Perlumbaan kereta sukan
 | |
| Badan induk tertinggi | ACO (1923-kini) FIA (2012-kini) IMSA (1969-kini) GARRA (2000-2013) |
|---|---|
| Ciri-ciri | |
| Contact | Ya |
| Ahli pasukan | Ya |
| Jantina bercampur | Ya |
| Jenis | Luaran |
| Tempat | Padang jalan (minoriti bujur) |
Perlumbaan kereta sukan adalah satu bentuk perlumbaan jalan sukan permotoran yang menggunakan kereta sukan yang mempunyai dua tempat duduk dan roda tertutup. Mereka mungkin dibina khas (Prototaip) atau berkaitan dengan model jalan raya (German Touring).
Satu jenis hibrid antara purisme roda terbuka dan kebiasaan lumba kereta tur, gaya ini sering dikaitkan dengan perlumbaan tahunan Le Mans 24 Jam. Larian pertama pada tahun 1923, Le Mans adalah salah satu perlumbaan motor tertua yang masih wujud.[1] Lain-lain klasik tetapi sekarang perlumbaan kereta sukan tidak termasuk klasik Itali, Targa Florio (1906-1977) dan Mille Miglia (1927-1957), dan Mexico Carrera Panamericana (1950-1954). Kebanyakan kelas kereta sukan kelas atas menekankan ketahanan (biasanya antara 2.5-24 jam), kebolehpercayaan, dan strategi, berbanding kelajuan tulen. Perlumbaan yang lebih panjang biasanya melibatkan strategi lubang kompleks dan perubahan pemandu biasa. Akibatnya, lumba kereta sukan dilihat sebagai usaha pasukan daripada sukan individu, dengan pengurus pasukan seperti John Wyer, Tom Walkinshaw, pembina yang dibina-pembina Henri Pescarolo, Peter Sauber dan Reinhold Joest menjadi hampir terkenal sebagai sebahagian daripada pemandu mereka.
Martabat kereta bersejarah tersendiri seperti Porsche, Audi,[2] Corvette, Ferrari, Jaguar, Bentley, Aston Martin, Lotus, Maserati, Lamborghini, Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Mercedes-Benz, dan BMW dibina sebahagian daripada kejayaan dalam lumba kereta sukan dan Kejohanan Sportscar Dunia. Kereta jalan raya pembuat kereta ini sering kali hampir sama dalam bidang kejuruteraan dan gaya untuk mereka yang berlumba-lumba. Hubungan rapat dengan sifat 'eksotik' kereta ini berfungsi sebagai perbezaan yang berguna antara perlumbaan kereta sukan dan kereta tur.[perlu rujukan]
12 Jam Sebring, 24 Jam Daytona, dan 24 Jam Le Mans pernah dianggap sebagai trifecta perlumbaan kereta sukan. Pemandu Ken Miles akan menjadi satu-satunya yang berjaya memenangi ketiga-tiganya pada tahun yang sama tetapi untuk kesilapan dalam perintah pasukan Ford GT40 di Le Mans pada tahun 1966 yang menanggung kemenangannya walaupun tamat pertama.
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Hough, Richard Alexander (1961). A History of the World's Sports Cars. London - George Allen and Unwin Ltd. m/s. 23. OCLC 907907085.
- ^ "Archived copy". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2017-12-01. Dicapai pada 2017-11-29. Unknown parameter
|dead-url=ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
Bibliografi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Denis Jenkinson, "Automobile Year Book Of Sports Car Racing" (photographic history of sports car racing from the early 1950s to the 1970s)
- János Wimpffen, "Time and Two Seats" – 2 vols. Extensive history of World Championship sports car racing from 1952 to the late 1990s.
- János Wimpffen, "Open Roads And Front Engines" – a photographic companion to the above, covering the early 50s-early 60s.
- János Wimpffen, "Winged Sports Cars and Enduring Innovation" – a sequel to the above covering the early 60s-early 70s.
- János Wimpffen, "Spyders and Silhouettes" – a sequel to the above covering the early 70s-early 80s.
- John Wyer, "The Certain Sound" – memoirs of Aston Martin and Ford GT40 team manager
- Chris Nixon, "Racing With The David Brown Aston Martins", 2 vols.
- Anthony Pritchard, "Sports Racing Cars" – profiles of 25 sports racers through history.
- Brooklands Books, "Le Mans" – 5 volumes of contemporary race reports
- Brooklands Books, "Mille Miglia" – 2 volumes of contemporary race reports
- Brooklands Books, "Targa Florio" – 5 volumes of contemporary race reports
- Brooklands Books, "Carrera Panamericana" – 1 volume of contemporary race reports
- Ian Briggs, "Endurance Racing 1982–1991" – the Group C and IMSA GTP years, race by race.
- Michael Cotton, "Directory of World Sports Cars" – IMSA and GpC car histories outlined in detail.
- Andrew Whyte, "Jaguar: Sports Racing and Works Competition Cars" – 2 vols. Authoritative history of the marque.
- Ian Bamsey, ed. "Super Sports: The 220 mph (350 km/j) Le Mans Cars" – technical summary of large-capacity coupés.
- Chris Nixon – "Sports Car Heaven" – Aston Martin vs Ferrari
- Karl Ludvigsen – "Quicksilver Century" – competition history of Mercedes-Benz
- Karl Ludvigsen – "Porsche: Excellence Was Expected" (3 vols) – extensive history of Porsche
- Vic Elford, "Reflections on a Golden Era of Motorsport" – covers Vic's rallying, single seater and mostly sports car career in depth.
- Norbert Singer, "24:16" – his role in Porsche's Le Mans wins
- John Horsman, "Racing In The Rain", an account of his engineering career with Aston Martin, John Wyer and Mirage.
- Curami/Vergnano, "'La Sport' e i suoi artigiani" – Italian domestic sports car competition from the 1930s–1960s and the 'specials' that competed in it.
- J. A. Martin & Ken Wells, "Prototypes: The History of the IMSA GTP Series" – team by team account of various racing teams and manufacturers that competed in the top flight IMSA series.
- Mike Fuller & J. A. Martin, "Inside IMSA's Legendary GTP Race Cars: The Prototype Experience", ISBN 0-7603-3069-7, Motorbooks International, 25 April 2008. Technical and historical overview of IMSA GTP racers