordable SUVs by U.S News & World Report.^[169] This would be followed by being acknowledged as an award recipient in the large SUV category by JD Power and Associates in July 2014.^[170]

The three-quarter-ton model's towing capacity is 9,600 lb (4,400 kg), being one of the best of any 4x4 SUV and unmatched by any other SUV. The towing capacity of the Suburban 2500 was unmatched, but also uncontested due to the discontinuation of the Ford Excursion in 2006. The three-quarter-ton model also has a GCVW of 16,000 lb (7,300 kg).

The 2500 Suburban was originally sourced from Silao, Mexico from 2007 to 2008 but was moved to the Arlington, Texas assembly plant for the 2009 model year, where production of all GM fullsize SUVs was consolidated after the closing of the Janesville plant.^[171]^[172]

GM discontinued the 2500 3/4 Ton versions of both Suburban and Yukon XL models after the 2013 model year.^[173]^[174]

The tenth generation Suburban's design provided the basis for the Declasse Granger and its law enforcement counterparts, a line of fictitious SUVs that are featured in the Grand Theft Auto video game series as of Grand Theft Auto V.

= Eleventh Generation (2016-2021)

Eleventh generation (2015–2020 (2016-2021)

GMT K2YC/G
Chevrolet Suburban LT 2019/2020
Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Yukon XL Cadillac Escalade ESV
Pengeluaran	December 2013–December 2019
Tahun model	2015–2020 2016-2021
Pemasangan	Arlington, Texas
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	GMT K2XX Suburban: GMTK2YC Yukon XL/Denali XL: GMTK2YG
Enjin	5.3 L (325 cu in) EcoTec3 V8 FlexFuel 6.2 L EcoTec3 V-8 FlexFuel (Yukon XL Denali 2015–present; RST Suburban package, 2019–)^[176]
Penghantaran	6-speed GM 6L80 automatic 8-speed GM 8L90 automatic (Yukon XL Denali) 10-speed Hydra-Matic 10L90 automatic (RST Suburban package, 2019–)
Jarak roda	130.0 in (3,302 mm)
Panjang	Suburban: 224.4 in (5,700 mm) Yukon XL: 224.3 in (5,697 mm)
Lebar	80.5 in (2,045 mm)
Tinggi	74.4 in (1,890 mm) Denali: 77.1 in (1,958 mm)
Berat Curb	5,586–6,021 paun (2,534–2,731 kg)^[177]^[178]
Berkait	Cadillac Escalade Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon
Pereka bentuk	Louis "Chip" Thole, Warrack Leach, Alexandre Henriques, Tyler Moffatt, Fawad Jamil^[175]

The eleventh generation Chevrolet Suburban, GMC Yukon XL, and Yukon Denali XL were introduced to the public on September 12, 2013,^[179] and GM unveiled the vehicles in different locations (The Suburban in New York, Yukon XL in Los Angeles) on that date.^[180] Both vehicles are based on the GMT K2XX platform and will carry unique serial designated numbers, identified by platform (K2), brand (YC for Chevrolet, YG for GMC), drivetrain (C for 2WD; K for 4WD), tonnage (15 for half-ton, 25 for 3/4-ton, 35 for 1-ton), wheelbase (7 for short, 9 for long), and 06 for SUV, which means that a K2YC-K-15-9-06 would be identified as a Chevrolet Suburban 1500 4WD.^[181] The Suburban and Yukon XL went on sale in February 2014 as a 2015 model,^[182]^[183] with the vehicles built exclusively in Arlington, Texas.^[184]

Production details

The newly redesigned Suburban and Yukon XL were showcased to the public for the first time on September 27, 2013, at the State Fair of Texas.^[185]^[186] This move comes on the heels of the 80th anniversary of the first production of the Suburban in 1934.

The designs and concepts were created by GM's exterior design manager Chip Thole (before his transfer to GM's Buick design studio in 2013), who told Truck Trend "I start with what intuition tells me about the market and get the team going on that. You look at trends around the industry – fashion, culture, what people are buying, what they say they want now – and project that into the future. The fun part is putting those ideas to paper and going from there." He then added, "We wanted to take what was good about today's vehicles, bring that forward and make them new and different with that spark of freshness that people recognize, without making them gimmicky or overdone." Thole also challenged his design team to help bring ideas to the SUVs, which lead to the split headlamps and a more graphic feel for the Suburban design, while a more industrial but sculptured look was added to the Yukon XL to give it a unique identity of its own.^[187]

Production on the Suburban and Tahoe began in December 2013 with the first completed SUVs being used for testing purposes.^[188] GM then officially started shipping the vehicles to dealerships on February 5, 2014.^[189] It is estimated that it takes 8–10 weeks to assemble the SUVs, save for the upgrades on the level trims and destination scheduling.^[190]

Chevrolet introduced the designs, choices and build-your-own features for the 2015 models on its website in January 2014 with a set price starting at $47,000 (2WD) to $50,000 (4WD) for the LS trim, $52,000 (2WD) to $55,000 (4WD) for the LT trim, and $61,000 (2WD) to $65,000 (4WD) for the LTZ trim.^[191]^[192]^[193] The pricing on GMC's Yukon XL was set at around $49,000 (2WD) to $52,000 (4WD) for the SLE, $57,000 (2WD) to $60,000 (4WD) for the SLT, and $65,000 (2WD) to $68,000 (4WD) for the Denali trims.^[194]

Features

The front fascias of the Chevy Suburban and GMC Yukon XL are distinct, but from the base of the A-pillars back, they share most of the same styling cues. This now includes inlaid doors that tuck into the door sills, instead of over them, improving aerodynamics, fuel economy, and lessens interior noise. The hoods and liftgate panels are made of aluminum to reduce vehicle weight, and the wiper blades that were located on the liftgate door were moved to the rear spoiler located on the top of the rear liftgate window. Also noticeable is the SUV's length, which expands from 222.4 hingga 224.4 in (5,649 hingga 5,700 mm) (the Yukon XL's length is shorter at 224.3 in (5,697 mm)) and its width from 79.1 hingga 80.5 in (2,009 hingga 2,045 mm), while the height decreases from 76.8 hingga 74.4 in (1,951 hingga 1,890 mm), thus allowing the vehicle to become slightly leaner, a little bit wider, more streamlined, and roomier.

A more efficient, direct-injected EcoTec3 V8 powertrain (5.3 for the Suburban, 6.2 for Yukon XL/Yukon Denali XL) coupled with improved aerodynamics, helped the SUVs offer greater estimated highway fuel economy and improving its fuel economy estimates to 16MPG (City)/23MPG (Highway)/18 (Combined) for 2WD, and 15MPG (City)/22MPG (Highway)/18 (Combined) for 4WD.^[195] The increased fuel economy also vaulted the Suburban/Yukon XL into the top spot among large SUVs with the most efficient fuel economy rating numbers for this segment.^[196] However, when Motor Trend (which placed the 2015 Suburban on the front cover of its June 2014 issue) did a road test review on the SUVs, it estimated the 4WD MPG on the Suburban LTZ to be slightly better at around 15.2 City and 22.3 Highway, while the 4WD Yukon Denali XL, whose fuel economy (MPG) is rated at 14 City/20 Highway, was estimated lower at 12.4 City and 19.2 Highway.^[197]

Like the 2007–14 version, both the Suburban and Yukon XL do not share a single piece of sheet metal or lighting element with the brands' full-size pick-up trucks (GMC Sierra and Chevy Silverado), and the front grilles of both vehicles are slightly altered to give it their own identity. The front headlights feature projector-beam headlamps that flank the Chevrolet-signature dual-port grille – chrome on all models, sweeping into the front fenders, while the Tahoe, Suburban LTZ, Yukon, and Yukon XL Denali trims feature projector-beam high-intensity discharge headlamps and light-emitting diode daytime running lamps. The Yukon and Yukon XL also feature projector-beam halogen headlamps on all SLE and SLT trims. The improved safety features included a 360-degree radar detection for crash avoidance and occupant protection and a high-tech anti-theft system that now includes vertical and interior sensors, in-glass and window breaking, a triggering alarm, and a shutdown device that prevents the vehicle from moving. The latter is expected to address the issues regarding the constant thefts of the vehicles, especially with the previous generation's removable seats and items left in the cargo space, which has become a target for carjackers who see the third-row seats as valuable on the black market.^[198] According to General Motors' head of Global Vehicle Security Bill Biondo, "We have engineered a layered approach to vehicle security," adding that "With new standard features and the available theft protection package, we are making the vehicles less attractive target to thieves and more secure for our customers."^[199]

Also new are the addition of fold-flat second and third-row seats (replacing the aforementioned removable third seats), which is now a standard feature but can be equipped with an optional power-folding feature for the upgraded trims, and an additional two inches of legroom for second-row passengers. HD radio became a standard feature on all trims. Multiple USB ports and power outlets are now spread throughout their interiors, including one 110-volt, three-prong outlet on both Suburban and Yukon XL, with the Suburban adding an available eight-inch color touch screen radio with next-generation MyLink connectivity along with an available rear-seat entertainment system with dual screens and Blu-ray DVD player, while the Yukon XL adds a standard eight-inch-diagonal color touch screen radio with enhanced IntelliLink and available navigation. A 4G LTE WiFi access system, along with Siri Eyes Free and text messaging alerts, was included in all vehicles that feature the OnStar device around the second quarter of 2014.^[200]^[201]

The Yukon XL interior has more additional features that include seats stuffed with dual-firmness foam, a standard Bose sound system and SD card slots, and laminated glass for the windshield and front windows, decreasing interior noise. The Denali Yukon XLs comes equipped with active noise-cancellation technology, with GM's third-generation magnetic ride control suspension as a standard feature, which is only featured on the Suburban LTZ models, whose upgraded features also includes a real-time damping system that delivers more precise body motion control by "reading" the road every millisecond and changing damping in just five milliseconds.

The Suburban will have eight color palettes to choose from for the 2015 model year: Champagne Silver Metallic, Silver Ice Metallic, White Diamond Tricoat, Sable Metallic, Crystal Red Tricoat, Summit White, Tungsten Metallic, and Black.^[202] The GMC Yukon XL palettes will be available in nine colors: Onyx Black, Summit White, Quicksilver Metallic, Champagne Silver Metallic, Iridium Metallic, Bronze Alloy Metallic, Crystal Red Tintcoat, White Diamond Tricoat, and Midnight Amethyst Metallic. The latter three will be the most expensive color trim options.^[203]

2015 mid-year update

The Suburban received a new color palette, Brownstone Metallic, and added a hands-free power liftgate feature that is standard on the LTZ but included on the LT with the optional Luxury Package. The added 4G LTE WiFi and Siri features became standard on both LT and LTZ trims, while the MyLink with Navigation feature was upgraded from optional to standard on the LTZ trim. The E85 capability feature is removed from retail orders.^[204]

The Yukon XL's 6.2-liter EcoTec3 V8 engine was updated with the new 8L90E eight-speed automatic transmission for the interim model year, allowing it to improve fuel economy.^[205] The Yukon XL Denali, however, saw its MSRP bumped up by $1,300 in part due to the loaded features.^[206]

All GM Full-sized SUVs received a body-colored painted Shark Fin antenna as part of the 2015 mid-year refresh.

This refresh is often referred to as the 2015i, "i" for interim processing code.

2016

For the 2016 model year (which commenced sales in July 2015), the Chevrolet Suburban received more upgraded changes and new features that included power-adjustable pedals, forward collision alert, IntelliBeam headlamps, lane keep assist, and a safety alert seat as part of the newly introduced enhanced driver alert package as an available option on the LS trim. The inside floor console with storage area-SD card reader was removed, while a new AM/FM audio integrated system with Sirius XM, HD Radio, and CD/MP3 capabilities was introduced as a standard feature on all trims; the 8-inch MyLink feature was expanded to the LS trim and became standard (replacing the 4-inch display), although the navigation feature remains as an option on LT and standard on LTZ. A new liftgate shield was added to the Theft Protection Package, along with the new lane keep assist which replaced the lane departure warning. The capless fuel fill tanks became standard on all trims. Siren Red Tintcoat and Iridescent Pearl Tricoat became the new color trims, replacing Crystal Red Tintcoat and White Diamond Tricoat. The instrument cluster was re-configured with a new multi-color enhancement and a heads-up display was introduced as a standard only on the LTZ trim.^[207]^[208] The 2016 models also saw a price hike as well.^[209]

The 2016 GMC Yukon XL also sees similar changes, with the new enhanced driver alert package as an available option on the SLE trim, liftgate, power, hands-free now packaged on SLT trims, a free-flow feature that replaced the Premium package, a lane keep assist added to all trims, and two new premium colors (Crimson Red Tintcoat and White Frost Tricoat) replacing Crystal Red Tintcoat and White Diamond Tricoat respectively.^[210]^[211]

Chevrolet added Apple CarPlay and Android Auto Capability features to the Suburban starting with the 2016 models. However, only one of their phone brands at any one time can be used,^[212] while the Android Auto option will only be available on LT and LTZ trims featuring 8-inch screens.^[213]

GM expanded newer 4G LTE features (like detecting battery failure and monitoring insurance discounts based on driver performance) to 2016 model year vehicles, including the Suburban, which GM cited as being the vehicle that is the most used among data subscribers.^[214]

2017

The 2017 model year Chevrolet Suburban received upgraded changes after it went on sale in August 2016. The level trims LS and LT are retained but the LTZ is renamed Premier, the latter serving as the equivalent to the Yukon XL Denali. The LS trims also saw the badged "LS" lettering removed. The new features include two new colors (Blue Velvet Metallic and Pepperdust Metallic), two new 22-inch wheel options (a 7-spoke Silver wheels with Chrome inserts for all trims; Ultra Bright machined aluminum wheels with Bright Silver finish for Premier trim only), black roof rack cross rails (as part of the Texas Edition Package and All-Season Package), front active aero shutters (all trims), and heated and vented seats (Premier trim only). The MyLink was updated to incorporate Teen Driver, App Shop, Rear Seat Reminder customization, and Low-Speed Forward Automatic Braking (as part of Enhanced Driver Alert Package on the LS trim, but standard on LT and Premier). The Rear Seat Entertainment System was overhauled to include a new video voiceover feature for the visually and hearing impaired, an HDMI/MHL connector, digital headphones, Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) technology incorporated into the Wi-Fi system, and a 2nd USB port with the capability of charging up to a 2.1-amp at the back of the console.^[215]^[216]

The 2017 model year Yukon XL also received similar changes, but with a few exceptions. Two new colors, Dark Blue Sapphire Metallic and Mineral Metallic were introduced, the latter exclusive to the Denali, which also added a new 22-inch ultra-bright aluminum wheels with midnight silver premium paint and a head-up display to its features. The interior backlights changed from red to blue. The heated and vented driver and front passenger seats are now standard on the SLT and Denali trims.^[217]^[218]

2018

The 2018 model year Suburban had a few upgrades and deletions. LED daytime running lights became standard on all trims, along with a new color, Havana Metallic and Satin Steel Metallic. The Cocoa/Mahogany interior that was combined with the Pepperdust Metallic exterior was dropped along with the wireless/inductive phone charging that was part of the Luxury and Texas Edition LT level trims. The fleet/commercial level trim, which had fewer features, is upgraded to include MyLink, HD Radio, multi-color driver information center, LED daytime running lights, and an optional driver alert package.^[219]

The 2018 Yukon Denali XL received a new grille with a layered appearance like the ones on its redesigned 2018 Acadia and Terrain brands, featuring high-intensity-discharge headlights and LED daytime running lights. The refreshed design provides better airflow to the radiator, and when less cooling air is needed, shutters behind the grille close to improve aerodynamics and increase efficiency. The interior featured new ash wood trim that GMC says gives the cabin a richer appearance. A new 10-speed automatic transmission was mated to its 420-horsepower, 6.2-liter V-8 engine, replacing the 8-speed transmission.^[220]

2019

The 2019 Suburban will have both Havana Metallic and Tungsten Metallic deleted in favor of a new Shadow Gray Metallic exterior color, while the top of the line Premier will now have the name displayed on the tailgate. The LS trim continues to make HD Radio a standard feature, but can be deleted if customers opt for the OnStar feature.^[221]

The 2019 model year GMC Yukon XL adds three new exterior colors, Dark Sky Metallic, Pepperdust Metallic, and Smokey Quartz Metallic, while deleting two others, Mineral Metallic and Iridium Metallic. GMC also introduces two new package features, Graphite Edition and Graphite Performance Edition, which will be available in the SLT level trim only^[222]

2020

The 2020 Chevrolet Suburban dropped the LT Signature Package and the LS All-Season Package, along with the Pepperdust Metallic color,^[223] while the 2020 GMC Yukon XL replaced its Pepperdust Metallic color with Carbon Black Metallic and made no additional changes.^[224]

Accolades

The 2015 Suburban was ranked third among the top affordable SUVs and fifth among affordable SUVs with 3-row seats by U.S. News & World Report,^[225] and was among the finalists in Motor Trend's SUV of the year for 2015.^[226] It also received a 2015 MotorWeek Drivers' Choice Award for best large SUV,^[227] while Consumer Reports ranked the Suburban as the best SUV with a third row seat, topping its competitors in this category.^[228]

The Chevrolet Suburban took third place behind the Tahoe and GMC Yukon in the 2016 J.D. Power Vehicle Dependability Study among full-size SUVs, based on responses from owners of the vehicles.^[229]

Good Housekeeping named the 2018 Suburban the “Best New Car of Year 2018” in the Large SUV category. In its review of the vehicle from GH and its reason for the decision to award the SUV: “Whether you're bringing the whole soccer team home or moving kids into college, it's a larger-than-life workhorse that can handle your crew and all their stuff.”^[230]

Consumer Reports added the 2018 Suburban to their recommended list due to high owner satisfaction scores.^[231]

The Suburban was given a Hollywood Walk of Fame star on December 5, 2019, one of two inanimate objects to be awarded such (Disneyland being the other), for its frequent appearances in film and television. Because city regulations prohibit placing corporate names on public sidewalks including the Walk of Fame, the star was instead placed in an area adjacent to the Walk of Fame.^[115]

Sales

The eleventh generation Suburban saw an increase in sales; April 2014 brought a 109.8 percent spike, with most dealers reporting that the vehicles are being sold within 10 days after arriving on the lot, with customers opting for the fully loaded LTZ model, making it one of Chevrolet's fastest selling brands in 2014.^[232] The eleventh generation Suburban is also a hot seller in the Middle East, where in August 2014 posted a 37% increase in sales, with most of the purchases coming from Saudi Arabia (65%), the United Arab Emirates (15%) and Qatar (108%).^[233] By the end of September 2014, GM sold more than 4101 units of the Suburban (up 50.1%), while the Yukon XL posted 2165 units sold (up 64%), with GM boasting that 80% of the vehicles sold were its large SUVs.^[234]

In Canada, sales of the Suburban reached 966 units (up 43%) in 2014, although the Yukon XL is the best seller in that country with 1,760 vehicles sold (up 50.3%) that same year.^[235] Overall, they account for 70 percent of GM Canada's SUV sales for 2014.^[236]

On August 17, 2015, GM confirmed plans to increase production on its large SUVs, especially on the Suburban/Yukon XL, due to lower gas prices and a higher demand for the vehicles. The move also resulted in its Arlington Assembly adding more hours and increasing its production from 48,000 SUVs to 60,000 based on the expanding hours and added Saturday overtime shifts.^[237]

The 2017 MY Suburban saw its biggest sales increase in January 2017, when it posted a 72.3% gain (5,634 units), the most ever since January 2008 when it had the 2008 MY Suburban.^[238]

= Twelfth Generation (2021-Present)

Twelfth generation (2021–present)

GMT1YC

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Yukon XL Cadillac Escalade ESV (2021–)
Pengeluaran	May 2020–present
Tahun model	2021–present
Pemasangan	Arlington, Texas
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	GMT T1XX
Enjin	5.3 L (325 cu in) EcoTec3 V8 FlexFuel 6.2 L EcoTec3 V-8 FlexFuel (High Country) 3.0 L LM2 Duramax I6 turbodiesel (not on Z71 and Mexico-export version)
Penghantaran	10-speed Hydra-Matic 10L80 automatic
Jarak roda	134.1 in (3,406 mm)
Panjang	Suburban: 225.7 in (5,733 mm) Yukon XL: 225.4 in (5,725 mm)
Lebar	81.1 in (2,060 mm)
Tinggi	75.7 in (1,923 mm)
Berat Curb	5,785–5,993 lb (2,624–2,718 kg)
Berkait	Cadillac Escalade (2021) Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon (2021)

On December 10, 2019, Chevrolet introduced the twelfth generation Suburban at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit, Michigan. This time around, GM chose to introduce the Chevrolet full-size SUVs first. The GMC Yukon XL was later introduced on January 14, 2020.^[239] Although the full size fifth generation Cadillac Escalade made its debut on February 4, 2020,^[240] its extended length sibling Escalade ESV was the last GM full size SUV to be introduced online in April 2020 after it was withdrawn from the canceled 2020 New York International Auto Show.^[241]^[242] Originally scheduled to start in April 2020, GM began production on the Suburban on May 18, 2020. They began entering dealerships in June 2020.^[243]^[244]

Chevrolet Suburban

Based on the same GMT T1XX platform as the Silverado 1500, the Suburban distinguished itself by swapping that truck's live axle and leaf springs for an independent rear multilink suspension setup with coil springs, thus lowering the floor of the vehicle and creating more room, in both the cargo area and the second- and third-row seats.^[245] The Suburban expanded its length to 225.7 inches, and the wheelbase to 134.1 inches while shortening down by 15 inches longer due to the rear wheelbase moving back by 5 inches, making it the largest and longest SUV in the extended length segment. It gains 2.0 cubic feet of cargo space behind the third row and 2.2 inches of third-row legroom. The towing capabilities were increased with the twelfth generation models.^[246]

The trims feature the primary basic LS, LT, and Premier levels, with the 4WD-exclusive Z71 and RST moving from package to premium levels, along with the newly added High Country level, the latter being the top of the line. Chevrolet rolled out the LT, Z71, Premier, and High Country levels first, with the LS and RST levels arriving in late Fall 2020.^[247]

Quad exhaust tailpipes are added to the vehicle, giving it a more unique look, although this feature will only be standard on Premier and High Country. This feature will not be offered on the LS, LT, Z71 and RST because of their configuration as regular base, off-road, and street-centric level trims respectively, nor on all trims with a Duramax option.^[248] The RST Suburban, which had photos released in April 2020, will have a unique fascia and a sportier design similar to its Cadillac Escalade ESV Sport level trim.^[249] Both Premier and High Country trims will have power-retractable assist steps that was optional on the Premier trim from the previous generation.^[250]

Although it retained a boxy look, it added a more curvaceous design with this change and adopted the same Chevrolet design language featuring the front grille and distinct LED lighting that is also used on the Silverado, save for the black-grilled Z71 (without the bumper) and RST. The tailgate is more front and center, with the signature "Suburban" name stretched across it. A combination of sheet metal and aluminum was used to ensure a more lightweight vehicle.^[251]

The dashboard and entertainment system have been fleshed out, moving away from the traditional design. Newly updated features include a 10.25-inch touch screen that is now standard on all trims, and a pair of 12.6-inch LCD rear screens that can play movies and offer content from passengers’ smartphones and can play different programs on the two screens. A new push-button shifter column (P, R, N, D) is placed on the dashboard. Nine camera displays for enhanced towing capabilities and a total of 30 additional safety features have been implemented throughout the Suburban. An Air Ride Adaptive Suspension is standard on the higher trims, likewise with an 8-inch driver screen. Another new feature, a power sliding console, will become available later in late Summer or Fall 2020. The High Country Suburban will also have a Deluxe package option with advance features that will be exclusive to this trim only.^[252] The 40/20/40 front seat option that was available on the LS trim is now exclusive to fleet orders with this generation using the same base trim.^[253]

The Suburban will also feature a Duramax diesel engine as an option (available on all trims and packages except for the Z71^[254]) for the first time, and so far the only brand outside its competitors to have this option; a 3.0L I6 is used which produces 277 horsepower and 460 lb-ft of torque. The 6.2L EcoTec engine that was reserved for the RST trim in the previous generation will now be exclusive to the High Country level trim. The engine choices added up to improved fuel economy numbers, albeit with an increased MPG for city and a decreased MPG for highway.^[255] GM has no plans to offer this model in a 2500 or 3500 series version.

For international regions, Chevrolet started selling the twelfth generation Suburban in Mexico in August 2020, but unlike the United States and Canada, Mexico will only offer the Suburban in the LT, RST, and High Country trims, and won’t offer the LS, Z71, or Premier level trims. They’ll neither offer the Duramax option for that country. The American-built models will use the GM 10-speed automatic transmission with Electronic Precision Shift technology, manufactured at the GM Silao Complex in the state of Guanajuato in central Mexico.^[256]^[257] The Philippines will also begin selling the 2021-present Suburban (with a possibility that it would offer a Duramax engine option in the country should Chevrolet make it available) in Fall 2020,^[258]^[259] followed by the Middle East region.^[260] A right-hand-drive version of Suburban for Australia and right-hand-drive markets to be done by Holden Special Vehicles, which was announced in December 2019, is on hold, citing the low demand, capacity issues at HSV, and highly competitive large luxury SUV and towing market in Australia, although that could change due to GM’s partnership with HSV to bring more American vehicles like the Suburban back down under the newly announced GMSV arrangement.^[261]^[262]^[263]^[264]

Signature Editions

Beginning with the 2018 model year, Chevrolet offered a “Signature Edition” package/trims of the Suburban. Each of the specialty versions were available at the LT and Premier level trims. Both the Z71 and RST became the fourth and fifth level trims starting with the twelfth generation Suburban for the 2021 model year, while the remaining continues as package features.

Z71 and Texas Edition

On September 26, 2014, Chevrolet debuted the updated Z71 Suburban at the State Fair of Texas, along with the debut of the Texas Edition Suburban, the latter due to Texas having the most units of Suburbans sold in the United States (As of August 2014, sales of the Chevrolet SUVs in Texas were up 37 percent) and to celebrate the 60th anniversary of GM's Arlington Assembly plant; production of the Z71 Suburban began in October 2014.

As with the previous Z71 Suburbans, this version continued to be offered in a 4WD LT trim only, featuring a front skid plate, off-road tires mounted on 18-inch wheels, a unique grille, running boards, and "Z71" identification inside and out. Fog lamps, front tow hooks, and front parking assist are also included. The 2016 Z71 package was modified again, as portions of the Z71 items added on the Texas Edition package as an optional feature by request from customers was discontinued, making it a stand-alone package. The Z71 package was upgraded to a level trim starting with the twelfth generation models.

The Texas Edition Suburban, which became part of the Texas Edition lineup along with the Tahoe and Silverado, was available in both LT and LTZ trims for the 2015 model year, featuring a maximum trailering package, twenty-inch polished aluminum wheels (on LT models), twenty-two-inch premium painted aluminum wheels (on LTZ models), and an exclusive "Texas Edition" badge.^[265] For the 2016 model year, Chevrolet discontinued the LTZ package but modified for the LT package without the requested Z71 features. The Twelfth generation Suburban will continue to offer the Texas Edition for the LT and Premier trims only when combined with the Luxury, LT Signature, and Premium packages.

LT Signature Edition

The Suburban LT Signature Edition, introduced in the 2018 model year, was an optional package trim, similar to the luxury package but with less expensive features, available in the LT level trim only. This option was discontinued after the 2019 model year but will be offered for the 2021 model year.

Midnight Edition

A Midnight Edition Suburban, an all-black optional package available in 4WD LT and Z71 versions, was introduced for the 2017 model year. This version became part of the Signature Edition Suburban feature for the 2018 model year up until the 2020 model year.^[266]

Premier Plus

On August 13, 2018, Chevrolet introduced a more upgraded version of the top of the line Premier level trim of the Suburban, packaged as the Premier Plus, featuring a 6.2L engine, the classic gold bowtie emblems, chrome nameplate badging, and new polished 22-inch wheels. The interior is unique to these models, boasting with heated/ventilated Black-and-Mahogany leather front seats, Jet Black trim surround, a head-up display, and an eight-inch cluster. The exterior features standard cross rails, chrome power steps, and chrome exhaust tips. This feature was discontinued in the 2020 model year.^[267]

RST Edition

Chevrolet added a new package to the 2018 model year Suburban with the introduction of the street-themed RST (Rally Sport Truck) Special Edition Suburban. Originally at the time of the announcement, it was supposed to be available as an option for the LT and Premier trims as a Performance Package that included a 420-hp, 6.2L V-8 engine, a Magnetic Ride Control with performance calibration, and an all-new Hydra-Matic 10L80 10-speed automatic transmission. The press release also detailed additional features; The chrome elements are absent as body-color grilles surround the door and handles, along with an added gloss-black grille and mirror caps, black roof rails, window trim, badging and Chevy bowties, an exclusive 22-inch wheels wrapped in Bridgestone P285/45R 22 tires, a Borla performance exhaust system, massive front red Brembo six-piston, fixed aluminum calipers with brake pads clamping on larger-than-stock 410 mm × 32 mm (16.1 in × 1.3 in) Duralife rotors, coupled with an 84 percent increase in brake pad area and a 42 percent increase in rotor area to increase system thermal capacity.^[268]

However, after the press release Chevrolet confirmed that the RST Suburban would only be available as an appearance package, as the 6.2L engine would not be used for the 2018 model year.^[269] But on May 4, 2018, Chevrolet expanded the RST package to the Suburban as an option for the 2019 model year that will now include the 10-speed automatic transmission and 6.2L engine, reversing a decision made by GM that it would be exclusive to GMC and Cadillac's Suburban siblings Yukon XL and Escalade ESV. The packaged trim went on sale in July 2018. The RST package option became a level trim with the twelfth generation Suburban for the 2021 model year.^[270]

2500HD and 3500HD Suburban

A 2500HD Suburban became available in 2015 as a 2016 model. However, this version, identified as a Class 3 vehicle (around 10,000 to 14,000 pound GVWR), is only available for sale to rental companies and commercial fleet entities as a 4WD vehicle and will use the same design as the eleventh generation version, but uses a different engine altogether. The 2500HD Suburban is only offered in LS and LT trims, reserving the LTZ trim for a more luxurious offering (like limousine or taxi-related services). There is no 2WD or upgraded packages. In addition, there are no plans to offer a 3/4-ton GMC Yukon XL as GM is making the design exclusive to Chevrolet for the time being.^[271]^[272]

A one-ton "Suburban 3500HD," which would be a GM-unique SUV, was introduced for the 2016 model year. This is government-exclusive and available in 4WD LS and LT trims only, weighing around 11,000 pound GVWR, 17-inch machined aluminum wheels (8 lug), a high capacity air cleaner, 220 amp alternator, external engine oil cooler, and auxiliary transmission cooler. Although the vehicle has a high GVWR, it is configured to provide a minimal towing capacity and is primarily intended for conversion to an armored vehicle. This version does not include HD radio, nor is there a GMC Yukon XL equivalent, making this version exclusive to Chevrolet as well.^[273]

The 2020 model year would be the last year for these two features, as GM has decided not to carry them over to the twelfth generation models for the time being.

Additional changes

Upgrades

There was no diesel variant of the full-size SUVs for the 2015-2020 model year versions.^[274] GM offered another off-road variant or trim for the Suburban and Yukon XL starting with the eleventh generation.^[275] With the relaunch of the Z71 package in the Suburban for the 2015-2020 models, GM filed papers to trademark the Trail Boss name for use on future Chevrolet truck and SUV models, although they were never used for the Suburban trims.^[276]

Concept versions

On November 4, 2013, Chevrolet unveiled a concept design for the Suburban called the Half-Pipe, whose features include roof racks and crossbars to mount skis, at the SEMA Show. Afterwards, Chevrolet made its parts available for order at Chevrolet Accessories.^[277]

At the 2017 SEMA Show, a 4x4 off-road Suburban concept inspired by Country singer (and Chevrolet spokesman) Luke Bryan based around his 2016 song “Huntin', Fishin' and Lovin' Every Day” was introduced, decked out in custom Hunter Bronze exterior color with Dark Carbon accents and camo graphics, a roof-mounted light rack and a custom lower fascia, a liftgate re-engineered to swing outward rather than upward and incorporates a custom spare tire mount, 22-inch wheels with 35-inch-tall tires, roof-mounted equipment carrier with a fishing rod holder, an interior design consisting of Black and Two-Tone Olive with Argon Orange, unique seating featuring Argon piping and Platinum camo-pattern perforated designs, and the “Huntin’, Fishin’ and Lovin’ Every Day” badges (designated by symbols in lieu of the words) displayed on both the exterior and interior. The rear windows are removed. The concept was inspired by Bryan himself and collaborated with Chevrolet on this project as he is an owner of a Suburban: “Chevy has been part of our family and a part of our work life on the farm for as long as I can remember,” says Bryan. “If you were a Bryan, you drove a Chevy — and I’m a longtime Suburban owner. This partnership is a natural fit for me and this unique Suburban represents everything I and my family want for our outdoor adventures.”^[278]^[279]

Aftermarket options

In 2011, Callaway Cars offered an upgraded Eaton supercharger package to the Suburban for an additional $15,995.^[280]

In 2014, Callaway once again offered a supercharged version of the new 2015 K2XX Suburban.^[281]

In 2015, Corsa Performance added a cat-back exhaust system package for customers looking to upgrade their K2XX Suburban or Yukon XL, which would give the 5.3L versions a 669% flow increase and the 6.2L versions a 342% flow increase.^[282]

In 2018, Freedom Mobility partnered with GM to have their trucks and SUVs equipped with features that will make it accessible to disabled and visible/hearing impaired drivers or passengers. The Suburban is among the selected vehicles that will be available with this option.^[283]

Military applications

LSSV

Maklumat
Pengilang	General Motors, AM General
Tahun model	2001–present
Gaya badan	2-door SUV 4-door SUV 2-door pickup 4-door pickup
Pelantar	GM GMT880 platform
Enjin	6.6 L Duramax V8
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L80-E automatic 5-speed Allison 1000 automatic
Jarak roda	varies by model
Panjang	varies by model
Lebar	varies by model
Tinggi	varies by model
Berat Curb	varies by model

When production of the CUCV II ended in 2000, GM redesigned it to coincide with civilian truck offerings. The CUCV nomenclature was changed to Light Service Support Vehicle in 2001. In 2005, LSSV production switched to AM General, a unit of MacAndrews and Forbes Holdings. The LSSV is a GM-built Chevrolet Silverado 1500, Chevrolet Silverado 2500 HD, Chevrolet Tahoe, or Chevrolet Suburban that is powered by a Duramax 6.6-liter turbo diesel engine. As GM has periodically redesigned its civilian trucks and SUVs from 2001 to the present, LSSVs have also been updated cosmetically.^[284]

The militarization of the standard GM trucks/SUVs to become LSSVs includes exterior changes such as CARC paint (Forest Green, Desert Sand, or 3-color Camouflage), blackout lights, military bumpers, a brush guard, a NATO slave receptacle/NATO trailer receptacle, a pintle hook, tow shackles, and a 24/12 volt electrical system. The dashboard has additional controls and dataplates. The truck also can be equipped with weapon supports in the cab, cargo tie-down hooks, folding troop seats, pioneer tools, winches, and other military accessories.^[284] In the Canadian Army these vehicles are nicknamed "Milverado".

The Enhanced Mobility Package (EMP) option adds an uprated suspension, 4-wheel anti-lock brakes, a locking rear differential, beadlock tires, a tire pressure monitoring system, and other upgrades. About 2,000 LSSV units have been sold to U.S. and international military and law enforcement organizations.^[284]

Variants

Cargo/Troop Carrier Pickup (2-door, Extended Cab, or 4-door Silverado)^[284]
Cargo/Troop Carrier/Command Vehicle (4-door Tahoe)^[284]
Cargo/Troop Carrier/Command Vehicle/Ambulance (4-door Suburban)^[284]

(2021)

GMT1YC

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	GMC Yukon
Pengeluaran	May 18, 2020 – present
Tahun model	2021–present
Pemasangan	United States: Arlington, Texas
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	GMT T1XX
Enjin	5.3 L (325 cu in) L84 EcoTec3 V8 6.2 L L86 EcoTec3 V8 (Yukon Denali; RST Tahoe package) 3.0 L Duramax I6 engine turbodiesel
Penghantaran	10-speed Hydra-Matic 10L80 automatic
Jarak roda	120.9 in (3,071 mm)
Panjang	Tahoe: 210.7 in (5,352 mm) Yukon: 210.0 in (5,334 mm)
Lebar	81.1 in (2,060 mm)
Tinggi	75.7 in (1,923 mm)
Berat Curb	≥5,473 paun (2,483 kg)
Berkait	Cadillac Escalade ESV (2021) Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL (2021)

On December 10, 2019, Chevrolet introduced a fifth generation Tahoe at Little Caesars Arena in Detroit, Michigan. This time around, GM chose to introduce the Chevrolet full size SUVs first, followed by the GMC Yukon in January 2020^[285] and the Cadillac Escalade in February 2020.^[286] Following the industry shutdown due to the coronavirus pandemic, the SUVs started production at the Arlington plant on May 18, 2020,^[287] and arrived in dealerships in June 2020.

Tahoe

Based on the same GMT T1XX platform as the Silverado 1500, the Tahoe distinguishes itself by swapping that truck's live axle and leaf springs for an independent rear multilink suspension setup with coil springs, thus lowering the floor of the vehicle and creates more room in both the cargo area and the second- and third-row seats. The Tahoe expanded its size length to 210.7 inches, and the wheelbase to 120.9 inches while shortened down by 15 inches longer due to the rear wheelbase moving back by 5 inches, making it the largest SUV in the full size length segment. It gains 11 cubic feet of cargo space behind the third row and 10 inches of third-row legroom.

The trims will continue to feature the primary basic LS, LT, and Premier levels, with both Z71 and RST moving from package to premium level, along with the newly added High Country level, the latter being the top of the line, making the Tahoe the only standard full size length SUV to offer the most level trims of any vehicle in this segment.

Quad exhaust tailpipes are added to the vehicle, giving it a more unique look, but this will only be standard on Premier and High Country and available on LT only. The LS, Z71, and RST trims will not have this feature because of their configurations.

Although it retained a boxy look, it added a more curvy design with this change and adopted the same Chevrolet design language featuring the front grille and LED sinister-like lighting that is also used on the Silverado, save for the black-grilled Z71 (without the bumper) and RST. The tailgate is more front and center, with the signature "Tahoe" name stretched across it.

The dashboard and entertainment system have been fleshed out, moving away from the traditional design. Newly updated features include a 10.25-inch touch screen that is now standard on all trims, and a pair of 12.6-inch LCD rear screens that can play movies and offer content from passengers’ smartphones, and can play different programs on the two screens. A new push button shifter column (P, R, N, D) is placed on the dashboard, nine camera displays for enhanced towing capabilities and a total of 30 additional safety features have been implemented throughout the Tahoe. An Air Ride Adaptive Suspension is standard on the higher trims, likewise with an 8-inch driver screen.

It'll also feature a Duramax diesel engine as an option (available on all trims and packages except for the Z71) for the first time, and so far the only brand outside its competitors to have this option; a 3.0L I6 is used which produces 277 horsepower and 460 lb-ft of torque. Pending any changes due to the 2020 global coronavirus pandemic that has slowed down production, the fifth generation Tahoe will go on sale in the second quarter of 2020 as a 2021 model.^[288]

Although GM had been making plans to bring the Tahoe to right-hand drive countries for the first time, those plans were axed for the Australasian region due to a low demand for large SUVs and a local company (expected to be Holden Special Vehicles) that was prepared to do the conversions focusing on other productions.^[289]^[290]^[291]

rear view

Recalls/safety issue

On August 3, 2020, GM sent out a new TSB (Technical Service Bulletin) that addresses a potential issue related to the engine oil cooler lines on the 2021 Tahoe and Yukon. The issue was sent out to dealerships ahead of receiving the vehicles and were instructed to inspect the engine oil cooler lines at the quick connector on the radiator in order to ensure they are properly seated before selling or dealer-trading the vehicle. No parts were needed for replacement but cautioned customers to have it checked as catastrophic engine failure could occur if not repaired.^[292]

= Cadillac Escalade (1997-Present)

Cadillac Escalade
2020 Cadillac Escalade
Maklumat
Pengilang	General Motors
Pengeluaran	1998–present 2002–present (ESV) 2001–2013 (EXT) 2008–2013 (Hybrid) 1997-Present
Tahun model	1999–2000 1997-Present 2002–present
Kelas	Full-size luxury SUV
Reka letak	FR (Front-engine, rear-wheel drive) F4 (Front-engine, four-wheel drive)
Berkait	Chevrolet Suburban Chevrolet Tahoe GMC Yukon GMC Yukon XL

The Cadillac Escalade is a full-size luxury SUV engineered and manufactured by General Motors. It was Cadillac's first major entry into the SUV market. The Escalade was introduced for the 1999 model year in response to competition from the Mercedes-Benz GLS-Class and Lexus LX as well as Ford's 1998 release of the Lincoln Navigator. The Escalade project went into production only ten months after it was approved. The Escalade is built in Arlington, Texas. The word "escalade" refers to a siege warfare tactic of scaling defensive walls or ramparts with the aid of ladders or siege towers.

The Escalade is currently sold in North America and select international markets (Europe and Asia) where Cadillac has official sales channels.^[293] Escalade ESV is sold in North America, Russia, and Middle East but is available by special order only in some international markets. The right-hand-drive Escalade and Escalade ESV are available through the third-party conversion specialists without official agreement with Cadillac in Australian and Oceanic markets.

= First Generation (1997-2000)

First generation (1999 (1997–2000))

GMT 400

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	August 1998 (1997–2000)
Tahun model	1999 1997–2000 (ASEAN Singapore)
Pemasangan	United States: Arlington, Texas (Arlington Assembly) Singapore
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	F4 (Front-engine, four-wheel drive)
Pelantar	GMT435
Enjin	5.7 L L31 V8 (gasoline)
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L60-E automatic
Jarak roda	117.5 in (298 cm)
Panjang	201.2 in (511 cm)
Lebar	77.0 in (196 cm)
Tinggi	74.3 in (189 cm)
Berkait	Chevrolet Suburban Chevrolet Tahoe GMC Yukon
Pereka bentuk	Wayne Cherry (1997)

The introduction of the Lincoln Navigator in the 1998 model year necessitated that General Motors be able to compete in the burgeoning American market for full-size luxury-type trucks. This generation was only a five-seat SUV. Fearing the growing hegemony of the Lincoln Navigator, the Escalade was rushed through the design process to reach dealers quickly. Essentially little more than a badge-engineered GMC Yukon Denali, the SUV's aesthetics were similar to the Denali and the final vehicle was smaller than the Navigator. The Escalade's underpinnings were borrowed from the Yukon Denali line, with the GMC logos on the center caps replaced with Cadillac's crest. The Escalade also used the same 5.7 L Vortec 5700 V8 at 255 hp (190 kW), which was underpowered compared to the Navigator's 300 hp (224 kW) and 365 lb·ft (495 N·m) 5.4 Liter InTech V8. All first-generation Escalades featured Auto-Trac selectable 4x4. The 1999-2000 Escalade achieves 11 mpg_‑US (21 L/100 km) city and 15 mpg_‑US (16 L/100 km) highway based on U.S. EPA test protocols.^[294]^[295]

The first-generation Escalade (as well as its mechanically identical twin, the GMC Yukon Denali), was available in a single configuration (one "base" trim level with one four-wheel-drive (4X4) drive train option), and included a generous amount of standard equipment, with few options available. Standard equipment included sixteen-inch chrome-clad aluminum-alloy wheels, color-keyed front and rear bumpers and side cladding panels, an OnStar in-vehicle telematics and communications system, a top-of-the-line premium GM-Delco A/M-F/M cassette stereo with remote-mounted CD changer, automatic tone control (ATC), clock, and six-speaker Bose premium amplified audio system, luxury leather-trimmed seating surfaces with embossed logos in both front bucket seats, power-adjustable front bucket seats with driver's memory system, full power equipment (windows, door locks, and heated side mirrors), a security alarm, keyless entry, full instrumentation, tri-zone climate controls for the front and rear seats, rear climate control vents, rear audio system and climate controls, a full overhead console with storage, an auto-dimming rearview mirror with compass and temperature gauge, wood interior trim, a leather-and-wood-wrapped steering wheel with cruise controls and embossed logo, automatic front head and fog lamps, roof rails with preparation for an optional roof rack, among other standard equipment. While base MSRP of the 2000 GMC Yukon Denali increased to $43,535 (up $460 from $43,075 in 1999), the Cadillac Escalade retained a base MSRP of $46,225 in both 1999 and 2000. The GMC Yukon Denali included a unique front fascia and front and rear bumpers to differentiate it from its non-luxury cousin, the GMC Suburban. The only other physical differences between the first-generation Cadillac Escalade and GMC Yukon Denali were the emblems on the front grilles, front doors, rear tailgates, steering wheels, and front seat embroidery. General Motors retains the first Cadillac Escalade produced at Arlington Assembly in 1998, a 1999 Aspen White model, in its Heritage Collection, VIN # 400001.^[296]

GMT400 GMC Yukon Denali (left), showing similarities to the Escalade (right).

= Second Generation (2001-2006)

Second generation (2002 (2001–2006))

GMT 800

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Chevrolet Suburban & Cadillac Escalade
Pengeluaran	January 2001–2006 (Escalade) September 2001–2006 (EXT) December 2002–2006 (ESV)
Tahun model	2002–2006 2003–2006 (ESV) 2001-2006
Pemasangan	Mexico: Silao, Guanajuato (Silao Assembly) Russia: Kaliningrad (Avtotor)^[297] United States: Arlington, Texas (Arlington Assembly)
Gaya badan	5-door SUV 4-door sport utility truck
Reka letak	FR (Front-engine, rear-wheel drive) F4 (Front-engine, four-wheel drive)
Pelantar	GMT820 GMT830 (Escalade ESV) GMT806 (Escalade EXT)
Enjin	5.3 L LM7 V8 (gasoline) 6.0 L LQ9 V8 (gasoline)
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L60-E automatic (RWD) 4-speed 4L65-E automatic (AWD)
Jarak roda	116.0 in (295 cm) 130.0 in (330 cm) (ESV/EXT)
Panjang	198.9 in (505 cm) 221.4 in (562 cm) (ESV/EXT)
Lebar	78.9 in (200 cm) 79.5 in (202 cm) (ESV/EXT)
Tinggi	76.5 in (194 cm) 75.7 in (192 cm) (ESV/EXT) 75.0 in (191 cm) (ESV Platinum)
Berat Curb	5,800 lb (2,600 kg) (ESV/EXT)
Berkait	Chevrolet Avalanche Chevrolet Suburban Chevrolet Tahoe GMC Yukon/Yukon XL Hummer H2
Pereka bentuk	Wayne Cherry (1998)

GMT800 Cadillac Escalade (regular length)

Unlike its Chevrolet and GMC siblings, which launched for the 2000 model year, Cadillac delayed the Escalade's switch to the GMT820 chassis until February 2001 as a 2002 model, the last of the three General Motors full-size truck and SUV brands to switch to the new chassis; Cadillac unveiled the 2002 model year Escalade in August 2000 at Pebble Beach, while continuing to sell the 2000 model year trucks. Rear-wheel drive was standard, as was a 5.3 L V8. All-wheel drive was standard on the ESV and EXT, and was optional on the short wheelbase Escalade. The special high-output Vortec 6.0 L V8 engine was the sole engine choice on all-wheel drive models whether it was the short wheel base, ESV, or EXT until mid-year 2005 when the 5.3L was dropped altogether. Mid-year 2005, all rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive Escalades came with the high output 6.0L Vortec V8. All models (except for the EXT) offered seating up to eight people.

The "StabiliTrak" electronic stability control system was upgraded to a four-wheel version, High Intensity Discharge (HID) low beam headlights, power-adjustable pedals and signal outside mirrors were added as a standard feature in 2003, along with a Bulgari-branded clock.^[298] For 2004, XM Satellite Radio, second-row bucket seats, and a tire pressure monitoring system were made standard on all Escalades except the EXT. Also in 2004, the Platinum edition Escalade ESV was introduced at a base price of $71,025; it featured the luxury utility segment's first factory-installed 20-inch chrome wheels, a slightly lowered suspension, heated and cooled seats (front and back), heated and cooled cup holders, moon roof, second and third row monitors, an interior that included an ebony and shale dashboard, shale leather upholstery and pleated door panel bolsters, a chrome grille, and a standard 6.0 liter V8 producing 345 hp (257 kW). The OnStar system was upgraded for the 2005 model year and had become a digital system instead of the analog system that had been in use.

In 2003, a year after their introduction, the GMT800-based Cadillac Escalade and Escalade EXT received an interior facelift, while the exterior design was left mostly unchanged. The audio system was upgraded to offer two different radio options: an A/M-F/M radio with cassette and single-disc CD players, or an A/M-F/M radio with a single-disc CD player and a touchscreen GPS navigation system (Radio Data System (RDS) was also included with both radios). Both radio options included a separate six-disc, in-dash CD changer unit mounted in the lower portion of the instrument panel, and controlled via the radio (the CD changer still featured numbered buttons for disc selection, as well as 'Load' and 'Eject' buttons). The Driver Information Center (DIC) was moved from a separate unit in the instrument panel to the odometer display screen in the instrument cluster, where the gauges were also revised with the larger odometer display screen. XM Satellite Radio became available, and the OnStar telematics system controls were relocated from the instrument panel to the electrochromic inside rearview mirror (ISRV). A rear seat DVD entertainment system, which included two pairs of wireless headphones, and was produced by Panasonic, was also a new option for the 2003 model year. The instrument panel and steering wheel both featured updated designs (the steering wheel now also featured remote audio system, OnStar, and speed (cruise control) buttons on the front of the wheel). The electrochromic inside rearview mirror (ISRV) now integrated the OnStar system controls in addition to the exterior (outside) temperature display and integrated directional compass. The front and second and third-row seat designs were updated, and the Zebrano interior trim was replaced with Burlwood. The Escalade ESV (extended-length model) debuted for the 2003 model year. Finally, the warning chimes now played through the front driver's door speaker, as opposed to a separately-mounted chime module on 2002 models.

Engines

2002–2003 5.3L LM7 Vortec V8, 285 hp (213 kW)
2004–2006 5.3L LM7 Vortec V8, 295 hp (220 kW)
2002–2003 6.0L LQ4 (Not Used In Escalade, 8th Digit in Vin = U) Vortec V8, 310 hp (231 kW)
2004–2006 6.0L LQ9 (8th Digit = N) HO Vortec V8, 345 hp (257 kW)

= Third Generation (2007-2015)

Third generation (2007–2014)

GMT 900

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	January 2006–2014 2006-2013 (EXT)
Tahun model	2007–2014 2007-2013 (EXT)
Pemasangan	Mexico: Silao (Silao Assembly) Russia: Kaliningrad (Avtotor)^[297]^[299] United States: Arlington, Texas (Arlington Assembly)
Gaya badan	5-door SUV 4-door sport utility truck
Reka letak	FR (Front-engine, rear-wheel drive) F4 (Front-engine, four-wheel drive)
Pelantar	GMT926 GMT936 (Escalade ESV) GMT946 (Escalade EXT, 2006-2013 MY)
Enjin	6.0 L LFA V8 (hybrid gasoline / electric) 6.0 L LZ1 V8 (hybrid gasoline / electric) 6.2 L L92 V8 (gasoline) 6.2 L L9H V8 (gasoline / E85) 6.2 L L94 V8 (gasoline / E85)
Penghantaran	6-speed 6L80 automatic CVT 2ML70 automatic
Jarak roda	116.0 in (295 cm) 130.0 in (330 cm) (ESV/EXT)
Panjang	202.5 in (514 cm) 222.9 in (566 cm) (ESV) 222.0 in (564 cm) (EXT)
Lebar	79.0 in (201 cm) 79.1 in (201 cm) (EXT only)
Tinggi	74.7 in (190 cm) (2007–09 2WD) 74.5 in (189 cm) (EXT & 2007–09 ESV) 74.3 in (189 cm) (2007–09 4WD) 2010–11 SWB: 75.9 in (193 cm) 2010–2013 ESV: 73.1 in (186 cm) 2012-2013 SWB: 75.9 in (193 cm) 2012-2013 EXT: 74.5 in (189 cm)
Berkait	Chevrolet Avalanche Chevrolet Suburban Chevrolet Tahoe GMC Yukon/Yukon XL Chevrolet Silverado/GMC Sierra Hummer H2

The Escalade moved to the new GMT900 platform for the 2007 model year, as the GMT900 platforms together (Silverado/Sierra/Avalanche/Escalade EXT, Tahoe/Suburban/Yukon/Yukon XL/Yukon Denali/Escalade) were launched together for that year. The regular Escalade was again joined by a stretched ESV version as well as a new EXT sport utility truck. The 2006 Escalade was the official vehicle of Super Bowl XL, with MVP Hines Ward being awarded one of the first Escalades produced.

Production of the redesigned Escalade began at Arlington Assembly in January 2006. It is priced from US$57,280, though the rear-wheel drive version at this price was not produced until August. The more expensive all-wheel drive version was produced first, followed by the long wheelbase ESV and EXT pickup (the latter sourced from the Silao, Mexico, plant) in June.

The Escalade uses an all-aluminum 6.2 L Vortec V8. This pushrod engine includes variable valve timing, a first in a mass-produced non-overhead cam engine. The system adjusts both intake and exhaust timing between two settings. The engine produces 403 hp (301 kW) (23 hp more than its sister competitor, the GMC Yukon Denali) and 417 lb·ft (565 N·m) of torque. A new six-speed 6L80 automatic transmission is used. The new body completes a 0.363 drag coefficient. In 2010, the Cadillac Escalade's base price was $62,500 for a RWD model, and $65,200 for an AWD model. The northeast accounts for 60 percent of Escalade sales. 2013 model(Cadillac Escalade 2WD 8 cyl, 6.2 L, Automatic 6-spd,) have official government measured fuel economy of 14 mpg_‑US (17 L/100 km), combined 16 mpg_‑US (15 L/100 km) and highway 18 mpg_‑US (13 L/100 km).^[300]

Engines

2006–2014 — 6.2 L Vortec 6200 V8, 403 hp (301 kW)

Hybrid

A Hybrid version of the luxury vehicle debuted at the 2008 South Florida International Auto Show in Miami, and went on sale in 2008 as a 2009 model at a starting price of $74,085^[301] for a two-wheel drive model. In August, 20% of Cadillac Escalade sales were hybrids.^[bila?]

The Escalade Hybrid takes 8.2 seconds to accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/j).^{[perlu rujukan]} The Hybrid is powered by a 6.0-liter V8. It's joined by two 60-kilowatt electric motors supplied by a nickel-metal hydride battery pack under the rear seat. On its own, the V8 is rated at 332 hp (248 kW) at 5,100 rpm and 367 lb·ft (498 N·m) at 4,100 rpm. GM engineers say that combined output with the electric motors is 379 hp. The unique transmission houses the electric motors along with three different planetary gear sets and four traditional clutches.

New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning received an Escalade Hybrid for being the 2008 Super Bowl MVP.^{[perlu rujukan]} The Hybrid models were discontinued after the 2013 model year.

Standard features

Standard features of the Cadillac Escalade includes air conditioning with tri-zone climate controls, Nuance leather trimmed seats, wood and leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio controls, cruise control, heated front seats and heated 2nd-row seats, 14-way power front seats, memory system, remote engine start, premium sound system, 6-disc CD changer, rear radio controls, compass, power lift-gate, and outside-temperature indicator. The Platinum adds on a DVD entertainment system, navigation system, heated and cooled cup holders, rearview camera, cooled front seats, upgraded leather (Tehama front and second-row upholstery), and power-retractable running boards.

Safety

According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety 2007-08 Escalade models had the highest fatality rate of their class with a driver death rate of 33 compared to the class average of 15.^[302]

NHTSA 2014 Escalade:^[303]
Overall:
Frontal Driver:
Frontal Passenger:
Side Driver:
Side Passenger:
Side Pole Driver:
Rollover RWD:	/ 24.6%
Rollover AWD:	/ 22.8%

Updates

2008

On the automatic trunk button, the "off" signal was changed from the Number "0" (Zero) to the word "off".
Seating capacity was increased to 8 passengers.
A newly redesigned remote for keyless entry was introduced to further distinguish it from the Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Denali siblings.
Express-Up added for the front windows.

2009

Bluetooth was made standard.
A power tilt steering wheel was made standard.
Driver and passenger headrests were updated and no longer able to be tilted.
The Satellite Navigation System (optional) now added instant traffic updates and rerouting options.

2010

The GM logo is no longer applied to the vehicle's front doors. However, the GM logo is still applied in the early 2010 models.
AFM was added (Active Fuel Management)
USB Port was added to the center console
Revised front airbag and door
Shifter interlock and a steering wheel lock was added
Front window switches changed in shape

2011

2nd-row headrests made larger and no longer adjustable.

2012

The Escalade Premium had been refreshed and updated to look more like the Escalade Platinum, but the Escalade Premium did have clear see-through taillights.

2013

Silver Coast Metallic and Sapphire Blue Metallic were added as new color trims, along with a revised grade braking performance.
LED Running Lights Were Added To Escalade and Escalade ESV Models

2014

A new color, Midnight Plum Metallic, was added. This is the first time that the Escalade will only be available in both standard and ESV brands, as the EXT and Hybrid models were discontinued, and last year for this generation Escalades.^[304]

= Fourth Generation (2016-2020)

Fourth generation (2015–2020)

GMT K2XL

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	January 2014–December 2019
Tahun model	2015 2016–2020 ASEAN
Pemasangan	Arlington, Texas, U.S. Minsk, Belarus
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	GMT K2XX
Enjin	6.2L EcoTec3 L86 V8
Penghantaran	6-speed GM 6L80 automatic (2015) 8-speed GM 8L90 automatic (2015-2017) 10-Speed Ford-GM 10-speed automatic transmission (2018-2020)
Jarak roda	116.0 in (295 cm) 130.0 in (330 cm) (ESV)
Panjang	202.5 in (514 cm) 224.3 in (570 cm) (ESV)
Lebar	80.5 in (204 cm)
Tinggi	SWB: 74.4 in (189 cm) ESV:74.0 in (188 cm)
Berkait	Chevrolet Suburban Chevrolet Tahoe GMC Yukon/Yukon XL
Pereka bentuk	Bob Boniface (exterior design director)^[305]

On October 7, 2013, Cadillac unveiled the fourth generation Escalade and Escalade ESV at a star-studded event in New York City, just nearly a month after GM unveiled their next-generation SUVs from Chevrolet and GMC. Cadillac began its campaign to promote the Escalade on August 14, 2013,^[306] and started posting teasers online on September 23, 2013, with help from photographer Autumn de Wilde, who helped reveal more images ahead of the unveiling.^[307] A YouTube page called "Escalade Reveal" was set up to showcase the videos along with the countdown to unveiling. On November 25, 2013, Cadillac began spreading the word of mouth about the 2015 Escalade by placing a front facsimile cutout of the vehicle on display at Saks Fifth Avenue's New York City flagship store during its annual Christmas promotional campaign, which shows the SUV being frozen in wraps.^[308]

Production on The Escalade began in January 2014 at GM's Arlington, Texas assembly plant and went on sale in April 2014 as a 2015 model (with the MSRP starting at around $71,000 for Full Size, $74,000 for ESV), and available in only three trims: Base, Luxury, and Premium.^[309]^[310] International sales are scheduled to start in the Summer of 2014.^[311] They are assigned to the GMT K2XX platform as K2XL. “The 2015 Escalade exterior light signature draws inspiration from a variety of sources, beginning with Cadillac’s heritage of vertical exterior lamps and extending into architecture,” said Exterior Lighting Design Manager Martin Davis.^[312]

According to a report on Autoblog.com, GM had reissued a redesign on the GM fullsize SUV lineup, including the Escalade, for a 2014 release due to increased SUV sales, and was working on its fullsize SUV replacements, which would see a possible change in the Escalade's SUV platform.^[313] But in July 2013, a series of spy shots revealed that GM will keep the Escalade a body-on-frame SUV.^[314] However, GM is looking at expanding the Escalade brand to the large CUV segment, which would see a vehicle using the Escalade badge sharing the same platform as the Chevrolet Traverse and GMC Acadia, which is in the planning stages.^[315] According to VP Bob Ferguson, Cadillac's first 3-row Escalade CUV could be introduced in 2016.^[316] There is also a possibility that GM might export the Escalade to Australia as a right-hand drive vehicle as part of Cadillac's global expansion, as GM has begun to import its North American vehicles to its Holden division there after discontinuing the latter's locally produced models in 2017.^[317]

The cargo space was reduced from 109.8 in (279 cm) to 94.2 in (239 cm) on the standard base and from 137.5 in (349 cm) to 120.5 in (306 cm) on the ESV in order to allow an additional 1.7 inches of headroom and 45.3 inches of legroom in the front while reducing the third-row legroom space to 24.8 inches from 25.6 inches. GM's 6.2-liter EcoTec3 V8, good for 420 horsepower and 460 pound-feet of torque, mated to a six-speed automatic transmission (2015i models and beyond are 8-Speed Automatics), is the only engine offered, along with a new coil-over front suspension and five-link rear setup, a wider track, variable-assist electric power steering and Cadillac's Magnetic Ride Control system with Tour and Sport modes. The interior now has a hand-crafted design that features cut-and-sewn and wrapped materials, with wood trim options. The dashboard was also updated, and the Cadillac CUE system is added as a standard feature, along with an updated security system.^[318]

The 2015 Escalade lineup received an 8-speed transmission, surround view camera, and 4G LTE connectivity as part of a mid-year refresh, which also saw the wreaths on the grille disappear from the Escalade as part of Cadillac's plans to update the logo to emphasize the crest on all of its models.^[319]

Updates

2016

For the 2016 model year, Cadillac made upgraded changes to the Escalade and Escalade ESV:^[320]

Four new colors are featured: Gray Silk Metallic, Red Passion Tintcoat, Crystal White Tricoat, Dark Emerald Metallic; both Crystal Red Tintcoat and White Diamond Tricoat were discontinued
Advanced Diagnostics added to the Cadillac Cue System, which also receive upgraded improvements; SD card slot was removed
An upgraded Driver Awareness Package that is available on all trims
IntelliBeam headlamps (all trims)
Lane Keep Assist
Rear seat DVD entertainment system, dual independent, LPO
Third row comfort guides become a service part
A 12.3″ reconfigurable cluster change to the Normal Blue display
Cadillac crest loses the wreath design from the logo mid-year into the 2016 model year. Earlier produced 2016 Escalade vehicles feature the wreath design.
Platinum trim level reintroduced which is fully loaded with all the Escalade's optional features standard on this trim level plus DVD headrests as part of the rear seat entertainment system besides the overhead DVD player unlike on other trim levels

2017

For the 2017 model year, minor upgraded changes were made to the Cadillac Escalade and Escalade ESV:^[321]

The PRNDM is modified to PRNDL
The 4WD control knob is modified with new lighting indicators
Two new colors, Dark Adriatic Blue Metallic and Bronze Dune Metallic, are added, with two (Dark Emerald, Midnight Plum) others deleted.
An updated Cadillac Cue system combining both Collection and Teen Driver features
Addition of the Live-View rear-vision camera to the rear-view-mirror.
The trims base levels were restructured to Standard, Luxury, Premium Luxury, and Platinum.
New Radiant Package added
Rear seat reminder added
Rear Seat Entertainment switched from VGA to HDMI input.
Front grille and headlights have been refreshed.

2018

Changes were made to the 2018 Escalade and Escalade ESV:^[322]

Satin Steel Metallic is added as a new color, replacing both Silver Coast Metallic and Amethyst Metallic
Shale/Jet Black (all trims) and Maple Sugar/Jet Black (Platinum only) are the new combined interior options, replacing Shale/Cocoa and Tuscan Brown
The entire console center is modified, along with the cup holders and a new seat memory system.
A new 10-speed transmission is added, replacing the 8-speed transmission.

2019

Minor changes that were made for the 2019 Escalade/ESV are:^[323]

Manhattan Noir Metallic and Shadow Metallic colors are introduced, replacing the Midnight Sky Metallic and Dark Granite Metallic colors.
Logo Light added to hands free liftgate
New Sport Package added as an available option on Luxury, Premium Luxury, and Platinum trim levels

2020

The 2020 Escalade is the final model year for the fourth generation version, as it will be sold during its shortened period. The only changes made are the deletion of the Manhattan Noir Metallic and Bronze Dune Metallic color palette and the addition of the Dark Mocha Metallic color. The dealer-ordered Escalade Noir package is also eliminated after being offered for only a year. GM had proposed a facelift for the 2020 model which is going to look like Cadillac XT6, but will not happen due to the next generation Escalade that is expected to debut in late 2019 or early 2020 as a 2021 model.^[324]

Hennessey HPE550

In 2014, Hennessey Performance Engineering offered a HPE550 supercharger upgrade to fourth generation Escalade customers, which included a belt-driven supercharger, air-to-water intercooler, recalibrated engine management software and a three-year/36,000 mile powertrain warranty, a 6 psi (0.4 bar) boost that will increase the 6.2L engine's performance to 557 hp (415 kW; 565 PS) and 542 lb·ft (735 N·m) of torque, and 20-inch lightweight H10 forged monoblock wheels, to further improve performance. The upgrades, once they are ordered by customers, have a set price of $15,950.^[325]

International version

In July 2015, GM reached a deal with Unison SP ZAO in Minsk, Belarus to build and assemble the Escalade and Escalade ESV for the Russian and CIS markets. This version will be similar to the Chevrolet Tahoe, featuring the 6.2L V8 EcoTec3 engine and the Tahoe's semi-CKD assembled designs; the ESV also marked the first time an extended-length base model has been offered in this region. It will be available in 4WD models only and carry a MSRP of 4.34 million Rubles (US$76,984) for standard-size and 4.59 million Rubles (US$81,383) for ESV.^[326]

Critical reception

The reviews for the fourth generation Escalade's redesign has been met with positive results from automotive critics. USA Today's James R. Healey and Fred Meier noted that "The once-unthinkable big Cadillac SUV has become indispensable."^[327] CNET's Antuan Goodwin notes that "Fans of the Escalade will appreciate the automaker's sticking with the original message and not "ruining" its former flagship, but if you already think the giant luxury SUV is a relic of the past, there's nothing in the 2015 Escalade that will convince you that it's anything but an old dog that's learned a few cool new tricks."^[328] Carscoops noted that "It may have impressed us more if a) it had shown the Escalade first instead of last, after the Chevrolet and GMC models or b) if the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban and GMC Yukon and Yukon XL simply did not exist…" and added that Cadillac has won their attention with the redesign.^[329] Scott Burgess of Motor Trend summed up the redesign in its headline, saying its "It's bigger, it's bolder and it's more beautiful."^[330] Bill Visnic of Edmunds concluded in his review that "With subtle, new sheet metal refreshingly free of styling gimmicks, Cadillac's looking to the 2015 Escalade's all-new and upgraded interior to help it retain its role as the benchmark of bling SUVs."^[331] The vehicle received a positive review by Autoblog contributor Michael Hartley, who took a road trip with a standard 4WD full-size trim from Los Angeles to Monterey, California. Although Hartley was skeptical at first, he came away impressed: "A 600-mile trip in the Escalade left me convinced that it has the features, build quality and driving dynamics to strike new fear in the segment."^[332] Bloomberg News, in its March 27, 2015 review, cited the Escalade as one of the best American-built SUVs ever made, adding that when comparing it to its foreign competitors, "It's the best we make."^[333]

For 2015, Cadillac is rumored to add a twin-turbo V6 package offering, like CTS and XTS (V-sport), the Escalade may receive the same offering, but will keep the V8 engine as an option, unlike the Lincoln Motor Company's new 2015 Navigator. GM recently hired Infiniti's Johan de Nysschen to serve as Cadillac president and help revitalize the brand. June 2014 shipments showed Cadillac down a few percent for the year, however the Escalade was among the biggest winners with a 74-percent sales jump, and was one of Cadillac's best sellers the following July. As of March 2015, both standard and ESV Escalades have contributed to massive sales with the full size Escalade seeing a 117% increase and the ESV soaring to 114% overall.^[334]

On August 20, 2014, Automotive News and Autoblog began reporting that Cadillac dealers have been waiting three times longer than usual—a month or more—from the time an Escalade leaves the assembly line to when it gets delivered, saying they don't always know where their vehicles are in transit, or when they are set to arrive, upsetting customers who have put down deposits, leading to Cadillac dealerships to reportedly stop taking pre-orders. Even customers who placed orders as far as February 2014 are still waiting for the vehicles according to the dealerships' owners. Cadillac blames the delays on two weeks of "dwell time," citing "a lengthy quality-assurance process on some interior parts" that caused the lag, as well as additional issues with figuring out which vehicles should be delivered first. Despite the setback, Cadillac does plan to correct the issues with adding more employees and speed up production at the Arlington plant.^[335]

On March 16, 2016, Consumer Reports named the 2016 Escalade the worst large sized luxury SUV in its annual rankings, with an overall score of 44. Most of the criticism came from its room space, second-row seating, the CUE media system, stopping, stiff road handling, and its redesign, calling it the worst in class.^[336]^[337]

A fictional ad depicted what the Escalade would look like if it was introduced in 1977 made the social media round in October 2019 that was created by Abimelec Design, which photoshopped Cadillac's DeVille front grille and back light feature onto an eighth generation Chevrolet Suburban.^[338]

Recalls

In May 2014, GM recalled 1,402 units of the 2015 Escalade and Escalade ESV that were built between January 2014 to May 2014 due to "an insufficiently heated plastic weld that attaches the (front) passenger side air bag to the instrument panel assembly could result in a partial deployment of the air bag in the event of a crash." GM also placed a temporary halt on further sales and informed owners of the affected vehicles to not let passengers sit in the front passenger seat until they are replaced.^[339]

= Fifth Generation (2021)

Fifth generation (2021)

GM T1XX

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	May 18, 2020-present
Tahun model	2021–present
Pemasangan	Arlington, Texas, U.S.
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive Tri-motors, all-wheel drive (EV)
Pelantar	GM T1XX
Enjin	6.2 L L86 EcoTec3 V8 3.0 L LM2 Duramax I6 Diesel
Penghantaran	10-speed Hydra-Matic 10L80 automatic
Jarak roda	120.9 in (307 cm) 134.1 in (341 cm) (ESV)
Panjang	211.9 in (538 cm) 227 in (577 cm) (ESV)
Lebar	81 in (206 cm) 81.1 in (206 cm) (ESV)
Tinggi	76.6 in (195 cm) 76.4 in (194 cm) (ESV)
Berat Curb	5,635–5,823 lb (2,556–2,641 kg) 5,785–5,993 lb (2,624–2,718 kg) (ESV)
Berkait	Chevrolet Suburban Chevrolet Tahoe GMC Yukon/Yukon XL

The fifth generation Escalade debuted on February 4, 2020,^[340] in Beverly Hills, California for the 2021 model year, with sales to commence in the fall of 2020.^[341] Although production of the 2021 Escalade was pushed back due to the growing pandemic, GM still has the vehicle scheduled to hit dealerships as planned.^[342] Dealers started taking pre-orders on April 23, 2020.^[343] To hype up the Escalade, Cadillac launched a 3D visualizer showcase the vehicle. This visualizer lets user interact with the Escalade and Escalade ESV by turning on the lights, changing the color, changing the rims, and looking at the interior.

The fifth generation Escalade will be built on the GMT1XX platform,^[344] sharing it with the Chevrolet Tahoe/GMC Yukon and Chevrolet Suburban/GMC Yukon XL, and will have a front grille design similar to the one used on Cadillac's XT crossovers.

In December 2019, Cadillac unveiled a teaser video that featured a 38-inch curved OLED screen dashboard that displayed the Cadillac crest (on the driver's side) and “Escalade” name (across the passenger side), making this version the most unique in the Cadillac roster. On January 28, 2020, Cadillac confirmed that the fifth generation Escalade will feature "Super Cruise" allowing for hands-free self-driving.^[345] This was followed by the confirmation on January 31, 2020 of the addition of the turbodiesel 3.0L LM2 inline six-cylinder Duramax engine as a no-charge option, badged as “600D” in line with the automaker's new naming convention.^[346]

There will be five-level trims available on the fifth generation Escalade: Luxury, Premium Luxury, Sport, Premium Luxury Platinum, and Sport Platinum. The interior choices will consist of eight trim options and four unique seating designs. The AKG audio technology system is new, featuring 36 speakers throughout the cabin.

Escalade ESV

The 2021 Escalade ESV debuted online in April 2020, but its physical unveiling, including one scheduled for the New York International Auto Show was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic.^[347] It will feature a unique fascia along with the passenger doors and wider exhaust pipes.^[348]

Escalade EV

An EV version of the Escalade is forthcoming. It will be built on GM's new electric architecture and use its new Ultium battery technology, sharing its platform with the GMC Hummer EV. This architecture allows for battery packs as large as 200 kWh, making as much as 1000 hp using a three-motor setup driving both the front and rear axles. This version, pending any changes or details, should be available by 2025.^[349]

Cadillac Escalade EXT

Cadillac Escalade EXT
Maklumat
Pengilang	General Motors
Pengeluaran	2002 – 2013
Pemasangan	Silao, Mexico
Pendahulu	GMC Sierra C3
Pengganti	GMC Sierra Denali Chevrolet Silverado High Country
Kelas	Full-size pickup truck
Gaya badan	4-door pickup truck
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / Four-wheel drive
Jarak roda	130.0 in (330 cm)
Berkait	Chevrolet Avalanche Hummer H2 SUT

2002–2007

First generation

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	2002 – 2006
Tahun model	2003-2007
Pelantar	GMT805
Enjin	5.3 L LM7 V8 (gasoline) 6.0 L LQ9 V8 (gasoline)
Penghantaran	4-speed 4L60-E automatic
Panjang	221.6 in (563 cm)
Lebar	79.5 in (202 cm)
Tinggi	75.6 in (192 cm)
Berat Curb	5,800 lb (2,631 kg)

The Escalade EXT sport utility truck (released alongside its twin, the Chevrolet Avalanche) was introduced in 2001 (as a 2002 model) from the Cadillac division of General Motors. It features a "Convert-a-Cab" composite pickup bed that can be expanded into the truck's cab through a bottom-hinged door. Like the Avalanche, the EXT has four full-size doors and seating for five. High-intensity discharge headlights were offered for 2003. The Escalade EXT also appears in the movie, The Matrix Reloaded along with the CTS in product placement ads. All Escalade EXTs were built in Mexico. The Escalade EXT (based on the Cadillac Escalade) was created as a direct competitor to the failed Lincoln Blackwood, a pickup truck based on the Ford F-150. It had competed with the Lincoln Mark LT (now discontinued in the United States and Canada), another F-150-based pickup truck that made its debut in 2005.

2007–2013

Second generation

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	2007 – 2013
Tahun model	2008–2013
Pelantar	GM GMT900 platform (Series GMT940: GMT941)
Enjin	6.2 L L92 V8 (gasoline) 6.2 L L9H V8 (gasoline / E85) 6.2 L L94 V8 (gasoline / E85)
Penghantaran	6-speed 6L80 automatic
Panjang	222.0 in (564 cm)
Lebar	79.1 in (201 cm)
Tinggi	74.5 in (189 cm)
Berat Curb	5,840 paun (2,650 kg)

The EXT models were discontinued after the 2013 model year along with the Avalanche. According to Autoblog.com, The EXT was ranked tenth among the worst selling vehicles in the United States for 2013, with only 1,972 units sold.^[350] The Escalade EXT was available in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the Middle East (except Israel).

= GMC Yukon (1997-Present)

GMC Yukon Denali

The GMC Denali nameplate started as the luxury version of the Yukon for the 1999 model year. The Denali is available on both standard and XL versions and is the top-of-the-line trim in the GMC Yukon lineup.

The Chevrolet Tahoe (and its badge engineered GMC Yukon counterpart) is a full-size SUV from General Motors. Chevrolet and GMC sold two different-sized SUVs under their Blazer/Jimmy model names through the early 1990s. This situation changed when GMC rebadged the full-size Jimmy as the Yukon in 1991. Chevrolet waited until 1994 to rebadge the redesigned mid-size S-10 Blazer as the Blazer, renaming the full-size Blazer as the Tahoe. The name Tahoe refers to the rugged and scenic area surrounding Lake Tahoe in the western United States. The name Yukon refers to the Yukon territory of northern Canada. For the 1995 model year, the Tahoe and Yukon gained a new 4-door model slotting in size between the 2-door models and the longer wheelbase and higher passenger capacity to up to nine passengers like the Chevrolet Suburban and newly named Yukon XL.

The Tahoe is sold in North America, parts of Asia such as the Middle East, plus other countries including Bolivia, Chile, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, and Angola as a left-hand drive vehicle. The Yukon is only sold in North America and the Middle East.

The Chevrolet Tahoe and GMC Yukon currently serve as a part of General Motors' full-size SUV family. Lengthened wheelbase models are available for both as the Suburban for Chevrolet and Yukon XL for GMC. A luxury Denali model joined the Yukon lineup in 1998 for the 1999 model year. As of 2001, a Denali version of the Yukon XL has also been available as the Yukon XL Denali. The Cadillac Escalade is closely related to the Denali models of the Yukon. As of February 2014, the 2014 Tahoe was the top-ranked Affordable Large SUV in U.S. News & World Report's rankings.^[351]

The Tahoe's main competition comes from the Ford Expedition, but it also competes with the Toyota Sequoia and Nissan Armada.

The Tahoe has regularly been the best selling full-size SUV in the United States, frequently outselling its competition by 2 to 1.^[352]

= First Generation (1997-2000)

1997-2000 ASEAN (1999–2000)

In 1998, at the time of its introduction, the Yukon Denali was GM's answer to the Lincoln Navigator, but then GM introduced a clone to the Yukon Denali and rebadged it "Escalade" under the Cadillac nameplate. The Yukon Denali's exterior was shared with the Cadillac Escalade, with the entire front clip and lower side body panels differing from the standard Yukon. In the interior, in addition, the Denali features luxury options not available in the Yukon. These included an upgraded leather interior, power seats, heated seats front and rear, Bose stereo system, and some woodgrain on the dashboard. The 1999 Yukon Denali and Escalade also saw the first application of GM's OnStar communications system in a full-size SUV.

= Second Generation (2001-2006)

2001–2006

Even though the Yukon was redesigned alongside the Chevrolet Suburban and Tahoe in 2000, the Denali and Escalade remained on the GMT400 platform. It was not until 2001 that the Denali and Escalade were redesigned. While the Escalade departed from its Yukon based exterior design scheme in attempt to hide its roots, the Yukon Denali's exterior is almost the same as that of a post-2000 model year GMT800 Yukon. Embossed side body panels and slightly reworked headlights with projector-beam lenses along with 17" polished wheels and a unique grille and front bumper differentiate the Yukon Denali from the regular Yukon. 2001 also saw the introduction of the "punch" grille which now has become the hallmark of the Denali nameplate.

= Third Generation (2007-2015)

2007–2014

The Yukon Denali was redesigned for the 2007 model year alongside the regular mainstream Yukon. The biggest change was in the styling, such as the flattened tailgate reminiscent of the new Tahoe, and particularly the grill and headlight shapes, which made the Yukon look less aggressive than previous models. The only exterior difference between the Yukon Denali and the standard Yukon are the chrome grille and extensive use of chrome accents; and of course the insignias, embeveled rockerpanels, chromed headlights and the Vortec 6200 engine which it shares with the Cadillac Escalade.

= Fourth Generation (2016-2020)

2015 (2016–2020)

The Yukon Denali was redesigned and updated along with other GM SUVs in September 2013 and went to dealerships on February 5, 2014 as a 2015 model. The Yukon Denali continues with the top-of-the-line features (using the similar features found in the Tahoe LTZ trim) and the front grille honeycomb design, equipped with a new active noise-cancellation technology and GM's third-generation magnetic ride control suspension as a standard feature. In November 2014 The Yukon Denali saw its MSRP bumped up by $1,300 in part due to the loaded features added to its 2015 mid-year updates.^[353]

= Fifth Generation (2021-Present)

2021-present

The fifth generation Yukon Denali was introduced in January 2020. The updated and redesigned vehicle will move up in its top of the line level trim due to the introduction of the AT4 that was slotted above the SLT level. It will also have a different dashboard feature that will be exclusive to this trim.

Yukon XL

GMC unveiled its twelfth generation Yukon XL in Vail, Colorado on January 14, 2020, alongside its full-size sibling Yukon. Like the Suburban, the Yukon XL will also feature an independent rear suspension, a 3.0-liter inline-six turbodiesel engine, and a top-shelf suspension option featuring air springs and magnetic-ride shocks, a standard 5.3-liter V-8, an optional 420-hp 6.2-liter V-8, and a 10-speed automatic transmission that is standard across the lineup. It also gains 4.1 inches in the wheelbase but only 0.9 inches in overall length, making it still short of the Suburban's length. The dashboard will have two versions, one similar to the Suburban while a different one with a larger entertainment screen will be exclusive to the Denali. The Yukon XL's design follows GMC's design language, with the front grille mimicking the Sierra but the tailgate mimicking the GMC crossover SUV lineup with the lights extended to the tailgate doors.

The lineup of level trims also expanded as well, with the SLE, SLT, and Denali now joined by the 4WD-exclusive AT4, the latter of which comes standard with the Magnetic Ride Control electronically adaptive dampers, AT4-exclusive leather-appointed seats, and stitching with a unique Jet Black interior color and Brandy accents, a heated steering wheel, heated and ventilated front seats, heated second-row outboard seats, a two-speed transfer case, 20-inch Goodyear all-terrain tires, Traction Select System with off-road mode, hill descent control, and skid plates.^[354] The Denali level will offer three packages for this generation, with Deluxe joining the Premium and Ultimate options, and will be the only trim to offer quad exhaust tailpipes.^[355]

The Yukon XL will also be offered for the first time ever in Mexico (GMC had only offered the Yukon in that country due to GM not wanting to have the Yukon XL cannibalized in terms of sales with the Suburban, which is also that country’s best selling SUV), where it will only be available in the Denali trim.^[356]

Rear view

= Ford Expedition (1997-Present)

Ford Expedition
2020 Expedition
Maklumat
Pengilang	Ford
Pengeluaran	1996–present
Tahun model	1997–present
Kelas	Full-size SUV
Gaya badan	4-door SUV
Berkait	Lincoln Navigator

The Ford Expedition is a full-size SUV manufactured by Ford. Introduced for the 1997 model year as the successor of the Ford Bronco, the Expedition was the first full-size Ford SUV sold with a four-door body. For its entire production life, the Ford Expedition has been derived from the corresponding generation of the Ford F-150 in production, sharing some body and mechanical components. The fourth-generation Ford Expedition began production for the 2018 model year. Similar to the configuration of the Chevrolet Tahoe and Suburban, the Ford Expedition is sold in regular and extended lengths (the Ford Expedition EL/Max); sold since 2007, the latter functionally serves as the replacement for the Ford Excursion.

Since 1997, the Lincoln division has marketed the Ford Expedition as the Lincoln Navigator, the first full-size SUV sold by a luxury auto brand in North America (the Expedition was never sold as a Mercury). The third Ford vehicle to use the Expedition nameplate, the full-size SUV follows a 1992 F-150 Eddie Bauer concept vehicle and a 1995 trim level package on the two-door Ford Explorer Sport.

Prior to 2009, the Ford Expedition was assembled at the Michigan Assembly Plant in Wayne, Michigan (previously home to the Ford Bronco)., After 2009, the Ford Expedition was moved to the Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville, Kentucky.

= First Generation (1997-2003)

First generation (1997–2002)

First generation (UN93)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	July 22, 1996 – March 2002
Tahun model	1997–2002 1997-2000 ASEAN Singapore & Philippines
Pemasangan	Wayne, Michigan, United States
Pelantar	Ford U platform
Enjin	4.6 L Triton 16V V8 5.4 L Triton 16V V8
Penghantaran	4-speed E4OD automatic 4-speed 4R100 automatic 4-speed 4R70W automatic Transfer case (4x4 models) 2-speed BorgWarner 4406 High range ratio: 1.00:1 Low range ratio: 2.64:1
Jarak roda	1996–98: 119.0 in (3,023 mm) 1998–2002: 119.1 in (3,025 mm)
Panjang	204.6 in (5,197 mm)
Lebar	78.6 in (1,996 mm)
Tinggi	1996–98 4WD: 76.4 in (1,941 mm) 1996–98 2WD: 74.9 in (1,902 mm) 1998–2000 4WD: 78.4 in (1,991 mm) 1998–2000 2WD: 76.5 in (1,943 mm) 2000–02 4WD: 76.6 in (1,946 mm) 2000–02 2WD: 74.3 in (1,887 mm)
Berkait	Ford F-150 Lincoln Blackwood Lincoln Navigator
Pereka bentuk	Bob Aikins (1993)

Known internally at Ford as the UN93, the first generation Expedition was developed under the UN93 program from 1993 to 1996, headed by chief engineer Dale Claudepierre at a cost of US$1.3 billion. Initial planning began in 1991 parallel to PN96 F-Series development, prior to the UN93 program fully being approved in 1993. Styling approval was completed in early 1993 (3 1/2 years ahead of 1996 production) under design chief Bob Aikins, with the UN93 design being frozen by September 1993, at 34 months prior to July 1996 production commencement.^[357]^[358]^[359]^[360]^[361]

The all-new full-size SUV was unveiled on May 9, 1996 and launched on October 2, 1996 as a 1997 model.^[362]^[363] It replaced the aging two-door Ford Bronco. The XLT was the base model. The Expedition featured optional three row seating, first row captains chair seating, available second row captains chair seating, leather seating surfaces, illuminated running boards, heated side view mirrors, power moon roof, dual zone climate control and Ford's Mach audio sound system with rear subwoofer. Many of these features were standard on the Eddie Bauer version.

Expedition was available with automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive with two-speed dual range BorgWarner 4406 transfer case and a center multi-disc differential. ControlTrac was introduced in 1995 and included four selectable modes: Two High, Auto, Four High (lock) and Four Low (lock). Two High mode and Auto mode with auto-lock was not available.^[364]

A short- & long-arm (SLA) independent front suspension with speed-sensitive power-assisted steering was combined with a multi-link rear live axle. Optional equipment included off-road under-body skid-plate protection, Traction-Lok rear limited-slip differential, and a heavy-duty trailer towing package.

Optional was an electronically controlled pneumatic air suspension system that would raise and lower the vehicle depending on road and load conditions. The system also included a kneel-down mode for easier ingress and egress, as well as loading cargo,^[365]

Standard was the 4.6 liter Triton V8 with the 5.4 liter version optional. The first generation Expedition was rated as a Low Emission Vehicle (LEV).^[366] The latter engine combined with the heavy-duty trailer towing package and appropriate axle ratio can achieve a towing capacity of 8,100 lbs (3,674 kg).^[367]^[368]

Powertrain

Engine name	Configuration	Model Year	Output		Transmission
Engine name	Configuration	Model Year	Power	Torque	Transmission
Ford Triton 2-valve V8	4.6 L (281 cu in) SOHC 16V V8	1997–1998	215 hp (160 kW)	290 lb·ft (393 N·m)	4-speed 4R70W automatic (1997-2002) 4-speed E4OD automatic (1997-1998) 4-speed 4R100 automatic (1998-2002) Transfer case (4x4): 2-speed BorgWarner 4406; High range 1:1, low range: 2.64:1
Ford Triton 2-valve V8	5.4 L (330 cu in) SOHC 16V V8	1997–1998	230 hp (172 kW)	325 lb·ft (441 N·m)
Ford Triton 2-valve V8	4.6 L (281 cu in) SOHC 16V V8	1999–2002	240 hp (179 kW)	291 lb·ft (395 N·m)
Ford Triton 2-valve V8	5.4 L (330 cu in) SOHC 16V V8	1999–2002	260 hp (194 kW)	350 lb·ft (475 N·m)

Safety and security

A two air bag supplementary restraint system (SRS) with 2-way occupant protection was standard. The air bags would adjust deployment force depending on crash severity. Features included SecuriLock with smart key and engine immobilizer, security approach lamps, four-wheel anti-lock braking system (ABS), side-intrusion door beams, post-crash fuel pump shut-off and three-point safety belts for all rows of seating with tension and locking retractors.

An optional four air bag SRS with 4-way occupant protection was available for the 2000–2002 model years. This included seat-mounted side torso side air bags.

The 2001 model introduced a BeltMinder system to detect when the driver did not have their safety belt secured.

NHTSA NCAP crash scores:^[369]
1997–2000		2001–2002
Frontal Driver:		Frontal Driver:
Frontal Passenger:		Frontal Passenger:
Side Driver:	Not tested	Side Driver:	Not tested
Side Rear Passenger:	Not tested	Side Rear Passenger:	Not tested
Rollover Resistance (RWD):	Not tested	Rollover Resistance (RWD):
Rollover Resistance (4WD):	Not tested	Rollover Resistance (4WD):

Model year changes

1998

No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. A new exterior color was added: Wedgewood Blue. Limited availability for 4.6 Windsor versus Romeo engine. This limited run was available only for Ultimate Tow Package

1999-2000

The 1999 model year received a facelift similar to that of the 1999 model year Ford F-150. Included in the update was a new front grille which now dropped lower in the center, grille work, as well as a new front bumper that incorporated the fog lamps into the lower valance and larger center air intake. Both the 4.6 liter and 5.4 liter V8 engines received updates including more power and torque. The Two High mode for automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive equipped models was dropped leaving only Auto, Four High (lock) and Four Low (lock) modes. The dashboard also received an updated radio and air conditioning controls and revised Gauge Cluster and a Digital Odometer for the first time.

2000

Available features on 2000 models included a hidden radio antenna (integrated into the rear quarter panel window glass), Gentex auto dimming electrochromatic rearview mirrors, lane departure indicators on side view mirrors (before on the glass portion of the mirror). The lower front bumper valance and illuminated running boards were changed over to Arizona beige to complement the standard Arizona beige exterior body trim on Eddie Bauer models. Estate Green Clearcoat Metallic replaces Spruce Green Clearcoat Metallic, and Arizona Beige Metallic replaces Harvest Gold Clearcoat Metallic in the color palette.

2000

New trim packages included the XLT model. XLT versions could be optioned with the XLT No Boundaries package that included monochromatic black paintwork with chrome grille and special alloy wheels. Eddie Bauer versions could be optioned with the Eddie Bauer Premier package that included either monochromatic Arizona beige or solid black paintwork with painted alloy wheels and upgraded leather seating. A reverse sensing system was made optional.

2000

No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. Last year model for the UN93. This was also the last model year for XLT No Boundaries and Eddie Bauer Premier trims.

= Second Generation (2004-2006)

Second generation (2003 (2004–2006))

Second generation (U222)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	March 2002–July 2006
Tahun model	2003 2004–2006 ASEAN Singapore & Philippines
Pemasangan	Wayne, Michigan, United States
Pelantar	Ford U platform
Enjin	4.6 L Triton 16V V8 5.4 L Triton 16V/24V V8
Penghantaran	4-speed 4R70W automatic 4-speed 4R75E automatic Transfer case (4x4 models) 2-speed BorgWarner 4416 High range ratio: 1.00:1 Low range ratio: 2.62:1
Jarak roda	119.0 in (3,023 mm)
Panjang	205.8 in (5,227 mm)
Lebar	78.7 in (1,999 mm)
Tinggi	2005–06 4WD: 76.6 in (1,946 mm) 2005–06 2WD: 76.7 in (1,948 mm) 2002–04: 77.6 in (1,971 mm)
Berkait	Ford F-150 Lincoln Navigator
Pereka bentuk	Tyler Blake (1999)^[370]^[371]

The redesigned second-generation Expedition was developed under the U222 program code name from 1996 to 2002, under Ford chief vehicle engineer Steve von Foerster and chief program engineer John Krafcik from 1998 to 2002.^[357]^[372] Design work began in 1997, with a proposal by Tyler Blake being chosen by management and frozen for production in 1999. UN93-body mules were spotted testing in 2000, with full prototypes running from late 2000. The new Expedition was unveiled at the 2002 North American International Auto Show, in January. It was launched in May 2002 for the 2003 model year^[358] and featured a new four-wheel independent long-travel suspension system, becoming the first full-size sport utility vehicle to use a fully independent suspension.^[373]

The new independent rear suspension (IRS) was perceived as being controversial by some at the time of its introduction.^[374] A misconception was that the Expedition's towing and off-road capabilities would be reduced, in comparison to the previous generation's rear live axle. Nevertheless, underbody obstacle clearance improved by half an inch, and up to two inches under the axle differentials.^[375] The new suspension reduces rear unsprung mass by 110 pounds, and allows for a full 9.4 inches of suspension travel (how much the wheels can travel up or down) improving its ability to traverse uneven terrain for improved control and ride quality.^[376]^[377] The four-wheel independent long-travel suspension itself is a purpose-built version of race suspensions found on off-road desert race vehicles.^[378]

Towing capacity increased by 800 lbs (363 kg) for a high towing capacity of 8,900 lbs (4,037 kg) when properly equipped with the appropriate axle ratio and heavy-duty trailer towing package.^[121] Payload capacity was increased up to 1,614 lbs (732 kg). Expedition also gained a hydroformed fully boxed frame providing a 70 percent improvement in torsional stiffness. Heavy Towing versions received a heavy duty 9.75" Rear Differential and Axle combination compared to the 8.8" of the standard version.

Along with the high towing capability came all-new steering, braking and electronic systems to help the Expedition better control and maneuver long heavy trailers. Adaptive variable assist power rack-and-pinion steering was introduced along with the largest brake rotors in the segment at that time (13.5 inches up front, 13 inches in back) with brake calipers 100 percent stiffer than the previous generation Expedition. The four-speed 4R70W automatic transmission received all-new control software to allow the transmission to automatically adjust to the demands of towing, using new computer logic that recognizes changes in load and road conditions.^[121]

The automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive system remained available, with an uprated two-speed dual range BorgWarner 4416 transfer case. The new transfer case featured an updated intelligent locking center multi-disc differential with front-to-rear "torque biasing" capability in Auto mode. A new dedicated microprocessor with new control software was added allowing the system to detect different terrain and surface conditions to predict traction loss before it happens. Two High mode was also reintroduced. Four-wheel electronic traction control was now available as an option, and simulated front and rear differential locks.^[378]

The V8 engines offered on the previous generation were carried over, but not without major changes and improvements. Both the 4.6 and 5.4-liter Triton V8 engines received further refinements in design and overall efficiency. Expedition qualified as an Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV) and was certified under the Environmental Protection Agency Tier 2 regulations one year earlier than required.^[129] The 4.6-liter engine received an all-new redesigned cast aluminium engine block optimized for weight reduction and NVH improvements. The 5.4-liter engine received an all-new redesigned cast-iron engine block with computer designed ribbing and bracing, along with thicker side skirts and reinforcement at the oil pan flange. The new engine block helped reduce engine vibration and unwanted noise while providing refined performance.^[129]

Both engines featured piston skirts coated with a teflon-based friction-reducing material, and fitted with low-tension, low oil consumption rings. In addition, a new fail-safe cooling mode provided protection even in the case of a catastrophic coolant loss (such as a punctured radiator). In the event of coolant loss, the engine control unit shuts off fuel to alternate cylinders to reduce the risk of engine damage from overheating. The valves continue to operate, in order to pump cooling air through the cylinders. The cooling system was designed to maintain an ideal engine temperature even when subjected to a prolonged 15 percent gradient in 46 °C (115 °F) weather. A returnless fuel supply system helped to reduce evaporative emissions by providing consistent pressure to the fuel injectors through a high-pressure pump.^[129]

New active hydraulic engine mounts were introduced to prevent the powertrain from inducing vibrations into the chassis. By optimizing these engine mounts, the engine block can act as a mass damper, absorbing chassis resonance, improving ride comfort.^[129]

Expedition's passenger cabin was better sealed than before, in an effort to eliminate intrusive outside noise from reaching the occupants. Wind, powertrain, road and vehicle body noise was reduced by improving interior acoustics through new damping materials, a total of 10 shear-style isolating body mounts, heavier sealing of body and panels, redesigned rubber door seals, and extensive use of interior structural acoustic foam in the upper B-pillars, upper and lower D-pillars and floor pan. Road noise was reduced by 2 decibels, body air leakage reduced by 56 percent, chances for sealant noise disturbances reduced from 15 percent to less than 0.5 percent and wind noise measured at 80 mph (130 km/j) was reduced from 35 sones to a world class level of 29 sones.^[129]

The Expedition also received a thorough exterior and interior cosmetic redesign. Expedition featured an all-new front fascia, grille work, headlamps, body trim, rear fascia, tail lamps and liftgate. Interior fit and finish were improved with an all-new interior featuring new dash, door panels, genuine aluminium trim, and plush carpeting. Premium perforated leather seating surfaces were standard on Expedition Eddie Bauer (optional on Expedition XLT). Expedition FX4 models featured all of Expedition's optional off-road equipment as standard equipment. Expedition's drag coefficient was 0.41 Cd.^[379]

Three-row seating was standard with all-new manual fold-flat stow away third row seats. No longer did owners have to remove the third rows seats for more storage. The third row could simply "disappear" into the floor. Power assisted PowerFold fold-flat third row seating was available as an optional extra.^[121] Available features included in-dash CD-ROM based navigation system, DVD based rear entertainment system, ultrasonic rear park assist/back up sensors, power moon roof, power adjustable accelerator and brake pedals (introduced on the first generation Expedition), Gentex auto dimming electrochromatic rear view mirror, lane departure indicators on side-view mirrors, second-row captain's chair luxury seating, premium audiophile sound system with in-dash six-disc CD changer and rear subwoofer^[380] and four-wheel independent pneumatic air-ride suspension system.

Powertrains

Model year	Type/model	Power	Torque	Transmission
2003–2004	4.6 L (281 cu in) 16-valve SOHC Triton V8 gasoline	232 hp (173 kW)	291 lb·ft (395 N·m)	4-speed 4R70W automatic
2003–2004	5.4 L (330 cu in) 16-valve SOHC Triton V8 gasoline/E85	260 hp (194 kW)	350 lb·ft (475 N·m)	4-speed 4R70W automatic
2005–2006	5.4 L (330 cu in) 24-valve SOHC VCT Triton V8 gasoline	300 hp (224 kW)	365 lb·ft (495 N·m)	4-speed 4R75E automatic

Safety and security

Like the generation before, a 2 air bag supplementary restraint system (SRS) with 2-way occupant protection was standard on Expedition. The dual front SRS air bags now included the Personal Safety System (PSS). PSS would tailor air bag deployment for driver and first passenger and included occupant classification, seat position, crash severity, safety belt pretensioner, load-limiting retractor and safety belt buckle usage sensors.

A new optional 4 air bag supplementary restraint system (SRS) with 6-way occupant protection was also available. This new air bag system included SafetyCanopy dual side curtain air bags for head, upper torso and rollover protection. SafetyCanopy would deploy along the A, B and C-pillars down to the vehicle's beltline. SafetyCanopy could remain inflated after deployment for extended protection and replaced the dual front side airbags featured on the first-generation Expedition.

Other features included side-intrusion door beams, security approach lamps, SecuriLock with smart key and engine immobilizer, BeltMinder, three-point safety belts for all rows of seating, post-crash fuel pump shut-off, tire pressure monitoring system (TPMS) and four-wheel, four-sensor, four-channel anti-lock braking system (ABS) with electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) and emergency brake assist (EBA). AdvanceTrac electronic stability control with traction control system was introduced as an optional extra. The electronic traction and stability mitigation system would expand to include roll stability control (RSC) for the 2005 model year.

NHTSA NCAP crash scores:^[381]
MY2003–2005		MY2006
Frontal driver:		Frontal driver:
Frontal passenger:		Frontal passenger:
Side Driver:	Not tested	Side driver:	Not tested
Side rear passenger:	Not tested	Side rear passenger:	Not tested
Rollover Resistance (RWD):	Not tested	Rollover Resistance (RWD):
Rollover Resistance (4WD):	Not tested	Rollover Resistance (4WD):

Model year changes

2003

Before the 2003 model year ended, Ford updated the running boards on Expeditions equipped with the Eddie Bauer trim. Earlier in the model year, Eddie Bauer models had received standard black running boards. Toward the end of the model year, Arizona beige running boards were reintroduced to complement the Arizona beige body work which came standard on Eddie Bauer. Body colored running boards had previously been offered on the first-generation Expedition from 2000 to 2002.

2004

No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. The Expedition Eddie Bauer Premier model is reintroduced after being absent from the 2003 model trim line-up. Monochromatic paint work with blacked-out headlamps and special alloy wheels were standard on Eddie Bauer Premier versions. A new Expedition XLT Sport model is added with Dark Shadow grey exterior body trim. The FX4 trim level was renamed NBX.^[382]

2005

Expedition received new roof rails which replaced the traditional sliding cross-bar roof racks. A new high end Limited trim level replaced the Eddie Bauer Premier model (though the regular Eddie Bauer was still available) and featured chrome accented roof rails, chrome-clad aluminium wheels, PowerFold power assisted stowable side view mirrors and chrome tipped exhaust. An upper high end King Ranch trim level with Castano leather seating was also introduced. The base 4.6 liter Triton V8 engine was dropped for the 2005 model year as the 5.4-liter Triton V8 was made standard on all Expeditions and updated with 24-valve technology and variable valve timing. Along with the 2005 model V8 engine update, the Expedition also received a significantly updated version of the four-speed 4R70W automatic transmission.

The new four-speed automatic transmission, now called 4R75E, featured fully electronic Smart Shift technology. A turbine speed sensor improved transmission control and provided the basis for the fully electronic shift scheduling. The transmission's microprocessor speeds were improved for better responsiveness and precision of the control system. The transmission was continuously learning, and would calculate the torque in the next gear and schedule shift points based on the Expedition's projected performance in the next gear.^[383] For 2005 model Expeditions the 4R75E transmission is designated by the letter "B" on the manufacturers safety compliance certification label, located in the driver's-side doorjamb. For 2006 model Expeditions, the 4R75E transmission is designated by the letter "Q".

2006

No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. Last year model for the U222. The Gentex auto dimming rear view mirrors were updated. Two new exterior colors were added later on within the model year. They were Pewter metallic and Dark Copper metallic. Medium Flint grey interior was also added to Limited models later on within the model year. Chrome tipped exhaust was made standard on King Ranch models. 2006 would be the last year model for the NBX trim. The ultrasonic rear park assist and SafetyCanopy side curtain airbags were offered as standalone options. Adjustable headrests were also added to the front seats to replace the one piece units.^[384]

Russian Москва-Чукотка (Moscow-Chukotka) overland expedition

On April 12, 2006, three second-generation full-size Ford Expedition Eddie Bauer vehicles completed a 32-day overland expedition. This was a 28,000-batu (45,000 km) trip across North Asia and the Arctic Tundra. Six team members consisted of leaders, Alexey Mikhailov and Alexander Borodin, technical director, Andrey Rodionov, and professional off-road drivers,: Sergey Goryachev, Victor Parshikov, and Alexey Simakin. The route took them on permafrost and crossed the Arctic Circle twice. Visited landmarks included where American aviator Carl Ben Eielson was lost, and the birthplace of Russian explorer Semyon Dezhnev. The northernmost point on the route was latitude 69°42′ North (Pevek). The easternmost point visited was longitude 169°40′ West (Cape Dezhnev). Temperatures reached -36 °C (-32 °F) and the team encountered whiteouts and a polar cyclone. An estimated 200 kg (440 lbs) of snow was removed from each of the vehicles on the following day.^[385]

The vehicles were modified with front end guards along with front and rear utility bumpers, winches, safari roof racks, high-powered off-road lights and extra underbody plating for the engines. Two of the vehicles towed a dual axle utility trailer. Two were equipped also with caterpillar track systems supplied by Mattracks. The rubber track systems were only used when off-road conditions became too demanding for conventional tires. The rear stabilizer bar failed on both vehicles fitted with the Mattracks system. The vehicles were also equipped with gas stoves (to prepare food) and high-capacity auxiliary fuel tanks (mounted in the rear cargo bay) and sometimes run on poor-quality gasoline.^[385]^[386]

= Third Generation (2007-2016)

Third generation (2007–2016 (2017)

Third generation (U324)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Ford Expedition Special Service Vehicle
Pengeluaran	August 2, 2006–July 2, 2017
Tahun model	2017 2007–2016 ASEAN
Pemasangan	Wayne, Michigan, United States (2007-2009) Louisville, Kentucky, United States (2009-2017)
Pelantar	Ford T1 platform
Enjin	5.4 L Triton 24V V8 (2006–2014) 3.5 L EcoBoost V6 (2014–2017)
Penghantaran	6-speed 6R75 automatic 6-speed 6R80 automatic 6-speed 6R80 SelectShift automatic Transfer case (4x4 models) 2-speed BorgWarner 4417 High range ratio: 1.00:1 Low range ratio: 2.64:1
Jarak roda	119.0 in (3,023 mm)
Panjang	206.5 in (5,245 mm)
Lebar	78.8 in (2,002 mm)
Tinggi	SWB: 77.2 in (1,961 mm) Eddie Bauer: 78.3 in (1,989 mm)
Berat Curb	5,801 lb (2,631 kg) (standard) 6,071 lb (2,754 kg) (EL)^[387]
Berkait	Ford F-150 Lincoln Mark LT Lincoln Navigator

In 2007 Ford introduced the third generation of the Expedition developed under the U324 program code name which was an updated version of the second generation Expedition. Most of the improvements were mechanical in nature, and included a sheet metal refresh and redesigned interior with upgraded materials, as well as a new long wheelbase version, called Expedition EL in the U.S. and Expedition Max in other markets.

The high-strength hydroformed fully boxed Ford T platform (chassis) was a modified version of the half-ton Ford P2 platform from the Ford F-150. The new T1 platform replaced the old U platform, and provides 10 percent more torsional rigidity than the U platform. T1 incorporates a four-wheel independent long-travel suspension system (first introduced on the second generation) with redesigned suspension geometry and an all-new five-link rear suspension with new rear lower control-arms. As with previous model years, the suspension system could be had with adaptive pneumatic air-ride springs.

Ford's new 6-speed 6R75 intelligent automatic transmission with dual overdrive gears was introduced. The transmission featured push-button overdrive lock-out, electronic shift scheduling, adaptive shift algorithms and a mechatronic transmission control module (TCM) that would save adaptive shift data in keep alive memory (KAM). This safeguarded against complete data loss in case of a power failure (such as disconnecting the battery). In the event of a power failure, the mechatronic unit would simply read the last saved data entry from the system's memory, thus, the transmission did not have to completely relearn] the owner's driving style.

Additionally, the Expedition is powered by the same 5.4 liter Triton V8 engine, rated at 300 hp (220 kW) and 365 lbf·ft (495 N·m) of torque from the previous generation. When properly equipped with the heavy-duty trailer towing package the SUV can tow up to 9,200 lbs (4,130 kg). Expedition is classed under the Tier 2, Bin 5 / ULEV 2 Ultra Low Emission Vehicle environmental classification.^[388]

Off-road geometry figures for approach, departure and ramp breakover angles are 22°, 21° and 18° respectively.^[389] Minimum running (lowest point) ground clearance is 8.7 inci (220 mm). Underbody (overall) ground clearance is 9.1 inches (230 mm).^[390]

Selectable automatic full-time Control Trac four-wheel drive continues to be offered, and uses a two-speed dual range BorgWarner 4417 transfer case with intelligent locking center multi-disc differential and "torque biasing" capability. Four-wheel electronic traction control is standard and off-road underbody skid plate armor is optional. A new default off-road program with throttle response recalibration was added, and is automatically activated when Four Low (lock) mode is selected. Expedition can achieve an off-road crawl ratio of 41.06:1 with a low range ratio of 2.64:1 and rear axle ratio of 3.73:1.

The SUV also underwent a nip/tuck with a few cosmetic enhancements, both inside and out. Expedition's front end now featured Ford's signature three "hollow-bar" grille to complement the SUV's truck close relation to the F-150 and Super Duty pickups. New complex stepped style multifaceted headlamps, side view mirrors with updated LED lane departure indicators, sleeker body work and redesigned tail lamps were also added. The interior received a new dash, which would eventually appear on the 2008 Super Duty, new center console, and redesigned first row captains chairs, door panels and interior trim.

To further reduce outside noise intrusion for quieter, more isolated ride comfort, new SoundScreen laminated acoustic and solar tinted windshield^[391] was added with thicker laminated side window glass.

The new SUV was unveiled at the Houston Auto Show rather than at the North American International Auto Show, the Greater Los Angeles Auto Show, or the New York International Auto Show where most new models are, as 20 percent of all Expedition sales are in Texas. The third generation Expedition went on sale in August 2006. The first 2007 Expedition to roll off a Ford assembly line was donated by Ford to the Peter family of Jamaica, Queens, New York as part of an episode of the American Broadcasting Company series Extreme Makeover: Home Edition that aired May 7, 2006.

In late 2014, the third generation standard wheelbase U324 Expedition and long-wheelbase U354 Expedition EL/Max underwent a cosmetic and mechanical refresh for the 2015 model year.

Powertrains

Model Year	Type/model	Power	Torque	Transmission
2007–2008	5.4 L (330 cu in) 24-valve SOHC VCT Triton V8 gasoline	300 hp (224 kW)	365 lb·ft (495 N·m)	6-speed 6R75 automatic
2009–2014	5.4 L (330 cu in) 24-valve SOHC VCT Triton V8 gasoline/E85 ethanol	310 hp (231 kW)	365 lb·ft (495 N·m)	6-speed 6R80 intelligent automatic
2015–2017	3.5 L (213 cu in) 24-valve DOHC Ti-VCT EcoBoost V6 gasoline	365 hp (272 kW)	420 lb·ft (569 N·m)	6-speed 6R80 SelectShift intelligent automatic

Model year changes

2008

For the 2008 model year, power deployable/retractable running boards became available, along with a rear view backup camera system. The camera, which is mounted under the Expedition's center liftgate appliqué, utilizes the Gentex auto dimming rear view mirror's picture-in-mirror technology to display what it sees. Expedition King Ranch was also reintroduced after being absent from the 2007 model year trim line-up. Expedition XLT models now get body colored lower body work, replacing the previous black plastic trim and was the Last Ford Model Year for the nine-passenger Front Bench seating option in the Ford Full-Size SUVs from Ford Motor Company (Ford discontinued the 9-passenger Front Bench Seating Option for 2009 and Forward on the old Ford Full-Size SUVs 2009–present)

2009

In July 2008, Ford's Wayne, Michigan plant started production of the 2009 models until finishing the plants run in December of that same year.^[392] In January 2009 production of the Expedition was relocated to the Kentucky Truck Assembly in Louisville along with its sister SUV, the Lincoln Navigator, and the Ford F-Series Super Duty. That plant used to build the Ford Excursion until 2005.^[393]

Expedition's 6-speed 6R75 automatic was replaced by an improved version, the 6-speed 6R80 automatic. 6R80 features more robust internals, new software logic and a tow/haul mode (replaces the overdrive lock-out) that utilizes new uphill/downhill gradient shift logic for improved performance while towing or hauling heavy loads. The 6-speed automatic can compensate for altitude, grade/slope and present load conditions. The system also reduces the transmission's tendency to "hunt" for the right gear(s) and provides engine braking when descending hills. The nine-passenger front bench seating option has been discontinued for the 2009 model year, leaving only the eight-passenger seating option left with two front bucket seats and two rear bench seats. and the chrome "Expedition" name plate badges have been removed from the left and right front doors. The chrome "Expedition" nameplate badge on the rear liftgate remains.

Additional features included the now standard FlexFuel capability, which can take gasoline, E85 (85% ethanol/15% gasoline), or any combination of the two, and the newly installed EasyFuel capless fuel-filler system. The 5.4 liter V8/FlexFuel feature also upgraded its power to 310 hp (231 kW), while the torque rating stayed the same at 365 lb·ft (495 N·m). The 2009 model year also boosted its maximum towing capacity to 9,200 lb (4,200 kg) for the 4x2 version, and up to 9,000 lb (4,100 kg) for the 4x4 version.

The new entertainment features added to the 2009 model year included the optional Ford SYNC, and an all-new DVD-based voice-activated, multi-entertainment/navigational system with liquid crystal touch display. The rearview camera system is now integrated to show the video feed through the navigation screen instead for the rearview mirror, however, the rearview mirror is still used to show images on Expeditions not equipped with the navigation system. The new navigation system features up to 10 gigabytes of storage space for more than 2400 songs, a jukebox function, a screened photo display, iPod/Zune capability for downloading and recharging, ripping CDs, and integrated compatibility for cellphones and Bluetooth; the newly compatible Sirius Travel Link, which allow drivers to access traffic, weather, sports, and local movie listings; and a "Route Guidance" mode for road and street information. The steering wheel also has a tilt feature and radio controls, including Ford SYNC buttons, allowing the driver to press the button and use voice commands to activate the system, which became standard on Eddie Bauer, Limited, and King Ranch. The tilt w/radio control feature was optional on the XLT during its Wayne plant built orders, but after production moved to Louisville it became standard. For accessory purposes, a HD radio can be installed upon request at a Ford dealership in the United States. New for 2009 were standard heated second row outboard seats on the Limited and King Ranch models only with either the second row bench seat or the optional bucket seats.

2010

No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. For the 2010 model year optional packages have now been renamed (to Rapid Specificated Order Codes) and upgraded (100s for XLT, 200s for Eddie Bauer, 300s for Limited, 400s for King Ranch) for the newer models. It has also announced that the 2010 models will now feature Ford's MyKey and trailer sway control as a standard on all trims.^[394] The 2010 models were ranked 6th among the top 11 affordable large size SUVs in "US News & World Report.^[395] A diesel version for the 2010 model year did not get past the planning stage.^[396] Rain-sensing windshield wipers were added as an optional extra for Eddie Bauer, but standard on the Limited and King Ranch versions.

2011

No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. HD Radio became a standard on all trims, and a dual DVD system that placed at the headrest area became an optional feature. Another change that was made was in the entry-level trim department, with the Expedition offering the newly designated standard XL entry level with lower black cladding, while the XLT level trim was upgraded along with a new XLT Premium trim with gold cladding, replacing the Eddie Bauer level trim. Also, silver cladding was added as an exterior trim as part of a newly optional XLT Premium Sport Appearance Package. Both Limited and King Ranch trims receive new paint and interior trim. The limited trim also has a chrome grille for a change.^[397]

2012

No major cosmetic or mechanical changes. The second row heated seats option was added to XLT Premium and the front park assists became a standard feature on the Limited and King Ranch trims.^[398]

2013

No major cosmetic changes; however the XL trim and XLT Sport options were dropped, leaving only the XLT, XLT Premium, Limited, and King Ranch trims. Updates made to the 2013 models (which went on sale in August 2012) included the TowCommand trailer brake controller system that is bundled with the heavy-duty trailer towing package, a new internal shift control module which allows the six-speed automatic transmission to tailor shifts to engine demand, 10 equipment levels, three new colors (Blue Jeans Metallic, Kodiak Brown Metallic and Ruby Red Metallic Tinted Clearcoat), and a new 20-inch chrome-clad aluminum wheels that was available on both the Limited and King Ranch trims. The latter trim also featured chrome roof racks and side mirrors. Another notable change can be found on the driver's instrumental panel, with the temperature and fuel gauge trading sides.^[399]

2014

No major cosmetic changes. Only three trims, XLT, Limited and King Ranch are offered. The Sirius XM with Navlink and HD radio is added to the XLT as an optional feature. A new, quieter, mechanical Nivomat adaptive hydraulic load-leveling suspension system is available, in place of the adaptive pneumatic air-ride load-leveling suspension. When properly equipped the Expedition continues to offer top-end towing capability with a braked trailer towing capacity of 9,200 lbs (4,173 kg or 4.6 tons).

2015

On February 18, 2014, Ford introduced a mid-cycle refresh of the Expedition (U324) and Expedition EL (U354), dubbed the U3242 and U3542 respectively, for the 2015 model year.^[400] The "2" signifying the second phase of the U324 and U354. The debut was at the Dallas-Fort Worth Auto Show on February 19, 2014; because Texas (especially Dallas and Houston) is an important market. Despite a 27% drop in sales since 2008, Ford is committed to continuing producing the Expeditions.^[401] Ford started production on the updated Expedition (and Expedition EL, which will continue to compete with the Suburban and Yukon XL) around the first quarter of 2014 and placed the 2015 models in dealerships in July 2014. Ford announced that the three level trims, XLT, Limited, and King Ranch, will continue to be offered along with a new top of the line Platinum trim.^[402] On September 12, 2013, (which was the same day that GM unveiled their next generation SUVs), Automobile Magazine posted a spy shot of the 2015 Expedition, which showed a repositioned tailpipe, and a more upright front fascia which bore a taller, wider grille that appeared inspired by the F-150 and Ford F-Series Super Duty trucks.^[403]

Official photos released on February 18, 2014 revealed an all-new aggressive armadillo-like three-bar grille, which features step-stacked bars that evoke the appearance of stepped armor-plating on an armadillo's back. All-new thinner headlamps were added, in addition to an all-new front bumper with oversized lower air intake. The new bumper also features a lower chrome bar and twin LED fog lamps that flank the chrome bar. Brightwork was added on the rear liftgate; and the tailpipe was repositioned straight, instead of making a 90 degree turn behind the right rear wheel.^[404]

Expedition remained a body-on-frame (BOF), allowing the SUV to retain its heavy-duty truck underpinnings for towing and hauling needs.^[405]^[406] The full-size SUV received the 3.5 liter 24-valve DOHC Ti-VCT EcoBoost V6 engine which features an aluminium engine block, twin-turbochargers, direct injection, and twin independent variable camshaft timing. Power output for the EcoBoost V6 will be rated around 365 horsepower and 420 lb-ft of torque, and will be the only engine featured, dropping the 5.4 liter V8 that was available in the 2007–2014 models due to Ford wanting to make the Expedition more fuel efficient. Despite the changeover from V8 to V6, the Expedition did boost its MPG to 16 (city)/23 (highway) for the 2WD and 15 (city)/21 (highway) for the 4WD, but it is now on par with the GM large-size SUVs, which also boasts the same MPGs as the Expedition.^[407] In addition to the new engine, Expedition received an updated 6-speed 6R80 SelectShift intelligent manumatic gearbox with manual shift mode. Expedition also features a new electric power servo-assisted steering and Pull-Drift Compensation (PDC) which detects crosswinds and compensates for it.

The interior remained similar to the outgoing models, but with upgraded materials and a revised prominent center stack, now derived from the 2009-2014 F-150 rather than the 2008-2010 Super Duty. Also new is the latest version of the 8-inch MyFord Touch touchscreen infotainment and telematics system. Push-to-start engine ignition with intelligent access was added and the four-wheel drive mode selector (for models with 4x4) was revised and repositioned. The TowCommand paddle controls were repositioned over the four-wheel drive mode selector, to make way for revised audio and climate controls on the center stack.^[400]

The new features for 2015 included an optional, revised four-wheel independent suspension system with intelligent continuously-controlled damping (CCD) system that alters suspension settings constantly based on 46 parameters and offers comfort, normal, and sport modes. Expedition is the first Ford vehicle in North America to have continuously-controlled damping. Other new optional features includes blind-spot information system (BLIS) with cross-traffic alert, and a rearview camera and apps for the infotainment system to help with towing and off-road driving, all of which is standard in the Platinum trim, whose seating and interior features include Brunello leather, a red wine color with tuxedo-stripe accents and French seamed stitching, or black leather with Agate Gray accents.^[408]

The selectable automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive system continues to be offered, but gains a trio of new off-road electronic systems in the form of Hill Ascent Assist (HAA), Hill Descent Control (HDC), and Ford Truck Apps (FTA). FTA gives off-road orientation/geometry, 4x4 system status, and traction control system status in real-time. The four-wheel electronic traction control system (brake differential locking control) was recalibrated to take into account the new EcoBoost V6's higher torque output and earlier torque delivery.

EcoBoost Performance

The heavyweight 6,155 lb (3+ ton) as tested, 2015 Expedition Platinum with 3.5 EcoBoost V6 and selectable automatic full-time ControlTrac four-wheel drive was clocked from 0 to 60 mph in 6.4 seconds. The full-size SUV can clip 100 mph in 18.2 seconds, 110 mph in 24.3 seconds, and is electronically safety-limited to 113 mph. Expedition has a near perfect 50:50 front:rear balanced weight distribution and center of gravity positioned at 28.5 inches.^[409]

Expedition Platinum averaged 39.2 mph in a 610 ft slalom run and pulled 0.78g in roadholding skidpad testing. High speed emergency braking from 70 mph to 0 (full stop) was completed in 170 ft. In comparison, the Expedition's main rival took a full 10 feet longer, completing the same emergency brake test in 180 ft.^[409]

2016

For the 2016 model year, most of the features that were introduced from 2015 were carried over. However, the Expedition began adding Ford's upgraded enhanced SYNC3 to its trims, as an optional feature on the XLT and standard on Limited, King Ranch and Platinum. The Limited added Sony's Premium Audio System as a standard.

2017

In June 2016, Ford began selling the 2017 model year Expedition, with no major changes being made and continued to be offered in XLT, Limited, King Ranch, and Platinum level trims. This is the final year of the third generation Expedition and Expedition EL (U324) and (U354)

= Fourth Generation (2017-Present)

Fourth generation ((2018) 2017–present)

Fourth generation (U553)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	September 25, 2017^[410]-present
Tahun model	2018-present
Pemasangan	Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. (Kentucky Truck Plant)
Pelantar	Ford T3 platform
Enjin	3.5 L EcoBoost V6
Penghantaran	10-speed 10R80 SelectShift automatic Transfer case (4x4 models) 2-speed BorgWarner 4417 High range ratio: 1.00:1 Low range ratio: 2.64:1
Jarak roda	122.5 in (3,112 mm)
Panjang	210 in (5,334 mm)
Lebar	79.9 in (2,029 mm)
Tinggi	SWB: 76.5 in (1,943 mm)
Berat Curb	≥ 5,368 paun (2,435 kg)
Berkait	Ford F-150 Lincoln Navigator

The fourth-generation Expedition, known internally at Ford Motor Company as the "U553", was unveiled on February 7, 2017 at the Dallas Cowboys training facility, Ford Center in Frisco, Texas, ahead of its Chicago Auto Show debut.^[411] Production of the new Expedition started on September 25, 2017. The vehicles arrived at dealerships in November 2017.^[412]^[413]

The all-new Expedition was developed in secret under the U553 program codename and features body-on-frame (BOF) architecture with high-strength lightweight material construction consisting of boron steel and aluminum.^[414] The four-door body is constructed from aluminium-alloy, while the frame is constructed from boron steel. The U553 will move to the all-new half-ton hydroformed T3 platform (chassis), which is a modified version of the half-ton platform underpinning the P552 2015 Ford F-150. The T3 platform will use a new four-wheel independent suspension system design. Updated powertrain systems (engines and transmissions) including a Hybrid variant with proprietary parallel hybrid electric-drive system to help increase fuel efficiency are expected.^[405] Expedition will gain Ford's new 10-speed 10R80 SelectShift automatic transmission which will feature artificially intelligent shifting, electronic range select, manual shift mode, and be controlled via a rotary dial on the center console.^[415] The next-generation Expedition's chief engineer is Jackie Marshall DiMarco, who is also the chief engineer for the next-generation F-150 pickup.^[416]

Spy photographers captured early, engineering test mules of the U553 in late 2015, which sported a crude highly modified non-production intent F-150 SuperCrew body atop the production intent T3 platform chassis. In late 2016, spy photographers managed to capture photos of the actual first pre-production prototypes of the U553, wearing the production intent body on the production intent platform. The styling and appearance of the U553 Expedition is inspired by the U502 Explorer along with elements of the P552 F-150, the vehicle on which the new Expedition is based, and will have a more aerodynamic and streamlined silhouette, with raked windshield and sloped roofline which will lead to a rear liftgate spoiler. The U553 Expedition's C-pillar will be more forward slanted, echoing the forward slanted C-pillar of the U502 Explorer introduced for 2011. In addition the Expedition's body will feature sculpted sides with character lines, similar to the U502 Explorer, as opposed to the straight slab sides of the current Expedition. Expedition's front grill and headlamp design is inspired by the facelifted P552 F-150, with the front bumper retaining a similar design and appearance to its predecessor, the U324 Expedition, after its facelift.^[417] It also expanded the standard size version's wheelbase by 3 inches and its length by 4 inches while decreasing the height by one inch (losing 300 pounds in the process) in order to allow more leg room and space.^[418]

Expedition (U553) will be one of the first vehicles in North America to use a new next-generation high speed Controller Area Network 3 (CAN-3) vehicle data bus system. The CAN-3 electrical architecture is akin to a human nervous system and allows the Expedition's various on-board microprocessors and electronic vehicle control systems to communicate or "talk" to one another through electronic data that is sent and received. With high speed CAN-3, Expedition can learn and react faster than before.^[419]^[420]

The Expedition will be available with selectable automatic full-time four-wheel drive that routes torque through a two-speed dual range transfer case with electronic locking center multi-disc differential. A new electronic locking rear differential will be available to augment the 4x4 system. Both the center and rear locking systems will be teamed with four-wheel electronic traction control (ETC), which simulates a locking front differential by ABS "brake locking" the front differential. Expedition's off-road electronic aids Hill Descent Control (HDC) and Hill Ascent Assist (HAA) will be joined by the Terrain Management System adapted from the Ford Raptor. Terrain Management is capable of working with 4L mode, like the Ford Raptor, and has 7 (seven) drive modes to choose from which include Normal, Eco, Sport, Tow/Haul, Gravel/Snow, Mud/Ruts, and Sand. The four-wheel drive system has 3 (three) direct drive modes which include 2H, 4A, and 4L. The 4H mode has now been dropped from the selection, as the Terrain Management computer now controls the electronic center lock of the four-wheel drive system. Terrain Management will engage the electronic center lock for a 50:50 front:rear torque split while in 4A direct drive mode, when the Mud/Ruts or Sand modes are selected. The 4L direct drive mode engages the electronic center lock regardless of the off-road drive mode selected. A "tap to lock/unlock" button is located near the drive mode dial for operation of the electronic rear lock.^[421]

Off-road geometry figures for approach, departure, and ramp breakover, improve slightly with 23.3°, 21.9°, and 21.4° of obstacle clearance. Minimum running (lowest point) ground clearance increases by a full inch, from 8.7 to 9.8 inches.^[422]

Expedition (U553) is certified by the Society of Automotive Engineers' independent SAE J2807 towing standard to tow a maximum 9,300 lbs (4,218 kg or 4.65 tons) of braked trailer. The tow rating increases by 100 lbs over the previous generation and continues to be the highest tow rating among full-size SUVs.^[423] Expedition will also feature Pro Trailer Backup Assist, a semi-autonomous system that allows the Expedition to reverse itself with a trailer coupled. The driver directs the system via a control dial, while the Expedition handles all steering and limits reversing speed.^[424]^[423]

Among the new features that have been incorporated into the fourth generation Expedition includes a 360-degree camera and park assist system that can make parking much easier, along with optional safety features that will use both camera and radar technology, and include automatic braking, lane-keep assist, active cruise control, and blind-spot monitors.^[425] In addition, there are two USB ports per row, four 12-volt outlets and a 120-volt household outlet. Ford has also partnered up with Sling that enables the twin-screen rear entertainment system, as well as personal tablets on the vehicle's Wi-Fi, to watch cable TV content. The Wi-Fi content can be used up to 10 devices and features Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capabilities that is compatible to Ford SYNC3 and Ford Pass. There is also at least 40 different spaces and cup holders to allow items to be stored. A dual vista panoramic sunroof is available as an optional feature.^[426]

The fourth generation Expedition will only be available in four level trims as the King Ranch trim (from 2005–2017) was discontinued after the 2017 model year. The three primary trims, XLT, Limited, and the top-of-the-line Platinum, will be available to regular customers, while the fourth trim, XL, will only be exclusive to rental companies, corporate fleets, and government agencies, as they will not have a lot of the features as the aforementioned three trims.^[427] The Expedition will still retain its unique (standard) eight passenger seating on all trims like before, with optional seven passenger seating.^[421] The MSRP has been listed by Ford for the fourth generation Expedition will be higher than the previous generation, starting at around $52,000 (US) for XLT and $63,000 (US) for Limited level trims.^[428]

Safety & Security

All 2018 Expedition models carry a power four-wheel disk antilock brake system (ABS) with brake assist and Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD), six standard airbags including a Safety Canopy System that provides side-curtain airbags with roll-fold technology and a rollover sensor, rear-door child-safety locks, a LATCH system (Lower Anchors and Tether Anchors for Children), an Individual Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), and a SOS Post-Crash Alert System https://www.ford.com/suvs/expedition/models/expedition-xlt/.

The Expedition has an available Driver Assistance Package that equips the vehicle with smart driver-assist technology, including pre-collision assist with pedestrian detection and forward collision warning, lane-keeping assist, adaptive cruise control, auto high-beam headlamps, and rain-sensing wipers.

An array of standard security features includes a SecuriLock Passive Anti-Theft System, a perimeter alarm, a personal safety system, SecuriCode Keyless Entry Keypad, MyKey, and available inclination and intrusion sensors.

Expedition SSV

The 2018 Expedition SSV is a fleet-only version of the Expedition XLT, and offers similar standard equipment.

Expedition XLT

Starting off the 2018 Expedition lineup is the XLT trim, which is available in either 4X2 or 4X4 configurations, as well as in the MAX style. Standard features include cloth upholstery, keyless access with push-button start, eighteen-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, a 60/40 second-row bench seat with CenterSlide seat, Hill Start Assist and Hill Descent Control (4X4 models only), MyFord w/ SYNC radio with 4.3-inch LCD display screen, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, and a nine-speaker audio system, 3.5L EcoBoost Twin-Turbocharged V6 gasoline engine with 375-400 horsepower and 470-480 lb. ft. of torque, remote start, a power-folding third-row bench seat, and more.

A key difference from 2017 is that a surround-sound premium audio system and rear seat entertainment system are no longer available as an option for XLT models, and that push-button start, and a power-folding third-row seat are now standard equipment (this feature was optional on the 2017 XLT).

A trailer towing package, leather-trimmed seating surfaces, heated front and rear seats, SYNC 3 infotainment system with optional GPS navigation, a power panoramic moonroof, heated and ventilated front bucket seats, the FX4 Off-Road Package (4X4 models only), twenty-inch aluminum-alloy wheels, and other comfort and convenience features are optional.^[429]

Expedition Limited

The 2018 Expedition Limited is built with either a 4X2 or 4X4 build, each with a bigger MAX build. The Limited key features include in-vehicle wi-fi with available SYNC Connect, a hands-free foot-activated lift gate, and standard 20-inch ultra bright machined aluminum wheels with dark tarnish painted pockets. A 3.5 EcoBoost engine functions with a 10-speed SelectShift automatic transmission. The Limited also has a 23.3-gallon fuel tank. A heavy duty engine radiator and two-speed automatic four-wheel-drive with neutral towing capability are optional.

The Limited has the equivalent power and handling features of the XLT, though it comes with standard all-season tires. The standard power and handling features include a two-wheel rear-wheel drivetrain, multilink independent rear suspension, Electronic Power Assist (EPAS) rack and pinion steering, AdvanceTrac with stability control, which is designed to provide stability and traction by reducing the chance of spinning the drive wheel, trailer sway control, traction control, and a non-limited-slip 3.15 rear axle on the 4x2 model. A 4X4 Limited build and 4X2 MAX build has a standard 3.31 drive ratio, while a 4X4 MAX build has a 3.73 drive ratio.

A Terrain Management System and hill start assist and hill descent control is available for 4x4 models.

Optional features on the Limited include a Control Trac four-wheel-drive system, a non-limited-slip 3.31 rear axle or electronic limited-slip differential 3.72 rear axle, continuously controlled damping (CCD) suspension, and an integrated brake controller with the Heavy Duty Trailer Tow package.

Unlike the XLT model, the Limited has standard Dual Zone Electronic Automatic Temperature Control (DEATC), and rear auxiliary climate controls.

Standard entertainment features include a Harman 12-speaker B&O Play Audio System, a SYNC 3 Enhanced Voice Recognition Communications and Entertainment System, SYNC Connect and FordPass, SiriusXM Radio, and HD Radio.

The cabin has perforated, leather-trimmed, heated and ventilated bucket front seats, heated second-row outboard seats, second-row power folding tip and slide seats, power folding and reclining third-row seats, and third-row power-folding headrests. Second-row power folding tip and slide bucket seats are optional.

The Limited has six smart-charging multimedia USB ports, with two in each row, and a wireless charging hub on the center console. The cabin also features 15 cupholders, analog RPM and speed gauges with digital minor gauges, and an 8-inch center display.

Other standard interior features include a cargo management system and protector, power-adjustable brake and accelerator pedals, an auto-dimming rearview mirror, four 12-volt power points and a 110-volt / 150-watt AC power outlet, a rotary gear shift dial, woodgrain appliqués, and a heated, leather-wrapped power tilt/telescoping steering wheel with audio controls. The cabin has an illuminated entry system and ambient lighting, with map lights mounted over the front overhead console, dome lights on the second and third rows, and a rear cargo area light. Push-button start systems with intelligent access, a remote start system, and a Blind Spot Information System (BLIS) with cross-traffic alert and trailer tow monitoring are also standard.

Optional interior features include an advanced cargo manager, an enhanced active park assist system, a lane-keeping system, pre-collision assist with pedestrian detection, Pro Trailer Backup Assist, and adaptive cruise control.

Power-deployable running boards are standard on Expedition Limited, and Limited MAX. Each has a unique color with magnetic-painted polished stainless steel accents. Among the other exterior standard features are intermittent front and rear wipers, a windshield wiper de-icer, a rear window defroster and washer, halogen fog lamps, quad-beam reflector headlamps, a halogen projector-beam, incandescent tail-lamps, a hands-free foot-activated liftgate and manual liftglass, a Center High-Mounted Stop Lamp (CHMSL), configurable daytime running lamps, roof-rack side rails, a chrome grille with Magnetic painted accents, and a Class IV trailer hitch receiver. A capless fuel filler is also standard.

Rain sensing front wipers, roof rail crossbars, LED daytime running lamps and headlamps, magnetic grille and mirror caps, and front tow hooks are optional.

The 2018 Expedition Limited has power adjustable heated mirrors with memory capability, security approach lamps, integrated blind spot mirrors, a solar-tinted windshield and front door windows, and second and third-row privacy glass, and lower bodyside cladding and wheel lip moldings. A panoramic vista roof is optional.

The 2018 Expedition Limited has the standard safety features of all Expedition Trims with an additional optional 360-degree split-view camera. The standard features include a four-wheel anti-lock brake system, a rearview camera with backup assist, dual-stage front airbags, three-point safety belts, side-impact airbags, a safety canopy system that includes the third row, rear-door child-safety locks, LATCH (Lower Anchors and Tether Anchors for Children), Individual Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), and an SOS Post-Crash Alert System.

Security systems include SecuriLock passive anti-theft system, a remote keyless entry system, a perimeter alarm, a personal safety system, SecuriCode keyless entry keypad, MyKey, and inclination and intrusion sensors.^[430]

Expedition Platinum

The flagship Ford Expedition Platinum will be more upscale and move further upmarket, with high-end interior fit-and-finish and luxury interior and exterior appointments. Interiors will feature handcrafted real wood trim, real metal accents, soft-touch materials, 12-speaker Bang & Olufsen luxury sound system, dual panel panoramic glass roof with power shade, soft premium diamond-quilted perforated leather climate-controlled and massaging seats with French seam stitchwork, soft leather wrapped dash, steering wheel, and door panels with single and double stitched ornamental stitchwork. The Platinum's exterior will receive standard full LED headlamps vertically stacked in headlamp nacelles, LED turn signal lamps, LED daytime running lamps, LED fog lamps and diffused LED tail lamps with LED brake lamps. In addition, the exterior will feature "platinum" satin-finished lower front and rear bumper skid plates, roof rails, side mirror crowns, and liftgate accents, along with polished stainless steel power deployable-and-retractable running boards, polished alloy wheels, chrome brightwork, and platinum satin-finished mesh grillwork. Expedition Platinums will also feature a specific performance tuned version of the 3.5 liter EcoBoost V6 with 400 horsepower and 480 lb-ft of torque (using 93-Octane fuel) mated to the 10-speed 10R80 SelectShift automatic transmission.^[431]

Both the Expedition and long-wheelbase Expedition MAX will be available with the Platinum treatment, and will be the most expensive level trim, with a MSRP of $73,900 (US) for standard and $76,000 (US) for the MAX version, with the 4WD option topping off on the latter at $79,000 (US).^[432]^[433]

Expedition King Ranch

The King Ranch trim returned for the 2020 model year, slotted between the Limited and Platinum trim. As with the previous versions, the King Ranch logo will be prominent on all three rows of seats, the floor mats, and the scuff plates, Stone Gray trim on bumpers, power running boards, roof rails, standard Del Rio leather on all seats, door trim, armrests, steering wheel, and center console, and roll on machined aluminum wheels with darker painted pockets. ^[434]

Expedition FX4

An off-road FX4 package became available starting with the 2018 model year, with an announced MSRP at around $63,000 (US). This option, available to 4WD XLT level trims only and targeted towards the 20% of Expedition owners who use the vehicle for off-road purposes, is expected to compete with the Chevrolet Suburban and Tahoe Z71 package in both standard and MAX versions. Among the detailed features are patented electronic locking limited-slip rear differential, Off-road-tuned shocks, All-terrain tires, Seven different skid plates that serve as underbody armor and protect critical areas, Unique 18-inch Magnetic Metallic-painted cast-aluminum wheels, Chrome running boards, FX4 badging on the liftgate and front fender, and New rubber floor liners. According to Mike Kipley, the engineering manager for the Expedition, "The FX4 Off-Road package delivers off-road driving confidence,” adding that “The technology we’re using works to adapt to different driving conditions so customers can enjoy the adventure without worry.”^[435]

Model year changes

2019

There were no major changes, as it carried some of the 2018 features over to the 2019 model year. Two new colors, silver spruce and black agate, was added to the list of palettes.^[436]^[437]

2020

The King Ranch level trim was bought back for the 2020 model year, placing it above the Platinum trim. The desert gold color feature was introduced with this 2020 model year, but is being discontinued due to lack of interest from customers.^[438]^[439]

Engine(s)

The 2018 Expedition's die-cast aluminum 3.5L EcoBoost V6 engine operates with a twin-independent Variable Camshaft Timing (Ti-VCT) valvetrain, and a 10-speed automatic SelectShift transmission. The engine makes 375 horsepower and 470 lb.-ft. of torque at 5,000 rpm in XLT and Limited trims, and 400 horsepower and 480 lb.-ft. of torque at 5,000 rpm in the Platinum trim. It's backed up by a gasoline direct injection fuel delivery system with a single, stainless steel exhaust. The drive ratio is 3.15 on a standard 4x2; 3.31 on standard 4x4 and 4x2 MAX; and 3.73 on a 4x4 MAX. The engine's compression ratio is 10:5:1.

Model Year	Type/model	Power	Torque
2018–present	3.5 Liter (213 cu in) 24-valve DOHC Ti-VCT EcoBoost V6 gasoline with Start-Stop	375 hp (280 kW) @ 5000 rpm	470 lb·ft (637 N·m) @ 3500 rpm
2018–present	3.5 Liter (213 cu in) 24-valve DOHC Ti-VCT EcoBoost Platinum Series V6 gasoline with Start-Stop^[431]	400 hp (298 kW) @ 5000 rpm	480 lb·ft (651 N·m) @ 3250 rpm

Transmission(s)

Model Year	Type/model
2018–present	10-speed 10R80 SelectShift automatic

Expedition Max (2018–present)

Expedition MAX

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	September 25, 2017–present
Tahun model	2018–present
Pemasangan	Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. (Kentucky Truck Plant) (2017–present)
Pelantar	Ford T3 platform
Enjin	3.5 L EcoBoost V6 (2018–present)
Penghantaran	10-speed 10R80 SelectShift automatic Transfer case (4x4 models) 2-speed BorgWarner 4417 High range ratio: 1.00:1 Low range ratio: 2.64:1
Jarak roda	131.6 in (3,343 mm)
Panjang	221.9 in (5,636 mm)
Lebar	79.9 in (2,029 mm)
Tinggi	76.3 in (1,938 mm)
Berkait	Ford F-150 Lincoln Navigator L

For its second generation, the Expedition EL became known as the Expedition Max (now stylized with all capitals as MAX) along with the rest of the world. It debuted in November 2017 for the 2018 model year. Like the standard size Expedition, this was also unveiled ahead of the Chicago Auto Show and carried the same features and the three featured trims, XLT, Limited, and Platinum. It also expanded its length size by one inch to allow more space and legroom in the third seat row. Although the rear passenger doors were widened, the aft wheel well trim still doesn't cut into them.

This version became more competitive with the Suburban/Yukon XL in the long wheelbase SUV segment, an area where GM dominates; when photos for the fourth generation Expedition were released, a majority of the pictures and videos indicated where Ford wants to target the Max. Like the (standard length) Expedition, the (extended length) Expedition Max also retained its (standard) eight passenger seating on all trims like before. The Max also saw a starting MSRP range of $55,000 (US) for the XLT and $66,800 (US) for the Limited level trims, making this more expensive than the Suburban but on par with the Yukon XL in terms of pricing.^[440]^[441]

= Lincoln Navigator (1997-Present)

Templat:Use mdy dates

Lincoln Navigator
2019 Lincoln Navigator
Maklumat
Pengilang	Lincoln
Pengeluaran	1997–present
Tahun model	1998–present
Pemasangan	Wayne, Michigan, U.S. (Michigan Assembly Plant) (1997–2009) Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. (Kentucky Truck Plant) (2009–present)^[442]
Kelas	Full-size luxury SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive

The Lincoln Navigator is a full-size luxury SUV marketed and sold by the Lincoln brand of Ford Motor Company since the 1998 model year. Sold primarily in North America, the Navigator is the Lincoln counterpart of the Ford Expedition. While not the longest vehicle ever sold by the brand, it is the heaviest production Lincoln ever built. It is also the Lincoln with the greatest cargo capacity and the first non-limousine Lincoln to offer seating for more than six people.

Lincoln Navigator production was sourced from 1997 to 2009 at the Michigan Assembly Plant in Wayne, Michigan. Since 2007, production has also been sourced from the Kentucky Truck Plant in Louisville, Kentucky.

Background

At the end of the 1980s, in the United States, sport-utility vehicles gradually began to transition from dedicated off-road vehicles towards dedicated family vehicles, similar to station wagons.^[443] In 1991, the Jeep Grand Wagoneer (SJ) ended its almost unchanged 28-year production run.^[444] The vehicle had gained a famous reputation for its high content, featuring the same content as a luxury sedan.^[445] A smaller, unibody Grand Cherokee (ZJ) was induced during 1992 that offered new luxury equipment and class-exclusive features.^[446] General Motors introduced the Oldsmobile Bravada in 1990 and Ford later introduced the Mercury Mountaineer in 1996, convincing several other manufacturers to introduce mid-size luxury SUVs. As full-size SUVs such as the Chevrolet Suburban and Ford Expedition are highly profitable vehicles, the Lincoln Navigator was positioned by Ford as a full-sized, luxury SUV.

= First Generation (1997-2003)

First generation (1998–2002 (1997-2003 ASEAN))

First generation (UN173)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	May 1997 – March 2002
Tahun model	1998–2002 1997-2003 ASEAN
Pemasangan	Wayne, Michigan, U.S. (Michigan Assembly Plant)
Pelantar	Ford U platform
Enjin	5.4 L Triton SOHC V8 5.4 L InTech DOHC V8
Penghantaran	4-speed 4R100 automatic
Jarak roda	119.0 in (3,020 mm)
Panjang	204.8 in (5,200 mm)
Lebar	1998–99: 79.8 in (2,027 mm) 2000–02: 79.9 in (2,030 mm)
Tinggi	2000–02 2WD: 75.2 in (1,910 mm) 1998–99 2WD: 72.7 in (1,847 mm) 2000–02 4WD: 76.7 in (1,948 mm) 1998–99 4WD: 76.7 in (1,948 mm)
Berkait	Ford Expedition Ford F-150 Lincoln Blackwood
Pereka bentuk	Fritz Mayhew (1994)

The Lincoln Navigator was launched on July 1, 1997 for the 1998 model year, with the first vehicle rolling off the assembly line on May 14, 1997.^[447]^[448] Based directly on the Ford Expedition, introduced the year before, the Navigator gave the Lincoln-Mercury division its first full-size SUV (slotted above the Ford Explorer-based Mercury Mountaineer).

In its first calendar year of sales (1998), Navigator contributed to an unprecedented event of recent decades – with Lincoln overtaking perennial rival Cadillac in annual sales volume. Initially, published figures indicated that Cadillac had outsold Lincoln by a scant 222 vehicles sold, thanks to an enormous surge in Cadillac Escalade sales in December 1998, from hundreds in previous months to almost 5,000. A subsequent audit resulted in a retraction/apology in May 1999, attributing the "error" to "overzealous" "low-level" employees.^[449]

Chassis

The Lincoln Navigator was also developed under the Ford program code name UN173, with the Expedition developed under the UN93 program code name.^[450] A full-size body-on-frame vehicle, the Navigator was mechanically related to the Ford Expedition; both vehicles were related to the 1997 Ford F-Series. The Navigator featured independent front suspension (short-long arm/SLA); the rear suspension was of a live rear axle design. Using an optional feature from its Ford counterpart, the Navigator was designed with load-leveling air suspension; tuned primarily for ride comfort, the air suspension lowered itself when the vehicle was parked.

Although technically available with rear-wheel drive, the primary drivetrain on the Lincoln Navigator was ControlTrac, a computer-controlled automatic four-wheel drive system. As with the Expedition, the Navigator was fitted with four-wheel anti-lock disc brakes.

Using the same 230 hp 5.4L Triton V8 as the Expedition/F-150 paired with the 4-speed 4R100 automatic transmission, the 1998 Lincoln Navigator came with a towing capacity of 7,700 lb (3,493 kg).^[451] During 1999, Lincoln would fit two different engines in the Navigator in an effort to better match full-size SUVs from General Motors. At the beginning of the model year, the Triton V8 was upgraded to 260 hp; as a running change during the model year, Lincoln would replace the SOHC Triton with a 300 hp DOHC 5.4L V8, named InTech (borrowing a name from the Mark VIII). Due to the increase in power, towing capacity would increase to over 8,500 lb (3,900 kg).

Body

Although the Lincoln Navigator shares the same bodyshell as the Ford Expedition, giving it a similar exterior appearance, Lincoln stylists would make many design changes to differentiate the two vehicles. Forward of the windshield, the Lincoln Navigator shares no body panels with its Ford counterpart, with its own front fascia (a grille design shared with the 1998 Lincoln Town Car and the 2000 Lincoln LS), wheels, roof rack, lower body trim, and taillights. The interior of the two vehicles shared more commonality, with the dashboard common to both vehicles (with greater use of wood trim); the Navigator was given its own seat design. To make for a quieter interior over the Expedition and Ford F-Series, the Navigator made greater use of sound deadening materials and higher-quality carpeting.

The Lincoln Navigator included standard features available or optional on the Expedition, including power driver and passenger bucket seats, 2nd-row bucket seats (with a 2nd-row bench seat as a delete option), floor consoles, and keyless entry. The few options available included a power moonroof, a universal garage door opener, 7 seven to 8 eight passenger seating an electrochromic rearview mirror (filtering out headlight glare from vehicles seen in the mirror), and a premium audio system (a seven speaker, 290-Watt audio system with a 6-disc front console-mounted CD-changer, and rear seat audio controls), and 17-inch alloy wheels.^[452]

Some of the unique features on the first-generation Navigator were power-adjustable pedals (a first-of-its-kind feature on a luxury SUV), a feature on the factory radio that only illuminated the controls necessary for the selected function, full controls for the audio system, climate controls, and cruise controls on the front of the steering wheel, and rear seat radio and climate controls.

During its production run, Lincoln made few changes to the first-generation Navigator. In 1999, alongside the addition of the InTech V8, power-adjustable brake and accelerator pedals were added; the previously optional 17-inch wheels became standard.

For 2000, the fender-mounted radio antenna was integrated into the right-rear window, while the interior received Nudo leather seating surfaces.^[453] The options list expanded to include a satellite navigation system, heated and cooled front seats, a reverse-sensing system, and side-impact airbags.

For 2001, several minor cosmetic changes were made. On the grille and tailgate, the Lincoln emblem was given a black background (replacing the previous red); on the tailgate, the Lincoln and Navigator badging switched sides. A VHS-based video entertainment system became an option.

= Second Generation (2004-2006)

Second generation (2003 (2004–2006))

Second generation (U228)

Maklumat
Pengeluaran	April 2002 – 2006
Tahun model	2003–2006 2004-2006 ASEAN Singapore
Pemasangan	Wayne, Michigan, U.S. (Michigan Assembly Plant)
Pelantar	Ford U platform
Enjin	5.4 L InTech DOHC V8 5.4 L Triton SOHC V8
Penghantaran	4-speed 4R75 automatic 6-speed ZF 6HP26 automatic
Jarak roda	118.8 in (3,020 mm)
Panjang	2003–04: 206.0 in (5,230 mm) 2005–06: 207.5 in (5,270 mm)
Lebar	2003–04: 78.7 in (1,999 mm) 2005–06: 80.2 in (2,040 mm)
Tinggi	77.8 in (1,980 mm)
Berkait	Ford Expedition Ford F-150

Launched in May 2002 for 2003,^[454] a number of changes and improvements were made to the Navigator thanks to a thorough redesign. The Navigator continued to share a platform with the Ford Expedition, which was also redesigned for 2003, but continued to differ from it in terms of styling and various upscale features. The redesign featured a thoroughly revised exterior, the first since the Navigator's launch, with only the front doors and roof panel unchanged from the previous generation. The new exterior came with things such as a larger chrome waterfall grille, brighter quad-beam headlights with larger housings, revised chrome door handles set in color-keyed bezels, and slightly wider running boards. Inside the Navigator was an all-new instrument panel and dashboard area which, significantly, was not shared with the Expedition. Inspired by the symmetrical, "dual-cockpit" layout of the 1961 Lincoln Continental, the instrument panel and dashboard area was adorned with real walnut burl wood inserts and panels and switches painted with a low-luster satin nickel color. Adding to the upscale interior design further were white LEDs, 120 in all, which provided backlighting for controls and switches. Additionally, to direct attention to the high-quality satin nickel-faced analog clock mounted in the dashboard, an articulating door is present to conceal the radio head unit and optional satellite navigation system when they are not in use.^[455]

Highlighting the Navigator's design changes were other new features and options for 2003. Newly available features like Ford's Safety Canopy side curtain airbags and a tire pressure monitoring system improved occupant safety. Convenience was enhanced by the availability of power running boards (an industry first), power-folding third row seats, a power liftgate, and HID headlights (for top end models). The available rear-seat video entertainment system was updated to be DVD-based and all Navigators now came with standard 18x7.5-inch alloy wheels with 18x8-inch chrome wheels available as an option.

Like the redesigned 2003 Expedition (U222), the Navigator benefited from a reworked chassis, new rack-and-pinion steering, and an all-new independent rear suspension (IRS), which brought better handling and ride comfort. The Navigator continued to benefit from a load-leveling air suspension but it now lowered the vehicle by an inch when stopped in the interest of easing entry and exit. The Navigator's powertrain was modified from the UN173, but the 5.4 L DOHC V8 used before was no longer advertised under the InTech name. But it now produced 300 hp (224 kW) at 5500 rpm and 355 lb·ft (481 N·m) of torque at 3750 rpm. Due to changes brought with the redesign, the Navigator's base curb weight increased to 5,760 lb (2,613 kg) in two-wheel drive models and nearly 6,000 lb (2,700 kg) in four-wheel drive models. In turn, towing capacity dropped slightly.^[456]

Tire-pressure monitoring was made standard for 2004 while Ford's AdvanceTrac, a type of traction control system, with Roll Stability Control was an option. In 2004, for 2005 the Navigator received a minor facelift with new square-shaped foglights replacing the circular ones used previously. AdvanceTrac with RSC was now standard while HID headlights were available on all models. In the interest of cost effectiveness, the 5.4 L DOHC V8 introduced in the 1999 model year was replaced by the same 5.4 L 3-valve SOHC V8 that had been available in the F-150 since the 2004 model year. Though having a different head design, the new engine offered similar overall output, producing 300 hp (224 kW) at 5000 rpm and 365 lb·ft (495 N·m) of torque at 3750 rpm. The new engine was not marketed under the Triton name in the Navigator even though it is mechanically identical to the F-150's engine. The 4R75W 4-speed automatic transmission used from 2003 until 2004 was replaced with a new ZF-sourced 6-speed automatic transmission. The 2005 Navigator's base curb weight fell to 5,555 lb (2,520 kg) while four-wheel drive models dropped to 5,842 lb (2,650 kg). Towing capacity increased slightly over the previous model year to 8,600 lb (3,901 kg) in two-wheel drive models and 8,300 lb (3,765 kg) in four-wheel drive models.^[457] For 2006, an Elite package for the Ultimate trim level was made available, including a DVD-based satellite navigation system with a voice-activated touch screen, THX audio system, rear-seat DVD entertainment system, and HID headlights.

= Third Generation (2007-2016)

Third generation (2007–2016 (2017))

Third generation (U326)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Lincoln Navigator L Lincoln Navigator L Limousine (with conversion)
Pengeluaran	August 2, 2006 – July 2, 2017^[458]^[459]
Tahun model	Initial version: 2007–2014 Refresh version: 2015–2017 2007-2016 ASEAN Singapore & Vietnam
Pemasangan	Wayne, Michigan, U.S. Michigan Assembly Plant (2007–2009) Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. (Kentucky Truck Assembly) (2009–2017)
Pelantar	Ford T1 platform
Enjin	2007–2014 version: Triton SOHC 5.4 L V8 2015 refresh: EcoBoost 3.5 L V6
Penghantaran	6-speed ZF 6HP26 automatic (2007–2008) 6-speed Ford 6R80 automatic (2009–2017)
Jarak roda	SWB: 119.0 in (3,023 mm) L: 131.0 in (3,327 mm)
Panjang	SWB: 208.4 in (5,293 mm) L: 223.3 in (5,672 mm)
Lebar	SWB: 78.8 in (2,002 mm) L 2WD: 78.1 in (1,984 mm) L 4WD: 79.7 in (2,024 mm)
Tinggi	78.3 in (1,989 mm)
Berat Curb	SWB: 5,780 lb (2,622 kg)-5,986 lb (2,715 kg) L: 6,031 lb (2,736 kg)-6,239 lb (2,830 kg)
Berkait	Ford Expedition Ford F-150

The Navigator was redesigned under the U326 program code name, with new styling and mechanical features for 2007. Unveiled at the Chicago Auto Show in February 2006, the Navigator featured its most distinctive styling update since its introduction with new front and rear fascias and side cladding. In front was a split upper and lower chrome grille with integrated fog lights resembling those of classic Lincolns like the 1946-1948 Continental, along with an all-new, more complex headlight design, and a more prominent "power dome" hood. Elsewhere, an updated rear fascia featured taillights inspired by the Lincoln MKZ and chrome trim was more prominently used along the Navigator's sides, including chrome lower body molding on the doors. The distinctiveness of the Navigator's exterior followed into the interior, highlighted by an all-new dashboard and instrument panel. These areas saw an extensive use of rectangular shapes, such as in the gauges, as well as greater use of real wood and satin nickel accents.

Accompanying the Navigator's redesign for 2007 was a new model, the Navigator L developed under the U418 program code name. Comparable to the Cadillac Escalade ESV, the Navigator L is 14.7 in (373 mm) longer than the standard Navigator on a 12 in (305 mm) longer wheelbase, increasing its cargo capacity. The Navigator L was introduced parallel to the Expedition EL, an extended version of the Ford Expedition. Both the Navigator and Expedition were redesigned for 2007 and based on Ford's T1 platform, which is related to the same platform that the 2004+ F-150 is based on. Compared to the Navigator's previous platform, the new platform provides greater rigidity for better driving dynamics. The independent rear suspension has been replaced with a new five-link IRS design to further enhance handling and ride quality. The Navigator continued to come with standard 18-inch alloy wheels but both 20- and 22-inch wheels are now available. The 5.4 L 3-valve SOHC V8 introduced in the 2005 Navigator remained unchanged for 2007. The ZF Friedrichshafen 6-speed automatic transmission was replaced by Ford's own 6-speed design, the 6R80 for the 2009 model year. Due to the Navigator's redesign, its base curb weight increased to 5,872 lb (2,663 kg) in two-wheel drive models and 6,070 lb (2,753 kg) in four-wheel drive models. Navigator L models were even heavier at 5,963 lb (2,705 kg) in two-wheel drive models and 6,221 lb (2,822 kg) in four-wheel drive models. In spite of this, thanks to their improved frame, the Navigator's towing capacity increased for 2007, approaching 9,000 lb (4,100 kg) in two-wheel drive models.^[460]

Since the 2007 model redesign, the Navigator no longer uses the same transfer case as the Expedition. Expedition four-wheel drives continue to use a two-speed dual range transfer case with off-road low range reduction gearing and default off-road program that remaps (reprograms) the electronic throttle control and traction control system response for off-road conditions. Navigator four-wheel drives have been demoted to a light-duty one-speed single range transfer case which lacks low range gearing.

For 2008, packaging for the Navigator's luxury and convenience features was simplified, resulting in the elimination of the perennial Luxury and Ultimate trim levels and the standardization of a number of features that were previously optional. Some of these newly standard features included heated and cooled front seats, power-folding third row seats, a power liftgate, and a 600-Watt 14-speaker THX II-Certified audio system. Also newly standard was a 3.31:1 rear axle ratio, though a 3.73:1 ratio was still available as option for the Navigator and remained standard in the Navigator L. Newly available was a rearview camera to aid in backing up.

For 2009, the Navigator's 5.4 L V8 gained 10 hp (7.5 kW) as well as flex-fuel capability. The rearview camera that was new for 2008 was now standard, as were heated second row seats, Front Park Assist, a capless fuel filler, rain-sensing windshield wipers, and Lincoln SYNC.^[461]

The third generation Navigator and Navigator L continued to be offered for the 2010 model year, with only slight changes.^[462]

For 2011, both the Navigator and the Navigator L feature HD Radio, Sirius TravelLink, and Lincoln SYNC as standard on all trims.^[463]

For the 2013 model year, the only changes made to the Navigator were the addition of new color trims: Kodiak Brown Metallic Tri-Coat, Midnight Sapphire Metallic, and Ruby Red Metallic Tinted Clearcoat.^[464]

The 2014 model year was a carryover from 2013 with the same features and no cosmetic changes. This would be the last model year that it would feature the front grille fascias.

2015 refresh

In March 2013, Ford had confirmed reports that the next generation Lincoln Navigator would not be a repackaged Ford Expedition as the previous generations were, despite trailing the MKX in terms of sales but ahead of the MKT, but hopes to make it more competitive in the luxury SUV segment as they prepare to take on the Cadillac Escalade, Infiniti QX80, and the Mercedes-Benz GL-Class, each of which had already or would launch new generations within 2013 or 2014,^[465] and would be designed by the new Lincoln design team that also designed the new 2013 MKZ. It would be completely new and would feature the 3.5 Ecoboost, new interior and exterior and performance upgrades.^[466] But in May 2013 a prototype Navigator with a different front grille was tested featuring the EcoBoost in preparation for the updated Navigator,^[467] which was followed by more spy shots taken in September 2013 that was sporting Lincoln's updated signature front grille.^[468]

On January 22, 2014, three photos of the 2015 Navigator were released on Twitter^[469] and Instagram,^[470] along with an announcement that the refreshed SUV would be revealed at the Washington Auto Show the following day (January 23, 2014).^[471] However, hours after the leaks were made public, Lincoln held a press event in Detroit for the vehicle^[472] and revealed the updated Navigator earlier than expected.^[473]

The 2015 Navigator and Navigator L kept the same exterior styling design as the Expedition instead of the reported repackaging that was announced earlier by Ford. However, it now featured an updated front grille with the rear tailgate lights bearing a resemblance to the Dodge Durango. The EcoBoost V6 engine is the only engine offered for the 2015 model year and makes 380 hp (283 kW; 385 PS) and 460 lb·ft (624 N·m) of torque. The exterior included HID headlamps with LED running lights and full LED taillights. Twenty-inch wheels came standard, replacing the 18-inch wheels, while a reserve package featured 22-inch wheels. The dashboard panels features MyLincoln Touch with Sync as a standard and controlled through an eight-inch, touchscreen display in the dash, and home to twin 4.2-inch displays that flank a central speedometer, falling in line with the rest of the Lincoln models. The push-button start became standard, likewise a passive entry and a rear-view camera. The blind-spot monitoring was added as an optional feature.

Both the refreshened and redesigned Navigator and Navigator L went into production in the Summer of 2014, and arrived to dealers in the fall of 2014 as a 2015 model.^[474]^[475]

Safety

2016 Lincoln Navigator SUV 4x4 NHTSA^[476]
Overall:
Frontal Driver:
Frontal Passenger:
Side Driver:
Side Passenger:
Side Pole Driver:
Rollover AWD:	19.8%
Rollover RWD:	21.2%^[477]

= Fourth Generation (2017-Present)

Fourth generation (2018 (2017–present))

Fourth generation (U554)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Lincoln Navigator L Lincoln Navigator L Limousine (with conversion)
Pengeluaran	September 25, 2017 – present
Tahun model	2018–present
Pemasangan	Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. (Kentucky Truck Assembly)
Pelantar	Ford T3 platform
Enjin	Ford EcoBoost 3.5 L V6
Penghantaran	Ford 10-speed 10R80 SelectShift automatic Transfer case (4x4 models) 2-speed BorgWarner 4417 High range ratio: 1.00:1 Low range ratio: 2.64:1
Jarak roda	SWB: 122.5 in (3,112 mm) L: 131.6 in (3,343 mm)
Panjang	SWB: 210.0 in (5,334 mm) L: 221.9 in (5,636 mm)
Lebar	79.9 in (2,029 mm)
Tinggi	78.3 in (1,989 mm)
Berat Curb	SWB: 5,685 lb (2,579 kg)-5,855 lb (2,656 kg) L: 5,926 lb (2,688 kg)-6,056 lb (2,747 kg)^[478]
Berkait	Ford Expedition Ford F-150

Lincoln Navigator Concept at the 2016 LA Auto Show.

On April 12, 2017, the fourth-generation 2018 Lincoln Navigator was introduced at the 2017 New York Auto Show.^[479] As with previous generations, the fourth-generation remains the Lincoln counterpart of the Ford Expedition, offered in both a standard and long-wheelbase configuration (Lincoln Navigator L).^[83] As before, both two and four-wheel drive versions are offered.^[83]

The fourth-generation marked a significant shift in the exterior styling of the Navigator, as it adopted styling features of the 2017 Lincoln Continental. In another major shift, the model line adopted aluminum body construction.

Chassis

The fourth-generation Lincoln Navigator uses the Ford T3 platform, developed under the U554 code name. Retaining body-on-frame construction, the Lincoln Navigator (and Ford Expedition) were engineered alongside the 2015 Ford F-150. The four-wheel independent suspension configuration was retained, with a redesigned rear suspension layout.

Shared with the Ford F-150 Raptor, the Lincoln Navigator is equipped with a 450 hp twin-turbocharged 3.5L EcoBoost V6 (although Lincoln has ended its use of the EcoBoost nomenclature). The highest-output engine ever sold by Lincoln, the 3.5L V6 is paired with a 10-speed automatic transmission (replacing the previous 6-speed automatic).

Body

Entering production with only minor differences from the Lincoln Navigator concept vehicle shown at the 2016 New York Auto Show (no inclusion of the gullwing doors and stair-style running boards, used largely for display purposes^[480]). The 2018 Lincoln Navigator adopted several design features from the 2017 Lincoln Continental, including the style of its headlights, taillights, side vents, and its front fascia, with a large rectangular grille and a centered Lincoln star emblem. While sharing its roofline and side doors with the Ford Expedition, in the style of Range Rovers, the B, C, and D-pillars are blacked out for a "floating roof" effect.

As with the 2015 Ford F-150, the body of fourth-generation Lincoln Navigator (and Ford Expedition) was designed as a part of a shift to aluminum body construction, with the use of steel largely reserved for the chassis frame rails. Nearly 200 pounds lighter than the previous generation, the fourth-generation Navigator is physically larger than its predecessor, with the standard-wheelbase configuration gaining three inches in wheelbase, while the long-wheelbase L gaining nearly an inch (becoming the longest-wheelbase Lincoln ever produced excluding the Mark LT pickup). In terms of body length, both versions were shortened approximately half an inch.

Shared with the Lincoln Continental, the dashboard of the 2018 Lincoln Navigator replaced a conventional console (or column)-mounted shifter with dashboard-mounted buttons and paddle shifters. For the first time in the model line, the fourth-generation Navigator offers a head-up display along with a 12-inch reconfigurable instrument cluster.

Trim

The fourth-generation Lincoln Navigator continues the same trim line introduced in the 2015 model update, with Premiere (new to the Navigator for 2018) as the standard trim, Select as the mid-level trim, and Reserve as the highest trim level.

Alongside the revival of the Continental, the fourth-generation Navigator marked the debut of the Lincoln Black Label series. A series of vehicles with interiors and exteriors coordinated around a theme (similar to the Designer Series Lincolns and Continentals of the 1970s and 1980s), the Navigator is sold with three Black Label themes: Chalet, Destination, and Yacht Club.

At a base price of approximately $95,000, the Black Label edition of the Lincoln Navigator is the most expensive vehicle ever sold by Ford Motor Company (with the exception of the Ford GT)^[481]

= Hyundai Palisade (2018-Present)

Hyundai Palisade (LX2)

Maklumat
Pengilang	Hyundai
Pengeluaran	2018–present
Tahun model	2020–present
Pemasangan	South Korea: Ulsan (Ulsan Plant)
Pendahulu	Hyundai Maxcruz/Santa Fe XL
Kelas	Mid-size crossover SUV^[482]^[483]^[484]
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, all-wheel-drive
Enjin	Petrol: 3.5 L Lambda II MPi V6 3.8 L Lambda II GDi V6 Diesel: 2.2 L R II CRDi I4
Penghantaran	8-speed A8F36/A8LF1 automatic
Jarak roda	2,900 mm (114.2 in)
Panjang	4,980 mm (196.1 in)
Lebar	1,975 mm (77.8 in)
Tinggi	1,750 mm (68.9 in)
Berat Curb	1,820–2,060 kg (4,012–4,542 lb)
Berkait	Kia Telluride

The Hyundai Palisade is a mid-size SUV^[485]^[482]^[483]^[484] manufactured by Hyundai Motor Company since late 2018. It debuted at the 2018 Los Angeles Auto Show on November 28, 2018.^[486] It replaces the Maxcruz (also known as Santa Fe XL outside of South Korea) as the flagship SUV under the Hyundai brand.

Like its predecessor, the Palisade features three rows of seating, with seating for up to eight passengers when equipped with a second-row bench seat. The Palisade is Hyundai's largest vehicle to date, and has 21 ka³ (595 L) of cargo space behind the third row and 87 ka³ (2,464 L) with both rows folded down.^[487]

According to Hyundai, the name Palisade "references a series of coastal cliffs", the neighborhood of Pacific Palisades in Los Angeles, California is used as a reference for the naming of the car.^[488]

Markets

North America

Based on the Grandmaster concept, Hyundai made many of the latest safety features standard equipment on the Palisade, including Safe Exit Assist (prevents children and pets from accidentally being locked inside of the vehicle by using audio and visual alerts), class-exclusive ultrasonic rear occupant alert (senses whether a child or pet is seated in either one of the rear seats, and can also send an alert using the Bluelink in-vehicle telematics system to send an alert to the driver's smartphone to alert the driver to check the rear seats), rear cross-traffic alert with collision-avoidance assist, forward collision-avoidance assist, adaptive cruise control, and blind spot collision-avoidance assist.

Powering all Palisade models in the United States and Canada is a 3.8-liter Atkinson cycle V6 engine with Idle Stop & Go (ISG). The Palisade is available in base SE, mid level SEL, upscale SEL Plus, luxury Limited, and top-of-the-line Ultimate trim levels.

Every Palisade trim level offers standard features such as one-touch second-row seat access, an eight-inch touchscreen infotainment display, and second-row USB charging ports. Additional features available on select Palisade trim levels include roof side rails, proximity key with push-button start, a leather-wrapped steering wheel and transmission shift knob, heated front seats, a third-row USB charging port, a power sunroof, a "Hands-Free" Smart Liftgate with proximity sensor and auto open, a 10.25-inch touchscreen infotainment system, Sirius XM Satellite Radio and HD Radio, the Bluelink in-vehicle telematics system, twenty-inch (20") aluminum-alloy wheels, leather-trimmed seating surfaces, manual rear window sunshades, multiple device connection, active noise cancellation, a dual moonroof with shade, auto-dimming and auto-folding side and auto-dimming rearview mirrors, a full-display rearview mirror, Nappa leather-trimmed seating surfaces, and a full-color heads-up display.

South Korea

In South Korea, the Palisade was launched on December 11th, 2018.^{[perlu rujukan]} The South Korean pop-group BTS was chosen as the brand ambassador for the new model of Hyundai, and have since been involved in numerous commercials and ad campaigns in South Korea and America.

Philippines

In the Philippines, the Palisade was launched in April 2019. It is only offered with 2.2-litre turbodiesel engine and 7 seat configuration.^[489]

Australia and New Zealand

The Palisade was released for the very first time in Australia and New Zealand in December 2020 for the 2021 model year.^[490] It is available in either 7 or 8 seat on the Highlander variant and only 8 seat on the standard variant. The Hyundai Palisade is able to be sold in Australia and New Zealand as it is made in right-hand-drive on the same production line as the Santa Fe in South Korea. The Palisade is available with a choice of 3.5-litre V6 petrol front-drive or 2.2-litre four-cylinder turbodiesel all-wheel-drive. Both engines are matched to 8-speed conventional torque converter automatics.^[491]

Indonesia

The Indonesian-market Palisade will be on sale in January 2021. It is offered in Prime and Signature trim levels with all-wheel-drive available in the latter trim. It is only available with a 2.2-litre four-cylinder turbodiesel engine mated to an 8-speed torque converter automatic transmission.^[492]

= KIA Telluride (2019-Present)

Kia Telluride (ON)
KIA Telluride 2019
Maklumat
Pengilang	Kia Motors
Pengeluaran	February 2019–present^[493]
Tahun model	2020–present
Pemasangan	United States: West Point, Georgia (KMMG)
Pendahulu	Kia Mohave/Borrego
Kelas	Mid-size crossover SUV^[495]^[496]
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front-engine, front-wheel-drive Front-engine, all-wheel-drive
Enjin	3.8 L Lambda II GDi V6 (gasoline)
Penghantaran	8-speed automatic
Jarak roda	114.2 in (2,900 mm)
Panjang	196.9 in (5,000 mm)
Lebar	78.3 in (1,990 mm)
Tinggi	68.9 in (1,750 mm)
Berat Curb	4,112–4,482 lb (1,865–2,033 kg)
Berkait	Hyundai Palisade Kia Carnival/Sedona
Pereka bentuk	Tom Kearns (2016)^[494]

The Kia Telluride is a mid-size crossover SUV, built by Kia Motors. Originally introduced as a concept car in 2016, the vehicle debuted in the spring of 2019 as a 2020 model. It is named after the town of Telluride, Colorado.^[497] The Telluride is the largest vehicle Kia has ever produced for the United States. In 2020, the Telluride was honored to become the 2020 World Car of the Year.

Overview

The production version of the Kia Telluride was launched at the 2019 North American International Auto Show. The first public debut was a customized version inspired by fashion designer Brandon Maxwell's Texas-inspired collection, at New York Fashion Week in September 2018.^[498] The overall design is similar to the 2016 concept except for the front end which was completely redesigned. The production model utilizes a larger 3.8-liter V6 engine and eschews the hybrid powertrain. Its width, height and wheelbase have been noticeably decreased when compared to the concept model.

The Telluride shares some components and specifications with its corporate cousin, the Hyundai Palisade, including its engine, transmission, and wheelbase.^[499]

The Telluride is not available in South Korea as the Telluride is only produced in the United States, and importing a Kia model produced in foreign factories requires support from labor unions. It also lacks a diesel engine option which is the popular choice in the country. Instead, only the Korean-built Palisade, its Hyundai equivalent, is offered in the home country.^[500]

Trim levels

The Telluride is offered in four trim levels: base LX, S, mid-level EX, and top-of-the-line SX.^[501] The latter is offered with an optional "SX Prestige Package," which includes all-wheel drive, Napa leather trim, a head-up display, heated and ventilated second-row seats, and other premium features.^[502]

All Tellurides feature three rows^[503] of seating and, regardless of trim level, are equipped with various luxury-oriented features that are otherwise optional in some of its competitors, such as "Sofino" (leatherette)-trimmed or leather-trimmed seating surfaces, a touchscreen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration, SiriusXM Satellite Radio, and Kia's suite of "Drivewise" advanced driver assistance technologies.

All Tellurides are powered by a 291-horsepower, 3.8-liter Lambda II gasoline V6 engine paired with an eight-speed automatic transmission,^[501] and either front-wheel-drive (FWD) or Kia's "Dynamax" all-wheel-drive (AWD) system (the latter is similar to the system found in the smaller Kia Sorento).

Higher trim levels of the Telluride also include heated and ventilated first and second row bucket seats, and a 10.25-inch touchscreen infotainment system with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto smartphone integration.^[504]

Concept

Kia Telluride Concept

Maklumat
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Enjin	3.5 L Lambda II V6 GDi
Jarak roda	3,081 mm (121.3 in)
Panjang	5,000 mm (196.9 in)
Lebar	2,010 mm (79.1 in)
Tinggi	1,800 mm (70.9 in)^[506]
Pereka bentuk	Tom Kearns (KCDA)^[505]

The concept version was first introduced at the 2016 North American International Auto Show. A mid-size, three-row, seven-passenger SUV, the Telluride is based on a modified Sorento chassis, and powered by a transversely-mounted 3.5-liter gasoline direct injected V6 producing 270 hp (201 kW) combined with an electric motor making 130 hp (97 kW), for an overall output of 400 hp (298 kW). Fuel consumption is claimed to be 30 batu per US gallon (7.8 L/100 km).^[507]

The exterior was finished in dark pyrite paint and featured a squared off body riding on 22-inch rims, as well as an enlarged tiger nose grille and multiple LED headlamps, consistent with Kia's current design language (as of 2016).^[508] The car's suicide doors swung open 90 degrees in opposite directions,^[509] revealing a pillarless design.^[506] Some of the interior components were 3D printed, marking Kia's first usage of 3D printing technology.^[510]

= Dodge Durango (1997-Present)

Dodge Durango
Dodge Durango 2019
Maklumat
Pengilang	Chrysler Corporation (1998) DaimlerChrysler (1998–2007) Chrysler LLC (2007–2009) Chrysler Group LLC (2009; 2011–2014) FCA US LLC (2014–present)
Pengeluaran	1997–2009 2010^[511]–present 1997-Present
Pendahulu	Dodge Ramcharger Dodge Town Wagon Jeep Commander Jeep Cherokee
Kelas	Mid-size SUV (1998-2003; 2011-present) ^[512] Full-size SUV (2004-2009) crossover SUV (2011-present) ^[513]^[514]^[515]
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / Four-wheel drive
Berkait	Dodge Dakota/Dodge Ram (1998-2009) Jeep Grand Cherokee (2011-present)

The Dodge Durango is a three-row mid-size sport utility vehicle (SUV)^[516] produced by Dodge. The first two generations were very similar in that both were based on the Dodge Dakota and Ram Pickup, both featured a body-on-frame construction and both were produced at the Newark Assembly Plant in Newark, Delaware.

The third-generation Durango is built on the same platform as the Jeep Grand Cherokee, features unibody construction, and has been assembled at the Jefferson North Assembly Plant in Detroit, Michigan, since late 2010. It is currently the only SUV built by Dodge since the discontinuation of the Dodge Journey crossover as part of Dodge’s move to a performance-focused brand.

= First Generation (1997-2003)

First generation (DN; 1998)

First generation
1997-2003 Dodge Durango
Maklumat
Pengeluaran	1997–2003
Tahun model	1998–2003
Pemasangan	Newark, Delaware, United States (Newark Assembly)
Pelantar	Chrysler DN platform
Enjin	3.9 L (238 cu in) Magnum V6 4.7 L (287 cu in) Power Tech V8 5.2 L (318 cu in) Magnum V8 5.9 L (360 cu in) Magnum V8
Penghantaran	4-speed TorqueFlite automatic 4-speed RFE automatic 5-speed RFE automatic
Jarak roda	116.2 in (2,951 mm)
Panjang	193.5 in (4,915 mm) (2001–2003) 193.3 in (4,910 mm) (1997–2000)
Lebar	71.5 in (1,816 mm) (1997–2000) 71.3 in (1,811 mm) (2000–2003)
Tinggi	70.0 in (1,778 mm) (2001–2003) 72.9 in (1,852 mm) (1997–2000)
Berat Curb	4,689 lb (2,127 kg)
Berkait	Dodge Dakota Mitsubishi Pajero/Willys Infiniti QX80
Pereka bentuk	Dennis Myles (1995)

The Durango was marketed as a sturdy truck-based SUV designed to hold up to seven passengers and tow up to 7,500 lb (3,400 kg) when properly equipped.^[517] The Durango shared a front end, instrument panel, and front seats with the Dakota pickup on which it was based, and its taillights and liftgate handle with Chrysler's minivan models of the time (the Dodge Caravan, Plymouth Voyager and Chrysler Town & Country). Original designs of the eight-passenger Durango featured a rear-facing third-row similar to many older station wagons. To make room for a more practical forward-facing third row, Dodge shortened the length of the front doors and raised the roof two inches (5 cm) beyond the front seats, allowing for stadium seating. The Durango's roof rack was designed to mask the appearance of the raised roof.^[518]

The 4.7 L Magnum V8 replaced the 5.2 L Magnum V8 engine for 2000; however, the 5.2 was still available in the early 2000 models. In that same year, a special AWD performance version called the R/T was released with a 5.9 L Magnum V8. In 1999 and 2000, a limited-edition Shelby S.P.360 version was offered that featured a supercharged version of the 5.9 L Magnum V8 engine. Output is 360 hp (268 kW; 365 PS) and 412 lb·ft (559 N·m) of torque. Exterior modifications include unique wheels, tires, suspension, and bumpers. It came standard with Viper blue paint with two racing stripes down the center of the truck. It had a 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) time of 7.1 seconds. The top speed was 142 mph (229 km/j).

Model year changes

For 1999, the Durango was made available with two-wheel drive. A 3.9 L Magnum V6 engine was available, but few were sold. Minor changes were made for the second year, two new paint colors, and options that included 6-kali-9-inci (150 mm × 230 mm) heated rearview mirrors and steering-wheel-mounted radio controls. Leather seats became standard on SLT Plus models, and body-color wheel flares became standard on SLT Plus and four-wheel drive models.

The 2000 model year included a new 4.7 L Magnum V8 engine, which replaced the reliable 5.2 L Magnum V8, as the standard engine for four-wheel drive models. The 3.9 L Magnum V6 engine was no longer available, leaving only V8s for the rest of the production run. The high-performance Durango R/T came equipped with a performance-tuned 5.9 L Magnum V8 and all-wheel drive.

For 2001, Dodge focused on interior upgrades as Durango's interior trim panels, dash-mounted controls, instrument panel, overhead console, and steering wheel were all redesigned. The transfer case selector on 4X4 models changed from a manual lever on the console to a switch on the dash. The instrument cluster was updated, and an electronic vehicle information center was incorporated into the overhead console. For improved rear passenger comfort, a dual-zone climate-control system was added as standard equipment. Sound systems were improved on all models and now came standard with six speakers. Other minor changes included door panels, revised seats, aluminum wheels, and minor changes to trim options.

In 2002, the new SXT version of the Durango was offered as the entry-level trim package. Optional side curtain airbags were added for safety. The 2003 Durango featured minor mechanical changes, most notable was the addition of four-wheel disc brakes.

In 1999, the 4WD 5.2 L V8 and the 4WD 5.9 L V8 held the best crash test results, earning a 6.8 out of 10 total rating.

Trim levels

1997–2003 - SLT: Most basic trim level of the Durango from 1998-2000. Midrange trim level of the Durango from 2001-2003. SLT emblem. Included: cloth upholstery, keyless entry, power doors, locks and windows, 15-inch alloy wheels, and an AM/FM stereo with cassette player and four speakers.
1997–2003 - SLT PLUS: Most luxurious trim level of the Durango from 1998-2003. Included luxury features. Based on the SLT trim level. Never featured an SLT Plus emblem, but only an SLT emblem. Added: fog lamps, floor mats for rear seat, leather upholstery, power driver's seat, security alarm, and an AM/FM stereo with single-CD and cassette players with a graphic equalizer, Infinity sound system with 8 speakers, and steering wheel audio controls.
2000–2003 - Sport: More basic trim level of the Durango from 2000-2003. Included basic features. Based on the SXT trim level. Sport decals.
2000–2003 - SXT: Most basic trim level of the Durango from 2000-2003. Included basic features. SXT decals.
2000–2003 - R/T: "high-performance" trim level of the Durango from 2000-2003. Included luxury and performance-oriented features. Based on the SLT Plus trim level. R/T emblems.

The SLT, SLT Plus, and Sport trim levels offered the 3.9 L Magnum V6 engine as standard equipment (late availability starting in 1999), with the 5.2 L and 5.9 L Magnum V8 engines being available options, later switching to the 4.7 L Power-Tech V8 engine, with the 5.9 L Magnum V8 engine optional. The R/T and S.P. 360 trim levels included the 5.9 L Magnum V8 engine as standard equipment.

Engines

1997–2000 — 5.2 L (318 cu in) Magnum V8, 230 hp (172 kW) & 300 lb·ft (407 N·m) of torque
1997–2000 — 3.9 L (238 cu in) Magnum V6, 175 hp (130 kW) & 225 lb·ft (305 N·m) of torque
1997–2003 — 5.9 L (360 cu in) Magnum V8, 245 hp (183 kW) & 330 lb·ft (449 N·m) of torque
1999–2000 — 5.9 L (360 cu in) Supercharged Magnum V8, 360 hp (268 kW) & 412 lb·ft (559 N·m) of torque
2000–2003 — 5.9 L (360 cu in) Magnum V8, 250 hp (186 kW) & 345 lb·ft (469 N·m) of torque
2000–2003 — 4.7 L (287 cu in) PowerTech V8, 235 hp (175 kW) & 295 lb·ft (400 N·m) of torque

Transmissions

42RE 4-speed TorqueFlite automatic - 3.9 L V6
45RFE 4-speed RFE automatic (2000–2002) - 4.7 L V8
545RFE 5-speed RFE automatic (2003) - 4.7 L V8
44RE 4-speed TorqueFlite automatic - 5.2 L V8
46RE 4-speed TorqueFlite automatic - 5.9 L V8

= Second Generation (2004-2009)

Second generation (ND; 2004)

Second generation

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Chrysler Aspen (2009)
Pengeluaran	2003–2008 2004-2009 ASEAN Singapore & Philippines
Tahun model	2004–2009
Pemasangan	United States: Newark, Delaware (Newark Assembly)
Enjin	3.7 L Magnum V6 (gasoline) 4.7 L Magnum V8 (E85 / gasoline) 5.7 L Hemi V8 (gasoline) 5.7 L Hemi Eagle V8 (Hybrid)
Penghantaran	4-speed 42RLE automatic 5-speed 545RFE automatic CVT Two-Mode automatic
Jarak roda	119.2 in (3,028 mm)
Panjang	200.8 in (5,100 mm) Hybrid: 202.1 in (5,133 mm)
Lebar	76.0 in (1,930 mm)
Tinggi	74.3 in (1,887 mm) Hybrid: 73.6 in (1,869 mm)
Berkait	Dodge Dakota Chrysler Aspen

The second-generation Durango was first shown as a concept dubbed Dodge Durango R/T concept at the 2003 Detroit Auto Show. It debuted shortly before the companion Dakota. Like the Dakota, it has much in common with the large Dodge Ram pickup, including a fully boxed frame. It is 7 in (180 mm) longer, 2 in (51 mm) wider, and 3 in (76 mm) taller than the previous model. It also offered a third-row bench with three seats, giving it an eight-seat capacity. The design took its styling primarily from the Dodge Powerbox concept, which was itself based on the 1999 Dodge Power Wagon concept, and the 2003-2004 Durango R/T concept.

Debuting for 2004 was a new coil-spring rear suspension for the solid rear axle. A Watt's linkage system is fitted to the rear axle, centering the axle and reducing rear-end skate over rough surfaces, and allowing a lower and wider cargo floor.

Trim levels

ST (renamed SE later): 2005-2009: Most basic trim level, basic features. Included: cloth upholstery, 17-inch steel wheels with hubcaps, antilock brakes, keyless entry, tilt steering wheel with speed control, an AM/FM stereo with a single-CD player, and air conditioning. SXT added grey running boards and an AM/FM stereo with a 6-disc CD changer with MP3 capability.

SXT: 2003-2009: Most basic trim level, basic features.

SLT: 2003-2009: Value-oriented trim level, value-added features, optional luxury features. Added: premium cloth upholstery, power driver's seat, 7-passenger seating, rear air conditioning, and fog lamps. SLT G package added overhead console with compass, temperature, trip odometer, average fuel economy, and distance to empty, an AM/FM stereo with 6-disc CD changer with MP3 capability, 276-watt Infinity audio system with 8-speakers, 17-inch alloy wheels, Sentry Key, security alarm, garage door opener, and dual sun visors.

Adventurer: 2005-2007: Value-oriented and "off-road-look" trim level, value-added features, optional luxury features. Added: V8 engine, 17-inch alloy wheels, rear cargo organizer, and floor mats.

Limited: 2003-2009: Most luxurious trim level, luxury features. Added: leather upholstery, power-adjustable pedals, auto-dimming rearview mirror, an AM/FM stereo with 6-disc CD changer with MP3 capability, a 378-watt Infinity sound system with 8 speakers and subwoofer, a memory system for driver's seat, mirrors, stereo, and pedals, automatic headlamps, automatic temp control, power mirrors, and leather-wrapped steering wheel with audio and speed controls.

All trim levels offered the 4.7 L Power-Tech V8 engine as standard equipment, though the 5.7 L Hemi V8 engine was available on all trim levels, except for the base SXT trim level. The base SXT trim level also offered the 3.7 L Power-Tech V6 engine as standard equipment in place of the 5.7 L Hemi V8 engine option, though the V6 engine option was only available on the base SXT trim level, and only between 2004 and 2007.

The 2004 Dodge Durango was the first SUV in DaimlerChrysler's lineup to introduce the 5.7 L Hemi V8 engine, as well as a new radio design and modernized interior features.

Facelift

The 2007 model year featured a facelift that debuted at the Dallas Auto Show in April 2006. It featured a redesigned grille, hood, headlamps, fenders, and wheels. New features included electronic stability control, a tire pressure monitoring system, rear park assist, and a one-touch turn signal.

In 2006, DaimlerChrysler introduced a full-size^[508] luxury SUV based on the Durango, called the Chrysler Aspen, for the 2007 model year.

Engines

2004–2009 - 3.7 L (226 cu in) Magnum V6, 210 hp (157 kW) at 5200 rpm and 235 lb·ft (319 N·m) at 4000 rpm.
2004–2007 - 4.7 L (287 cu in) Magnum V8, 235 hp (175 kW) at 4500 rpm and 300 lb·ft (407 N·m) at 3600 rpm
2008–2009 - 4.7 L (287 cu in) Corsair V8, 303 hp (226 kW) at 5,650 rpm and 330 lb·ft (447 N·m) at 3,950 rpm
2004–2008 - 5.7 L (345 cu in) Hemi V8, 335 hp (250 kW) at 5200 rpm and 370 lb·ft (502 N·m) at 4200 rpm (MDS equipped for 2006+ 5.7 L engines for improved fuel mileage)
2009 - 5.7 L (345 cu in) Hemi V8, 376 hp (280 kW) at 5200 rpm and 401 lb·ft (544 N·m)
2009 Hybrid - 5.7 L (345 cu in) Hemi V8, 345 hp (257 kW) at 5200 rpm and 380 lb·ft (515 N·m), Electric Motors: 87 hp (65 kW) and 235 lb·ft (319 N·m), Combined: 390 hp (290 kW) at 5300 rpm and 499 lb·ft (677 N·m) at 2500 rpm

Chrysler Aspen

The Chrysler Aspen is a luxury SUV from Chrysler. Launched for the 2007 model year, the Aspen was based on the Dodge Durango SUV.

The Aspen was the first truck-based SUV commercialized under the Chrysler brand, although the PT Cruiser was the first truck-based Chrysler brand vehicle as classified under Corporate Average Fuel Economy's (CAFE) regulation. With this introduction, as of 2007, all American automobile brands had an SUV in their range.^[519]^{[sumber tak boleh dipercayai?]} The truck was unveiled at the 2005 North American International Auto Show. The Aspen came equipped with three rows of seating for eight passengers and available all-wheel drive.^[520] It was available in only one trim, Limited.

The 2007 Chrysler Aspen appears in the 2006 movie Deck the Halls.

Due to slow sales, it was discontinued after the 2009 model year. However, the Dodge Durango Citadel covers the full-size luxury SUV segment as of 2011.

Discontinuation

In October 2008, Chrysler announced that the shutdown of the Newark Assembly facility, which produced the Durango and the Chrysler Aspen, would be moved up to the end of 2008, thereby ending production of the Aspen and Durango after the 2009 model year.^[521]^[522] Production ceased on December 19, 2008.

= Third Generation (2010-Present)

Third generation (WK2; 2011)

Third generation
2018 Dodge Durango SRT
Maklumat
Pengeluaran	2010^[511]–present
Tahun model	2010 2011–Present
Pemasangan	Detroit, Michigan, U.S. (Jefferson North Assembly)
Enjin	3.6 L Pentastar V6 5.7 L Hemi V8 6.4 L Hemi 392 Apache V8 6.2 L SRT Hellcat V8-S
Penghantaran	5-speed W5A580 automatic 5-speed 545RFE automatic 6-speed 65RFE automatic 8-speed 845RE automatic (2014-17 Pentastar 2018-on 850RE ) 8-speed 8HP70 automatic (2014- Hemi)
Jarak roda	119.9 in (3,045 mm)
Panjang	199.8 in (5,075 mm)
Lebar	75.8 in (1,925 mm)
Tinggi	70.9 in (1,801 mm)
Berkait	Jeep Grand Cherokee (WK2)
Pereka bentuk	Aaron Pizzuti (2008)^[523]

Overview

After announcing the discontinuation of the Durango after the 2009 model year, Dodge released an Internet site and teaser photos of the third-generation Dodge Durango on August 16, 2010.

The 2011 Dodge Durango entered production on December 14, 2010,^[511] alongside the second-generation Charger in the 2011 vehicle lineup. It went on sale for general dealership availability in mid-January 2011.

The third-generation Durango is built alongside the Jeep Grand Cherokee at the Jefferson North Assembly Plant in Detroit, Michigan, sharing the assembly line, running gear, powertrains, and chassis parts with the Grand Cherokee. The wheelbase of the Durango is longer than that of the Grand Cherokee. It features three rows of seating compared to the Grand Cherokee's two rows.

Trim levels

The Dodge Durango is available in several distinct trim levels:

Express - 2011 only: Base trim level, base features, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 engine only. Crew - 2011-2013: Value-added trim level, added features, optional luxury features, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 and 5.7 L Hemi V8 engines. SXT - 2012–present: Base trim level, base features, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 engine only.

SXT Plus - 2014–present: Basic trim level, basic features, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 engine only. Crew Plus - 2010-2013: Luxury trim level, luxury features, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 or 5.7 L Hemi V8 engines. Limited - 2014–2016: Luxury trim level, luxury features, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 or 5.7 L Hemi V8 engines. GT - 2017–present: Sporty trim level that replaces the Limited trim, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 engine only.

GT Plus - 2019–present: GT trim with selected luxury amenities, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 engine only. R/T - 2011–present: Sporty trim level, sporty details, 5.7 L HEMI V8 engine only. First, return to the Dodge Durango lineup since 2001. Citadel - 2011–present: Highest trim level, luxurious features, 3.6 L Pentastar V6 or 5.7 L Hemi V8 engines.

SRT - 2018-present: High performance trim level; 6.4 L Hemi V8 engine only. SRT Hellcat - 2021 only: High performance trim level; 6.2 L Hemi V8-S engine only

A Special Service Package has also been available since 2012, and is sold exclusively to government fleets. It is based on the base Durango SXT trim level, but does offer the 5.7 L Hemi V8 engine that the public-market SXT trim level does not offer.

Powertrain

The third-generation Durango features three engines. The base engine is a new 3.6 L V6 engine producing 290 hp (216 kW; 294 PS) and 260 lb·ft (353 N·m) of torque at 4,800 rpm; 90% of peak torque is available from 1,600 to 6,400 rpm. The Pentastar V6 engine is backed by a Mercedes W5A580 five-speed automatic, with Chrysler's controls and the driver-interactive control. The 5.7 L Hemi VVT V8 returned with 360 hp (268 kW; 365 PS) and 390 lb·ft (529 N·m) of torque, which features the 545RFE five-speed automatic. The Hemi V8 also comes with a "fuel-saver" (cylinder deactivation) mode. This feature is primarily used when the vehicle is cruising at constant speeds on level ground.

Model	Engine	Displacement	Power @ rpm	Torque @ rpm	Years	Note
Express	3.6 V6 Pentastar	3,604 cc (219.9 cu in)	290 hp (216 kW; 294 PS) @ 6400 rpm	350 N·m (258 lbf·ft) @4800 rpm	2011–
Crew					2010–	option 5.7 V8 Hemi
CrewLux					2010–	option 5.7 V8 Hemi
Citadel					2010–	option 5.7 V8 Hemi
Limited					2010-2016	option 5.7 V8 Hemi
GT					2017–
Heat					2010–
R/T	5.7 V8 Hemi	5,654 cc (345.0 cu in)	360 hp (268 kW; 365 PS) @ 5150 rpm	530 N·m (391 lbf·ft) @4250 rpm	2011–	MDS
SRT	6.4 V8 HEMI	6,417 cc (391.6 cu in)	475 hp (354 kW; 482 PS) @ 6000 rpm	637 N·m (470 lb·ft) @ 4300 rpm	2018–
SRT Hellcat	6.2 V8-S Hemi	6,166 cc (376.3 cu in)	710 hp (530 kW; 720 PS) @ 6000 rpm	875 N·m (645 lb·ft) @ 4000 rpm	2021

Updates

Dodge unveiled its revised 2014 model Durango at the 2013 New York International Auto Show. The 2014 Durango was redesigned with sportier-looking lines, an eight-speed automatic transmission, and a new design trim similar to the Rallye, with a blackened plastic bumper and outline. The taillights were reworked to feature a single LED 'Racetrack' tail lamp similar to the Charger and Dart. On the inside, Dodge added a revised steering wheel, instrument cluster, rotary shift knob, and a reconfigurable 20 in (510 mm) thin film transistor display first seen on the Dart.

The 2015 Durango received a new package available for the R/T trim, consisting of a Premium Nappa Leather Group option featuring radar red leather seats, 0.8-inci-lower ride height (20 mm), black headlamp bezels, HID low beams and LED DRL'S, optional R/T embroidery on the seats, a nine-speaker sound system with a subwoofer, a 360 hp (268 kW) 5.7 L Hemi paired with ZF's eight-speed transmission, and a 20-inci (510 mm) Granite Crystal wheel finished in black.^[524]

For 2016 the Durango received the new Pentastar Upgrade V6 which adds Stop/Start, Variable Valve Lift and better drivability through a 15% enhanced torque curve and increasing the Variable Valve Timing from 50 degrees to 70 degrees. Other technologies include Cooled EGR and friction reduction. Despite the added tech, the engine weighs 4 lbs less. Power output and torque remain the same at 293HP and 260 ft-lbs (single exhaust) or 295HP and 260 ft-lbs torque (dual exhaust). The Durango also added new packages to their two trims, with the Anodized Platinum package for the Citadel trim and the Brass Monkey package for the Limited trim.^[525]

For 2017, the Dodge Durango Limited trim is discontinued and replaced by the new GT trim and the Base SXT trim level will now be available with three-row seating fitting 7 passengers.^[526]

For 2018, All models received the new Uconnect radios and the 3rd Generation ZF 8 speed automatic transmission. The rotary transmission gear shifter has been replaced with a T-grip handle like in the Dodge Charger. The steering wheel has also been changed to a more sporty wheel like found in the Dodge Charger. Other changes include suede insert leather seats and black chrome inserts in the interior on the GT model.

For 2019: The Tow Group IV package gets an integrated trailer brake controller. The Dodge Durango GT trim gets the R/T- and SRT-style grille. A new GT Plus trim is added which adds several amenities to the GT trim, such as heated front and second-row seats and steering wheel; 6-way passenger power seat with 4-way lumbar adjustment; two-position memory for the driver's seat, radio, and mirrors; a power liftgate; and 150W inverter.^[527]

For 2021, the Durango receives updated exterior styling, with a revised bumper and headlights, three grille textures and six new wheel designs. The interior features a new instrument panel with Uconnect 5; an 8.4-inch screen is standard on SXT and GT models, while R/T and Citadel models have a 10.1-inch touchscreen. An SRT Hellcat model with a 710 hp supercharged 6.2 L Hemi V8 will also be available for 2021 only, after which it will be discontinued due to emissions requirements.^[528] With the discontinuation of the crossover Journey and minivan Grand Caravan, the Durango became the only SUV in the Dodge vehicle lineup.^[529]

Safety

NHTSA 2018 Durango^[530]^[531]
Overall
Frontal driver
Frontal Passenger
Side Driver
Side Passenger
Side Pole Driver
Rollover RWD
Rollover AWD

IIHS 2011-18 Durango^[532]
Small overlap front: driver side	Marginal
Moderate overlap front	Good
Side	Good
Roof strength	Good
Head restraints & seats	Good
Front crash prevention: vehicle-to-vehicle	Superior (2017-18 models)

Recalls

On August 16, 2012, Chrysler recalled 1,661 2013-model Dodge Durango sport utility vehicles in the United States and Canada because some airbags may not deploy in an accident. The recall affects 1,449 of the seven-passenger versions of the SUVs in the United States and 212 in Canada and other markets.^[533]

On July 24, 2015, Chrysler recalled all 2014-2015 Dodge Durangos with the 8.4-inci (210 mm) touch-screens due to security concerns with the software that controls the vehicle because it could be hacked. The vulnerability was discovered by software engineers Charlie Miller and Chris Valasek and initially posted on Wired. This vulnerability would allow hackers to remotely access and take over a variety of features, including those key parts of driving via a vulnerability in the Uconnect infotainment system.^[534]^[535]

On November 26, 2019, Chrysler issued a recall of 700,000 2011-2013 Durangos and Jeep Grand Cherokees in the United States, Canada, and Mexico, because of an electrical failure which can cause the engine refuse to start or stop functioning while it is driving. There are no reports of accidents. The FCA group announced a free revision to both models and replacement of these pieces involved in the problem.^[536]

= Infiniti QX80 1997-Present

Infiniti QX80
Infiniti QX80
Maklumat
Pengilang	Nissan
Juga dikenali	Infiniti QX56 (2004–2013)
Pengeluaran	1997-2003 2004–present
Pendahulu	Infiniti QX4
Kelas	Full-size luxury SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV

The Infiniti QX80 (formerly called the Infiniti QX56 until 2013) is a full-size luxury SUV built by Nissan's luxury division Infiniti. The QX80 shares a platform with the Y62 series Nissan Patrol, a full-size SUV also known as the Armada in North America.

=First Generation 1997-2003

Infiniti QX4/Terrano Regulus

Infiniti QX4

Maklumat
Pengilang	Nissan
Juga dikenali	Nissan Terrano Regulus (Japan)
Pengeluaran	September 1996 – November 2002
Tahun model	1997–2003
Pemasangan	Nissan Shatai, Kanda, Fukuoka, Japan
Pengganti	Infiniti QX56 Infiniti QX60 Infiniti FX
Kelas	Mid-size luxury SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel-drive/ four-wheel-drive
Enjin	3.3 L VG33E V6 3.5 L VQ35DE V6
Berkait	Nissan Pathfinder

The Infiniti QX4 is a mid-size luxury SUV introduced in September 1996 and based on the unibody Nissan Pathfinder. It was released following Acura's introduction of the SLX and Lexus's larger LX 450. The QX4 was Infiniti's first entry into the SUV market segment.

Marketed in Japan as the Nissan Terrano Regulus, exclusively in Nissan's JDM Nissan Bluebird Store, the Terrano Regulus was briefly offered at Nissan Motor Store, its luxury-oriented dealership. Major differences between these vehicles and the Pathfinder include a more upscale interior, and unique styling. Marketed as a luxury vehicle, The Terrano Regulus offered off-road capability with a low-range four-wheel-drive system and 8.3 inci (211 mm) of ground clearance.

= Second Generation (2004-2012)

Second (First) generation (JA60; 2004)

First generation (JA60)

Maklumat
Juga dikenali	Nissan Armada
Pengeluaran	20 January 2004^[537]–March 2010
Pemasangan	Canton, Mississippi, United States
Kelas	Full-size luxury SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	Nissan F-Alpha platform
Enjin	5.6 L V8 VK56DE
Penghantaran	5-speed automatic
Jarak roda	3,129 mm (123.2 in)
Panjang	5,255 mm (206.9 in)
Lebar	2008–2010: 2,019 mm (79.5 in) 2004–2007: 2,002 mm (78.8 in)
Tinggi	2005–2010 2WD: 1,956 mm (77.0 in) 2004 & 2008–2010 4WD: 1,999 mm (78.7 in) 2005–2007 4WD: 1,976 mm (77.8 in)
Berat Curb	2,539 kg (5,597 lb)
Berkait	Nissan Titan TA60 Nissan Armada WA60 Nissan Frontier D40 Nissan Xterra N50 Nissan Pathfinder R51
Pereka bentuk	Masato Takahashi (2001)

The Infiniti QX56 (JA60) was a full-size sport utility vehicle (SUV) sold under the Nissan-owned Infiniti luxury brand. It was based on the Nissan Armada full-size SUV, and shared the F-Alpha platform with the Nissan Titan pickup truck. The QX56 was unique to the United States, Canada, Russia, Oman, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. It was also the first Infiniti built in the United States. Development on the Infiniti JA60 began in early 2000 alongside the Nissan WA60. A final design by Masato Takahashi was reached in early 2001, with an August 2001 design freeze for early 2004 start of production.^[538]

The rear door handles were installed on the "C" pillar as a Nissan design tradition started with the 1986 Nissan Pathfinder. When the four-door Nissan Pathfinder was introduced, Nissan chose to conceal the door handles as a part of the "C" pillar trim to visually make it appear like a two-door truck with a camper shell, with conventional door handles on the front doors.

The JA60 was propelled by a 5.6 L VK56DE V8 engine (320 hp (239 kW) at 4,900 rpm and 393 lb·ft (533 N·m) torque at 3,600 rpm) and a 5-speed automatic transmission with an overdrive. As is common with aluminum blocks, each cylinder in the engine was lined with cast iron. The valvetrain was a DOHC design with four valves per cylinder. Infiniti designed the QX56's throttle responsiveness to correspond to specific drivetrain modes: when the driver selects all-wheel drive, the throttle becomes less sensitive, presumably to allow easier regulation of acceleration when off-road.

The Infiniti QX56 had around 9,000 lb (4082 kg) of towing capacity. Mileage at peak performance drain is 12 batu per US gallon (20 L/100 km; 14 mpg_‑imp). It comes in one trim level, with only key options such as: DVD entertainment system, 4WD/2WD, and a bench instead of captain chairs as the second row. Other features which came standard were a ten-speaker Bose system, DVD-based navigation system, leather trim for all seats, dual-climate control, 18-inch chrome alloy wheels, and an adaptive cruise control system. A Precrash system was a unique feature in the market as well.

Since the demise of the Q45 (which was priced above the QX56) after 2006, the QX56 was the most expensive Infiniti sold in North America, and was Infiniti's only full-size vehicle. In early 2007 for the 2008 model year, the Infiniti QX56 received a minor facelift which included a revised grille, a redesigned interior and new intelligent key system, more standard equipment and standard 20-inch chrome wheels. Introduced at the 2007 NAIAS in January 2007, the facelifted model went on sale in April 2007.

In 2008 the QX56 received updates to the braking system. For 2009 the QX56 received auto locking doors and deep garnet metallic was added as a new color. For 2010 the MSRP was increased by $1000, 4WD versions now cost $60,000 and some colors were deleted.

After the 2010 model year the QX56 and Armada would no longer share the same platform, as the F-Alpha-based Armada continued to be produced in the United States for the 2011 model year, while next generation QX56 switched to the platform used by the Nissan Patrol.

= Third Generation (2010-Present)

Third (Second) generation (Z62; 2010)

Second generation (Z62)

Maklumat
Pengilang	Infiniti
Juga dikenali	Nissan Patrol Y62 Nissan Armada Y62 Nissan Patrol Royale (Philippines)
Pengeluaran	April 2010–present
Pemasangan	Yukuhashi, Japan (Nissan Shatai Kyushu Plant) Saint-Petersburg, Russia (SKD, 2012-2014)^[539]
Kelas	Full-size luxury SUV
Gaya badan	5-door SUV
Reka letak	Front engine, rear-wheel drive / four-wheel drive
Pelantar	Y62/Nissan F-Alpha platform
Enjin	5.6L V8 32-valve VVEL(VK56VD)
Penghantaran	7-speed RE7R01B automatic
Jarak roda	3,075 mm (121.1 in)
Panjang	5,290 mm (208.3 in)
Lebar	2,047 mm (80.6 in)
Tinggi	1,940 mm (76.4 in)
Berat Curb	2,785 kg (6,140 lb)
Berkait	Nissan Patrol Y62 Nissan Armada Y62 Nissan Titan (second generation) Nissan NV Nissan Terra Nissan Navara (D23)
Pereka bentuk	Shinya Momokawa, Akihiro Sugita (2007)^[540] Naoyuki Ohkoshi (Refresh: 2012) Alfonso Albaisa (Facelift: 2015)

Development

Z62 development began in 2006 following the concurrent Y62 program (since 2003), after Nissan management voted to move QX56 production back to Japan and separate from the Nissan Armada, after the JA60's production run concluded. By 2007, a styling proposal by Shinya Momokawa and Akihiro Sugita was approved by the board and frozen for production. In September 2009, spy photography of a 2011 QX56 (Z62) prototype, at a Las Vegas Infiniti national dealer conference, were published online.

2011–2013 (2011-2012) (QX56)

On 31 March 2010, Infiniti debuted the 2011 QX56 at the New York International Auto Show. No longer sharing a platform with the F-Alpha-based Nissan Armada, the QX56 was now a luxury version of the Nissan Patrol, which also marked the first time that a Patrol-based vehicle had been sold in North America since 1969. The QX56 features a new 5.6L VK56VD V8 engine with direct injection and VVEL variable valve timing, also found in the Nissan Patrol, which is rated at 400 hp (298 kW) and 413 lb·ft (560 N·m) of torque. The more powerful engine helps give the QX an increased towing capacity of up to 8,500 lb (3,856 kg). The engine is tied to a seven-speed sequential-shift automatic transmission with an all-new 4WD system.

Compared to its predecessor, the new QX is 1.4 inches longer, 1.1 inches wider. Most of the frame's body mass is made from high-tensile steel, but the QX manages to be more rugged with its body-on-frame concept and it shares the same platform as the Nissan Patrol. Both the front and rear feature independent suspension double wishbone suspensions combined with the new Hydraulic Body Motion Control System. The QX comes standard with 20-inch wheels with 22-inch wheels available. 4WD versions have a four-setting terrain control which include rock, snow, sand and dirt modes. This generation abandoned the disguised rear door handles that were installed in the "C" pillar, a tradition started with the 1985 Nissan Pathfinder five-door, as the first generation QX was based on the second generation Pathfinder. This generation's appearance is more in line with other large luxury SUVs like the Mercedes-Benz GL-Class, Lexus LX, Land Rover Range Rover, Cadillac Escalade, and Lincoln Navigator.

The QX's interior design includes a number of the standard and optional luxury features in the 2010 Infiniti M, such as semi-aniline leather seats, tri-zone climate control, a Bose 2-channel, 13-speaker Premium Audio surround sound stereo system with hard drive memory storage, hard-drive based navigation system, XM satellite radio with NavTraffic is standard, a power liftgate/tailgate, and Infiniti Intuitive Park Assist, a parking assist feature which uses the around view monitor. Other features include climate-controlled front and rear seats, streaming audio via Bluetooth wireless technology, a center console, power sliding rear seats, power third row seats, and a 7-inch DVD rear-seat entertainment system. Curtain Vent, new for this generation, directs air flow from the air conditioning system from above each side window down towards the floor. A new Around View Monitor system uses a camera mounted on the grill, giving a 180-degree view in front, and another camera mounted on the passenger side of the vehicle's side mirror helps eliminate blind spots on the side at low speeds, such as when in parking lots or on off-road adventures.

The QX also features the updated Infiniti hard drive based navigation system with an eight-inch VGA display. Infiniti keyless SmartAccess with an "Intelligent Remote" key is standard along with 8 airbags including knee airbags for driver and front passenger as well as second-row side torso airbags, the Adaptive Front-lighting System (AFS) is standard, while the Pre-Collision System (PCS),Vehicle Dynamic Control (Electronic stability control) systems and lane departure warning system are available options.

First QX80 Facelift 2013-2018 (2014-2017)

In 2013 for the 2014 model year, Infiniti renamed their entire product line, so the QX56 was rebadged as the QX80 in April 2014. Coinciding with the renaming, the QX80 arrived at the New York International Auto Show with a mid-generational refresh, receiving new headlights and taillights with new front and rear fascias, restyled bi-xenon HID projector headlamps with LED daytime running lights, front LED turn signals (located on front bumper with new LED fog lights), new wheel designs (including a new 22-inch forged-aluminum version), three new exterior colors, and a number of interior refinements for the 2015 model year. The new flagship trim level for 2015 is the QX80 Limited which features all the QX80 packages and optional equipment that is available on other QX80 trim levels, while its standard on the new QX80 Limited trim level, standard Intelligent All Wheel Drive (AWD), and restyled LED clear lens taillights instead of the LED red lens taillights, however the QX80 Limited trim level is not available with the second row bench seating which increases the passenger capability from 7 seats to 8 seats. It will still be offered with the same 5.6-liter VK56VD V8 engine. Naoyuki Ohkoshi was responsible for exterior design work on the facelift QX80 in 2012.

As of 2017, the Infiniti QX80 is available in the United States (including all US territories), Canada, Mexico, China (including Macau and Hong Kong, excluding Taiwan), the GCC markets, Russia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, South Korea, Dominican Republic, Guam, Panama, Australia, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam. An RHD version became in some markets as part of the facelift in late 2014.

In late 2016, the 2017 Nissan Armada was released and it switched from the F-Alpha to the Nissan Patrol platform, so the Armada is once again a mechanical twin of the QX80 (formerly QX56) since the 2010 model years. It has been noted that the top trims of the Armada and QX80 have nearly identical interiors despite the MSRP differential; $61,435 for Armada Platinum versus $89,845 for a fully equipped QX80.^[541]^[542]^[410]

Second QX80 Facelift (2018 (2019-Present))

The QX80 Monograph Concept was a design study that previewed a significant second facelift to QX80 for the 2018 model year, launched in December 2017. It retained its 5.6 liter V8 engine and basic architecture. The QX80 Monograph was unveiled at the 2017 New York International Auto Show.^[543] The revised QX80 debuted at the Dubai International Motor Show, on 14 November 2017. The facelift has redesigned grille, hood, new LED headlamps, and Full LED taillamps with bumper-installed rear turn signal lights which previously appeared on the 1st generation Infiniti QX50.^{[perlu rujukan]}

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[711] "2018 Ford Expedition Priced From $52,890, Will Range To Nearly $80k" from Cars Direct (June 20, 2017)

[712] ttps://www.ford.com/suvs/expedition/models/expedition-xlt/

[713] ttps://www.ford.com/suvs/expedition/models/expedition-limited/

[autonews.com-714] Templat:Cite web

[715] Templat:Cite web

[716] Templat:Cite web

[717] “King Ranch Trim Returns To 2020 Ford Expedition” from Ford Authority (August 12, 2019)

[718] "ALL-NEW 2018 EXPEDITION FX4 IS THE MOST OFF-ROAD-CAPABLE EXPEDITION EVER" from Ford Media center (June 16, 2017)

[719] “The New Silver Spruce Color For The 2019 Ford Expedition: First Look” from Ford Authority (February 16, 2019)

[720] “The New Agate Black Color For The 2019 Ford Expedition: First Look” from Ford Authority (April 15, 2019)

[721] “2020 Ford Expedition Adds King Ranch Trim, Sees Platinum Model Upgraded” from Motor Trend (September 25, 2019)

[722] “Ford Expedition Color Desert Gold Metallic Discontinued After Just One Year” From Ford Authority (June 23, 2020)

[723] "2018 Ford Expedition and Expedition Max (Photos)" from Autoblog (February 7, 2017)

[724] "The 2018 Ford Expedition is Getting a Major Price Hike" from Autoguide.com (June 21, 2017)

[725] Templat:Cite web

[726] Templat:Cite web

[727] Templat:Cite journal

[728] Templat:Cite web

[729] Templat:Cite web

[theautochannel.com-730] Templat:Cite web

[731] Templat:Cite news

[732] Templat:Cite news

[733] Templat:Cite web

[734] Bartlett, Jeff. "One-Year Test Verdict: 1998 Lincoln Navigator." Motor Trend. 1999.

[735] "1998 Lincoln Navigator Review." The Car Connection. 2008. http://www.thecarconnection.com/fullreview/lincoln_navigator_1998

[736] Templat:Cite web

[737] ttps://www.automotive-fleet.com/11341/ford-motor-co-reports-may-2002-us-retail-sales-of-3299031

[738] Templat:Cite web Templat:Dead link

[739] Templat:Cite web

[740] Templat:Cite web

[741] Templat:Cite web

[742] ttp://www.fleet.ford.ca/resources/ford-ca/general/NEWS/FoCFleetBalanceOutMar06(EN).pdf

[743] Templat:Cite web

[744] Templat:Cite web Templat:Dead link

[745] Templat:Cite news

[746] 2011 Lincoln Navigator

[747] 2013 Lincoln Navigator Templat:Dead link from media.lincoln.com

[748] "Lincoln Navigator to Drop V-8 for EcoBoost V-6, Expedition May Get V-6 and V-8" from Motor Trend (March 11, 2013)

[749] "Next Lincoln Navigator to drop V8 in favor of V6, but Ford Expedition might get both" from Autoblog (March 12, 2013)

[750] "Caught: Lincoln Navigator Prototype Spied" from Motor Trend (May 20, 2013)

[751] 2015 Lincoln Navigator Spied Testing On Public Roads From Truck Trend (September 18, 2013)

[752] rom Twitter posted January 22, 2014

[753] From Lincoln Motor Co. posted January 22, 2014

[754] "2015 Lincoln Navigator: First Look" from The Washington Post (January 23, 2014)

[755] "2015 Lincoln Navigator gets new look" from Detroit Free Press (January 23, 2014)

[756] Templat:Cite web

[757] "2015 Lincoln Navigator puts on a brave face, offers EcoBoost V6 only" from Autoblog (January 23, 2014)

[758] "2015 Lincoln Navigator Teased, Debuts on Thursday, Gets 3.5L V6 EcoBoost" from Carscoops (January 22, 2014)

[759] Templat:Cite web

[760] Templat:Cite web

[761] Templat:Cite web

[762] Templat:Cite web

[763] "Lincoln Navigator SUV concept opens wide in New York" from Gizmag (March 23, 2016)

[764] "2018 Lincoln Navigator Destination still all about the journey" from The Car Connection (June 21, 2017)

[msuv1-765] ttps://www.edmunds.com/hyundai/palisade/

[msuv2-766] ttps://cars.usnews.com/cars-trucks/hyundai/palisade

[msuv3-767] ttps://www.hyundainews.com/en-us/releases/2793

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[770] Templat:Cite web

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[774] Templat:Cite web

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=Generasi Toyota Fortuner/Hilux Surf (1984–present)

=Generasi pertama (1984-1989)

Generasi pertama (N60; 1987)

=Generasi kedua (1990-1996)

Generasi kedua (N120/N130; 1990)

Safety

=Generasi ketiga (1997–2003)

Generasi ketiga (N180; 1997)

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Generasi pertama (AN50/AN60; 2004–2015)

Variants

Markets

Argentina

Brazil

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Ecuador

Egypt

India

Indonesia

Kazakhstan

Malaysia

Philippines

GCC

Singapore

South Africa

Venezuela

Vietnam

Facelifts

2007

2012

=Generasi kedua (2016-Present)

Generasi Kedua (AN150/AN160; 2015 (2016–present))

Engines

Markets

Australia

India

Indonesia

Laos

Malaysia

Pakistan

Philippines

Russia

Facelift

=Generasi Mitsubishi Pajero Sport (1997–present)

=Generasi pertama (1997–2009)

Generasi Pertama (K80/K90/PA/PA II; 1997)

Gallery

=Generasi kedua (2010–2015)

Generasi Kedua (KG/KH/PB; 2010)

Sudden unintended acceleration issue

=Generasi ketiga (2016-Sekarang)

Generasi ketiga (KR/KS/QE/QF; 2016)

Facelift (QF)

=Generasi Chevrolet Trailblazer (1984-Present)

=Generasi pertama (1984–1996)

Generasi pertama (1984–1996)

=Generasi kedua (1997-2006)

Generasi kedua (1997–2006)

Trims and Models

Second generation engines

Indonesian Engines[92][93]

Brazilian Engines

=Generasi ketiga (2007-2012)

Generasi Ketiga

=Generasi keempat (2012-Present)

Generasi keempat (2012-present)

Engines

Holden Colorado 7/Trailblazer

Sales

=External

External links

=Generasi Isuzu Mux (1981-Present)

=Generasi Pertama Isuzu Mux (Trooper/Bighorn) (1981-1990)

First generation (1981–1990)

=Generasi kedua Isuzu Mux (Trooper/Bighorn) (1991-2003)

Second generation (1991–2003)

Acura SLX

Monterey

Rollover controversy

Indonesian Engines^[92]^[93]