Penyatuan Itali

Penyatuan Itali (Itali: Risorgimentocode: it is deprecated [risordʒiˈmento], bermaksud Kebangkitan) ialah pergerakan politik serta sosial yang menggabungkan negera-negara berlainan di semenanjung Itali kepada negara tunggal Kerajaan Itali dalam abad ke-19. Walaupun tiada persetujuan tentang tarikh sebenar bagi bermula dan berakhirnya tempoh ini, kebanyakan ilmuan bersetuju bahawa proses ini bermula pada tahun 1815 dengan Kongres Vienna dan di hujung pemerintahan Napoleon, dan berakhir pada tahun 1870 dengan Pengepungan Rom.^[1]^[2] Walau bagaimanapun, sesetengah terre irredente tidak menyertai Kerajaan Itali sehinggalah selepas Perang Dunia I dengan Perjanjian Saint-Germain. Sesetengah nasionalis melihat Genjatan senjata Villa Giusti sebagai penghujung penyatuan.^[3]

Latar belakang

Perang Kemerdekaan Pertama

Perang Kemerdekaan Ketiga

Rujukan

^ Collier, Martin (2003). Italian unification, 1820–71. Heinemann Advanced History (ed. First). Oxford: Heinemann. m/s. 2. ISBN 0-435-32754-2. The Risorgimento is the name given to the process that ended with the political unification of Italy in 1871
^ Riall, Lucy (1994). The Italian Risorgimento: state, society, and national unification (ed. First). London: Routledge. m/s. 1. ISBN 0-203-41234-6. The functional importance of the Risorgimento to both Italian politics and Italian historiography has made this short period (1815–60) one of the most contested and controversial in modern Italian history
^ Arnaldi, Girolamo : Italy and Its Invaders. Harvard University Press, 2005. M/s 194. ISBN 0-674-01870-2

Bibliografi

Beales, Derek; Biagini, Eugenio (2003). The Risorgimento and the Unification of Italy (ed. 2nd). Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-36958-0.
Davis, John A., penyunting (2000). Italy in the nineteenth century: 1796–1900. Short Oxford History of Italy. London: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-873128-3. Dicapai pada 2012-03-19.
Arcaini, G.B. (6 Mac 2005). "The Italian Unification". History of Italy. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2017-12-25. Dicapai pada 2012-03-19.
Arcaini, G.B. (30 November 2003). "Italy's Unity". History of Italy. Dicapai pada 2012-03-19.

De Cesare, Raffaele. The Last Days of Papal Rome, Archibald Constable & Co, London (1909)
De Mattei, Roberto. Pius IX (2004)
Hales, E.E.Y. Pio Nono: A Study in European Politics and Religion in the Nineteenth Century. P.J. Kenedy, 1954.
Hales, E.E.Y. The Catholic Church in the Modern World. Doubleday, 1958
Holt, Edgar. The Making of Italy 1815–1870, New York: Atheneum, 1971
Smith, Denis Mack. Cavour (1985)
Smith, Denis Mack. Mazzini (1996) excerpt and text search
Trevelyan, George Macaulay. Garibaldi and the making of Italy (1911) full text online
Mauri, Arnaldo. The Adriatic Eastern Shores, a Missed Target in the Italian Unification Process: Political and Economic Involvements, Università degli Studi di Milano, DEAS, WP N°. 2011 – 09, Abstract available in English at SSRN 1832287.[1] [2]

Rujukan bahasa Itali

Banti, Alberto Mario. La nazione del Risorgimento: parentela, santità e onore alle origini dell'Italia unita. Torino, Einaudi, 2000
Banti, Alberto Mario. Il Risorgimento italiano. Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2004 (Quadrante Laterza; 125)
Ghisalberti, Carlo. Istituzioni e società civile nell'età del Risorgimento. Roma-Bari, Laterza, 2005 (Biblioteca universale Laterza; 575)
Della Peruta, Franco. L'Italia del Risorgimento: problemi, momenti e figure. Milano, Angeli, 1997 (Saggi di storia; 14)
Della Peruta, Franco. Conservatori, liberali e democratici nel Risorgimento. Milano, Angeli, 1989 (Storia; 131)
De Rosa, Luigi. La provincia subordinata. Saggio sulla questione meridionale, Bari, Laterza, 2004
Riall, Lucy. Il Risorgimento: storia e interpretazioni. Roma, Donzelli, 1997 (Universale; 2)
Romeo, Rosario. Risorgimento e capitalismo. Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1998 (Economica Laterza; 144) (1ª ed. 1959)
Scirocco, Alfonso. L'Italia del risorgimento: 1800–1860. (vol. 1 di Storia d'Italia dall'unità alla Repubblica), Bologna, Il mulino, 1990
Scirocco, Alfonso. In difesa del Risorgimento. Bologna, Il mulino, 1998 (Collana di storia contemporanea)
Smith, Denis Mack. Il Risorgimento italiano: storia e testi. (Nuova ediz.), Roma-Bari, Laterza, 1999 (Storia e società)
Woolf, Stuart J. Il risorgimento italiano. Torino, Einaudi, 1981 (Piccola biblioteca Einaudi; 420)
Tomaz, Luigi. Il confine d'Italia in Istria e Dalmazia, Presentazione di Arnaldo Mauri, Conselve, Think ADV, 2008.
Carlo Cardia, Risorgimento e religione, Giappichelli, Torino, 2011, ISBN 978-88-348-2552-5.

Rujukan

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[1] Collier, Martin (2003). Italian unification, 1820–71. Heinemann Advanced History (ed. First). Oxford: Heinemann. m/s. 2. ISBN 0-435-32754-2. The Risorgimento is the name given to the process that ended with the political unification of Italy in 1871

[2] Riall, Lucy (1994). The Italian Risorgimento: state, society, and national unification (ed. First). London: Routledge. m/s. 1. ISBN 0-203-41234-6. The functional importance of the Risorgimento to both Italian politics and Italian historiography has made this short period (1815–60) one of the most contested and controversial in modern Italian history

[3] Arnaldi, Girolamo : Italy and Its Invaders. Harvard University Press, 2005. M/s 194. ISBN 0-674-01870-2

[1]

[2]

[3]

l b s Risorgimento
Peperangan	Revolusi 1820 Revolusi 1830 Revolusi 1848 Perang Kemerdekaan Itali Pertama Perang Kemerdekaan Itali Kedua Perang Kemerdekaan Itali Ketiga Ekspedisi Seribu Perang Krimea Pengepungan Rom
Pemimpin	Camillo Benso, conte di Cavour Giuseppe Garibaldi Victor Emmanuel II dari Itali Giuseppe Mazzini
Pihak lawan	Paus Pius IX Franz Joseph I dari Austria Francis II dari Dua Sicily Klemens von Metternich Josef Radetzky