Senarai bintang terdekat
Senarai bintang terdekat dengan Bumi disusun mengikur jarak menaik hingga ke maksimum 5 parsek (16.308 tahun cahaya.) Termasuk Sistem Suria, terdapat kini lebih kurang 50 sistem najam yang diketahui yang mungkin terletak pada jarak ini. Sistem ini mengandungi sejumlah 65 bintang yang diketahui dan 4 kerdil perang yang juga diketahui.
Bintang dan kerdil perang yang mempunyai magnitud ketara melebihi 6.5, dan yang tidak dapat dilihat oleh mata kasar, dipaparkan dalam kelabu gelap. Kelas bintang dan kerdil perang dipaparkan dalam warna jenis spektrum mereka. (Warna ini diterbitkan dari nama konvensyen bagi jenis spektrum dan tidak memaparkan warna cerapan bintang.) Sesetengah hasil paralaks dan jarak diukur dengan RECONS[1] dan mungkin hanya pengiraan awal.
| # | Penandaan | Kelas najam | mV | MV | Teff K(±ralat) |
Epok J2000.0 | Paralaks[1][2] Arka saat(±ralat) |
Jarak[3] Tahun cahaya(±ralat) |
Rujukan tambahan | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sistem | Bintang | PK[1] | Pen[1] | ||||||||
| Suria | Matahari (Sol) | G2V[1] | −26.72[1] | 4.85[1] | 5,778[4] | — | — | 180° | 0.0000158(3) atau anggaran 8 minit cahaya |
||
| 1 | Alpha Centauri (Rigil Kentaurus; Toliman) |
Proxima Centauri (V645 Centauri) | M5.5Ve | 11.09[1] | 15.53[1] | 3,040[5] | 14j 29m 43.0s | −62° 40′ 46″ | 0.768 87(0 29)″[6][7] | 4.2421(16) | [8] |
| α Centauri A (HD 128620) | G2V[1] | 0.01[1] | 4.38[1] | 5,790[5] | 14j 39m 36.5s | −60° 50′ 02″ | 0.747 23(1 17)″[6][9] | 4.3650(68) | |||
| α Centauri B (HD 128621) | K0V[1] | 1.34[1] | 5.71[1] | 5,260[5] | 14j 39m 35.1s | −60° 50′ 14″ | |||||
| 2 | Barnard's Star (BD+04°3561a) | M4.0Ve | 9.53[1] | 13.22[1] | 3,134(102)[10] | 17j 57m 48.5s | +04° 41′ 36″ | 0.546 98(1 00)″[6][7] | 5.9630(109) | ||
| 3 | Wolf 359 (CN Leonis) | M6.0V[1] | 13.44[1] | 16.55[1] | 2,800(100)[11] | 10j 56m 29.2s | +07° 00′ 53″ | 0.419 10(2 10)″[6] | 7.7825(390) | ||
| 4 | Lalande 21185 (BD+36°2147) | M2.0V[1] | 7.47[1] | 10.44[1] | 3,400[12] | 11j 03m 20.2s | +35° 58′ 12″ | 0.393 42(0 70)″[6][7] | 8.2905(148) | ||
| 5 | Sirius (α Canis Majoris) |
Sirius A | A1V[1] | −1.43[1] | 1.47[1] | 9,940(210)[13] | 06j 45m 08.9s | −16° 42′ 58″ | 0.380 02(1 28)″[6][7] | 8.5828(289) | |
| Sirius B | DA2[1] | 8.44[1] | 11.34[1] | 25,000(200)[14] | |||||||
| 6 | Luyten 726-8 | Luyten 726-8 A (BL Ceti) | M5.5Ve | 12.54[1] | 15.40[1] | 2,670 | 01j 39m 01.3s | −17° 57′ 01″ | 0.373 70(2 70)″[6] | 8.7280(631) | |
| Luyten 726-8 B (UV Ceti) | M6.0Ve | 12.99[1] | 15.85[1] | ~2,600 | |||||||
| 7 | Ross 154 (V1216 Sagittarii) | M3.5Ve | 10.43[1] | 13.07[1] | 2,700 | 18j 49m 49.4s | −23° 50′ 10″ | 0.336 90(1 78)″[6][7] | 9.6813(512) | ||
| 8 | Ross 248 (HH Andromedae) | M5.5Ve | 12.29[1] | 14.79[1] | ? | 23j 41m 54.7s | +44° 10′ 30″ | 0.316 00(1 10)″[6] | 10.322(36) | ||
| 9 | Epsilon Eridani (BD−09°697) | K2V[1] | 3.73[1] | 6.19[1] | 5,100 | 03j 32m 55.8s | −09° 27′ 30″ | 0.309 99(0 79)″[6][7] | 10.522(27) | ||
| 10 | Lacaille 9352 (CD−36°15693) | M1.5Ve | 7.34[1] | 9.75[1] | 3,340 | 23j 05m 52.0s | −35° 51′ 11″ | 0.303 64(0 87)″[6][7] | 10.742(31) | ||
| 11 | Ross 128 (FI Virginis) | M4.0Vn | 11.13[1] | 13.51[1] | 2,800 | 11j 47m 44.4s | +00° 48′ 16″ | 0.298 72(1 35)″[6][7] | 10.919(49) | ||
| 12 | EZ Aquarii (GJ 866, Luyten 789-6) |
EZ Aquarii A | M5.0Ve | 13.33[1] | 15.64[1] | ? | 22j 38m 33.4s | −15° 18′ 07″ | 0.289 50(4 40)″[6] | 11.266(171) | |
| EZ Aquarii B | M? | 13.27[1] | 15.58[1] | ? | |||||||
| EZ Aquarii C | M? | 14.03[1] | 16.34[1] | ? | |||||||
| 13 | Procyon (α Canis Minoris) |
Procyon A | F5V-IV[1] | 0.38[1] | 2.66[1] | 6,650 | 07j 39m 18.1s | +05° 13′ 30″ | 0.286 05(0 81)″[6][7] | 11.402(32) | |
| Procyon B | DA[1] | 10.70[1] | 12.98[1] | 9,700 | |||||||
| 14 | 61 Cygni | 61 Cygni A (BD+38°4343) | K5.0V[1] | 5.21[1] | 7.49[1] | 4,640 | 21j 06m 53.9s | +38° 44′ 58″ | 0.286 04(0 56)″[6][7] | 11.403(22) | |
| 61 Cygni B (BD+38°4344) | K7.0V[1] | 6.03[1] | 8.31[1] | 4,440 | 21j 06m 55.3s | +38° 44′ 31″ | |||||
| 15 | Struve 2398 (GJ 725, BD+59°1915) |
Struve 2398 A (HD 173739) | M3.0V[1] | 8.90[1] | 11.16[1] | ? | 18j 42m 46.7s | +59° 37′ 49″ | 0.283 00(1 69)″[6][7] | 11.525(69) | |
| Struve 2398 B (HD 173740) | M3.5V[1] | 9.69[1] | 11.95[1] | ? | 18j 42m 46.9s | +59° 37′ 37″ | |||||
| 16 | Groombridge 34 (GJ 15) |
Groombridge 34 A (GX Andromedae) | M1.5V[1] | 8.08[1] | 10.32[1] | ? | 0j 18m 22.9s | +44° 01′ 23″ | 0.280 59(0 95)″[6][7] | 11.624(39) | |
| Groombridge 34 B (GQ Andromedae) | M3.5V[1] | 11.06[1] | 13.30[1] | ? | |||||||
| 17 | Epsilon Indi (CPD−57°10015) |
Epsilon Indi A | K5Ve[1] | 4.69[1] | 6.89[1] | 4,280 | 22j 03m 21.7s | −56° 47′ 10″ | 0.275 84(0 69)″[6][7] | 11.824(30) | |
| Epsilon Indi Ba | T1.0V | >23 | >25 | 1,280 | 22j 04m 10.5s | −56° 46′ 58″ | |||||
| Epsilon Indi Bb | T6.0V | >23 | >25 | 850 | |||||||
| 18 | DX Cancri (G 51-15) | M6.5Ve | 14.78[1] | 16.98[1] | ? | 08j 29m 49.5s | +26° 46′ 37″ | 0.275 80(3 00)″[6] | 11.826(129) | ||
| 19 | Tau Ceti (BD−16°295) | G8Vp[1] | 3.49[1] | 5.68[1] | 5,344 | 01j 44m 04.1s | −15° 56′ 15″ | 0.274 39(0 76)″[6][7] | 11.887(33) | ||
| 20 | GJ 1061 (LHS 1565) | M5.5V[1] | 13.09[1] | 15.26[1] | ? | 03j 35m 59.7s | −44° 30′ 45″ | 0.272 01(1 30)″[15] | 11.991(57) | [16][17] | |
| 21 | YZ Ceti (LHS 138) | M4.5V[1] | 12.02[1] | 14.17[1] | ? | 01j 12m 30.6s | −16° 59′ 56″ | 0.268 84(2 95)″[6][7] | 12.132(133) | ||
| 22 | Luyten's Star (BD+05°1668) | M3.5Vn | 9.86[1] | 11.97[1] | ? | 07j 27m 24.5s | +05° 13′ 33″ | 0.263 76(1 25)″[6][7] | 12.366(59) | ||
| 23 | Teegarden's star (SO025300.5+165258) | M6.5V | 15.14[1] | 17.22[1] | ? | 02j 53m 00.9s | +16° 52′ 53″ | 0.260 63(2 69)″[15] | 12.514(129) | [17] | |
| 24 | SCR 1845-6357 | SCR 1845-6357 A | M8.5V[1] | 17.39 | 19.41 | ? | 18j 45m 05.3s | −63° 57′ 48″ | 0.259 45(1 11)″[15] | 12.571(54) | [17] |
| SCR 1845-6357 B | T6[18] | ? | ? | 950[18] | 18j 45m 02.6s | −63° 57′ 52″ | |||||
| 25 | Kapteyn's Star (CD−45°1841) | M1.5V[1] | 8.84[1] | 10.87[1] | 3,800 | 05j 11m 40.6s | −45° 01′ 06″ | 0.255 27(0 86)″[6][7] | 12.777(43) | ||
| 26 | Lacaille 8760 (AX Microscopii) | M0.0V[1] | 6.67[1] | 8.69[1] | 3,340 | 21j 17m 15.3s | −38° 52′ 03″ | 0.253 43(1 12)″[6][7] | 12.870(57) | ||
| 27 | Kruger 60 (BD+56°2783) |
Kruger 60 A | M3.0V[1] | 9.79[1] | 11.76[1] | 3,180 | 22j 27m 59.5s | +57° 41′ 45″ | 0.248 06(1 39)″[6][9] | 13.149(74) | |
| Kruger 60 B (DO Cephei) | M4.0V[1] | 11.41[1] | 13.38[1] | 2,890 | |||||||
| 28 | DEN 1048-3956 | M8.5V[1] | 17.39[1] | 19.37[1] | ? | 10j 48m 14.7s | −39° 56′ 06″ | 0.247 71(1 55)″[15] | 13.167(82) | [19][20] | |
| 29 | Ross 614 (V577 Monocerotis, GJ 234) |
Ross 614A (LHS 1849) | M4.5V[1] | 11.15[1] | 13.09[1] | ? | 06j 29m 23.4s | −02° 48′ 50″ | 0.244 34(2 01)″[6][9] | 13.349(110) | |
| Ross 614B (LHS 1850) | M5.5V | 14.23[1] | 16.17[1] | ? | |||||||
| 30 | Gl 628 (Wolf 1061, BD−12°4523) | M3.0V[1] | 10.07[1] | 11.93[1] | ? | 16j 30m 18.1s | −12° 39′ 45″ | 0.236 01(1 67)″[6][7] | 13.820(98) | ||
| 31 | Van Maanen's Star (Gl 35, LHS 7) | DZ7[1] | 12.38[1] | 14.21[1] | ? | 00j 49m 09.9s | +05° 23′ 19″ | 0.231 88(1 79)″[6][7] | 14.066(109) | ||
| 32 | Gl 1 (CD−37°15492) | M3.0V[1] | 8.55[1] | 10.35[1] | ? | 00j 05m 24.4s | −37° 21′ 27″ | 0.229 20(1 07)″[6][7] | 14.231(66) | ||
| 33 | Wolf 424 (FL Virginis, LHS 333, GJ 473) |
Wolf 424 A | M5.5Ve | 13.18[1] | 14.97[1] | ? | 12j 33m 17.2s | +09° 01′ 15″ | 0.227 90(4 60)″ [6] | 14.312(289) | |
| Wolf 424 B | M7Ve | 13.17[1] | 14.96[1] | ? | |||||||
| 34 | TZ Arietis (GJ 83.1, Luyten 1159-16) | M4.5V[1] | 12.27[1] | 14.03[1] | ? | 02j 00m 13.2s | +13° 03′ 08″ | 0.224 80(2 90)″[6] | 14.509(187) | ||
| 35 | Gl 687 (LHS 450, BD+68°946) | M3.0V[1] | 9.17[1] | 10.89[1] | ? | 17j 36m 25.9s | +68° 20′ 21″ | 0.220 49(0 82)″[6][7] | 14.793(55) | ||
| 36 | LHS 292 (LP 731-58) | M6.5V[1] | 15.60[1] | 17.32[1] | ? | 10j 48m 12.6s | −11° 20′ 14″ | 0.220 30(3 60)″[6] | 14.805(242) | ||
| 37 | Gl 674 (LHS 449) | M3.0V[1] | 9.38[1] | 11.09[1] | ? | 17j 28m 39.9s | −46° 53′ 43″ | 0.220 25(1 59)″[6][7] | 14.809(107) | ||
| 38 | GJ 1245 | GJ 1245 A | M5.5V[1] | 13.46[1] | 15.17[1] | ? | 19j 53m 54.2s | +44° 24′ 55″ | 0.220 20(1 00)″[6] | 14.812(67) | |
| GJ 1245 B | M6.0V[1] | 14.01[1] | 15.72[1] | ? | 19j 53m 55.2s | +44° 24′ 56″ | |||||
| GJ 1245 C | M? | 16.75[1] | 18.46[1] | ? | 19j 53m 54.2s | +44° 24′ 55″ | |||||
| 39 | GJ 440 (WD 1142-645) | DQ6[1] | 11.50[1] | 13.18[1] | 7,500 | 11j 45m 42.9s | −64° 50′ 29″ | 0.216 57(2 01)″[6][7] | 15.060(140) | ||
| 40 | GJ 1002 | M5.5V[1] | 13.76[1] | 15.40[1] | ? | 00j 06m 43.8s | −07° 32′ 22″ | 0.213 00(3 60)″[6] | 15.313(259) | ||
| 41 | Ross 780 (GJ 876) | M3.5V[1] | 10.17[1] | 11.81[1] | 3,480 | 22j 53m 16.7s | −14° 15′ 49″ | 0.212 59(1 96)″[6][7] | 15.342(141) | ||
| 42 | LHS 288 (Luyten 143-23) | M5.5V[1] | 13.90[1] | 15.51[1] | ? | 10j 44m 21.2s | −61° 12′ 36″ | 0.208 95(2 73)″[15] | 15.610(204) | [17] | |
| 43 | GJ 412 | GJ 412 A | M1.0V[1] | 8.77[1] | 10.34[1] | ? | 11j 05m 28.6s | +43° 31′ 36″ | 0.206 02(1 08)″[6][7] | 15.832(83) | |
| GJ 412 B (WX Ursae Majoris) | M5.5V[1] | 14.48[1] | 16.05[1] | ? | 11j 05m 30.4s | +43° 31′ 18″ | |||||
| 44 | Groombridge 1618 (GJ 380) | K7.0V[1] | 6.59[1] | 8.16[1] | 4,000 | 10j 11m 22.1s | +49° 27′ 15″ | 0.205 81(0 67)″[6][7] | 15.848(52) | ||
| 45 | GJ 388 | M3.0V[1] | 9.32[1] | 10.87[1] | ? | 10j 19m 36.4s | +19° 52′ 10″ | 0.204 60(2 80)″[6] | 15.942(218) | ||
| 46 | GJ 832 | M3.0V[1] | 8.66[1] | 10.20[1] | ? | 21j 33m 34.0s | −49° 00′ 32″ | 0.202 78(1 32)″[6][7] | 16.085(105) | ||
| 47 | LP 944-020 | M9.0V[1] | 18.50[1] | 20.02[1] | ? | 03j 39m 35.2s | −35° 25′ 41″ | 0.201 40(4 20)″[21] | 16.195(338) | ||
| 48 | DEN 0255-4700 | L7.5V[1] | 22.92[1] | 24.44[1] | ? | 02j 55m 03.7s | −47° 00′ 52″ | 0.201 37(3 89)″[15] | 16.197(313) | [20] | |
| 49 | GJ 682 | M4.5V[1] | 10.95[1] | 12.45[1] | ? | 17j 37m 03.7s | −44° 19′ 09″ | 0.199 65(2 30)″[6][7] | 16.337(188) | ||
| # | Sistem | Bintang | Kelas najam | mV | MV | Teff K(±err) |
PK[1] | Pen[1] | Paralaks[1][2] arka saat(±err) |
Jarak[3] Tahun cahaya(±err) |
Rujukan tambahan |
| Penandaan | Epok J2000.0 | ||||||||||
Perwakilan grafik bagi kelas najam
[sunting | sunting sumber]
Warna dan Saiz matahari dibandingkan dengan bintang-bintang sistem Alpha Centauri (#1) (2 kerdil kuning, satu kerdil jingga dan satu kerdil merah).
Pengkelasan spektrum Morgan-Keenan bagi jujukan utama atau bintang-bintang "kerdil".
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Astronomi
- Perjalanan antarnajam
- Senarai galaksi terdekat
- Pengkalan Data Bintang Berhampiran
- Paralaks
- RECONS - Konsortium Kajian pada Bintang Berhampiran (Research Consortium on Nearby Stars)
- Bintang
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs ft fu fv fw fx fy fz ga gb gc Research Consortium on Nearby Stars, GSU (2007-Sep 17). "THE ONE HUNDRED NEAREST STAR SYSTEMS". RECONS. Dicapai pada 2007-11-06. Check date values in:
|date=(bantuan); External link in|journal=(bantuan) - ^ a b Paralaks yang diberikan RECONS adalah min nilai bagi sumber diberi, begitu juga pengukuran oleh program RECONS.
- ^ a b Dari paralaks.
- ^ Sun Fact Sheet, NASA. Accessed on line November 8, 2007.
- ^ a b c Kervella, Pierre; Thevenin, Frederic (15 Mac 2003). "A Family Portrait of the Alpha Centauri System: VLT Interferometer Studies the Nearest Stars". ESO Press Release 05/03. ESO. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-06-16. Dicapai pada 2007-11-08. Check date values in:
|date=(bantuan)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq Katalog Am Paralaks Trigonometri.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Katalog Hipparcos.
- ^ Burgasser et al. 2000
- ^ a b c Visual binary orbits and masses post Hipparcos, Staffan Söderhjelm, Astronomy and Astrophysics 341 (January 1999), pp. 121–140.
- ^ Barnard's Star and the M Dwarf Temperature Scale, P. C. Dawson and M. M. de Robertis, The Astronomical Journal 127, #5 (May 2004), pp. 2909–2914. doi:10.1086/383289
- ^ Ya. V. Pavlenko, H. R. A. Jones, Yu. Lyubchik, J. Tennyson, and D. J. Pinfield (2006). "Spectral energy distribution for GJ406". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 447 (2): 709–717. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20052979. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Carbon monoxide bands in M dwarfs, Y. V. Pavlenko and H. R. A. Jones, Astronomy and Astrophysics 396 (December 2002), pp. 967–975. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021454
- ^ Table 2, The physical properties of normal A stars, Saul J. Adelman, pp. 1–11, The A-Star Puzzle, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, edited by J. Zverko, J. Ziznovsky, S. J. Adelman, and W. W. Weiss, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004. doi:10.1017/S1743921304004314
- ^ Adopted value, The Age and Progenitor Mass of Sirius B, James Liebert, Patrick A. Young, David Arnett, J.B. Holberg, and Kurtis A. Williams, The Astrophysical Journal 630, #1 (September 2005), pp. L69–L72.
- ^ a b c d e f Systems with their first accurate trigonometric parallaxes measured by RECONS
- ^ The solar neighborhood IV: discovery of the twentieth nearest star, Todd J. Henry, Philip A. Ianna, J. Davy Kirkpatrick, Hartmut Jahreiss, The Astronomical Journal 114, #1 (July 1997), pp. 388–395. doi:10.1086/118482
- ^ a b c d The Solar Neighborhood. XVII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 m Program: 20 New Members of the RECONS 10 Parsec Sample, Todd J. Henry, Wei-Chun Jao, John P. Subasavage, Thomas D. Beaulieu, Philip A. Ianna, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 132, #6 (December 2006), pp. 2360–2371. doi:10.1086/508233
- ^ a b The very nearby M/T dwarf binary SCR 1845-6357, Markus Kasper, Beth A. Biller, Adam Burrows, Wolfgang Brandner, Jano Budaj, and Laird M. Close, Astronomy and Astrophysics 471, #2 (August 2007), pp. 655–659. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20077881
- ^ The Solar Neighborhood. XIII. Parallax Results from the CTIOPI 0.9 Meter Program: Stars with μ >= 1.0" yr-1 (Motion sample), Wei-Chun Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, Jennifer L. Bartlett, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, The Astronomical Journal 129, #4 (April 2005), pp. 1954–1967. doi:10.1086/428489
- ^ a b The Solar Neighborhood. XIV. Parallaxes from the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Parallax Investigation—First Results from the 1.5 m Telescope Program, Edgardo Costa, René A. Méndez, W.-C. Jao, Todd J. Henry, John P. Subasavage, Misty A. Brown, Philip A. Ianna, and Jennifer Bartlett, The Astronomical Journal 130, #1 (July 2005), pp. 337–349. doi:10.1086/430473
- ^ CCD astrometry of southern very low-mass stars, C. G. Tinney, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 281, #2 (July 1996), pp. 644–658.
- ^ "The Dog Star, Sirius, and its Tiny Companion". Hubble News Desk. 2005-12-13. Dicapai pada 2006-08-04.
- "NStars database". NAU. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-10-30. Dicapai pada 2005-10-24.
- "100 nearest star systems". RECONS. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2005-09-23. Dicapai pada 2005-10-24.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)()
- "Map of the 25 nearest star systems". NASA. Dicapai pada 2005-10-24.
- "Notable Nearby Stars". SolStation. Dicapai pada 2005-10-24.
- "Cool stars in the solar Neighbourhood". D. Montes, UCM. Dicapai pada 2005-11-14.
- The dynamics of the closest stars
- Takeda, G. (2006). "Structure and Evolution of Nearby Stars with Planets II. Physical Properties of ~ 1000 Cool Stars from the SPOCS Catalog" (dalam bahasa English). California & Carnegie Planet Search. Dicapai pada 2006-10-13. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (bantuan)CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)