Pengguna:Aimwin66166/Kotak pasir/Dibatag
Ciri-Ciri
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Dibatag ialah antelop bersaiz sederhana dengan badan ramping serta leher dan kaki yang panjang. Julat ukuran kepala ke badan ialah antara 103 hingga 117 cm (41 hingga 46 in). Ketingiannya ialah diantara 80 hingga 90 cm (31 hingga 35 in) pada paras bahu. Dibatag jantan mempunyai jisim diantara 20 dan 35 kg (44 dan 77 lb), manakala yang betina pula diantara 22 dan 29 kg (49 dan 64 lb). Ekor panjang dan gelapnya berakhir dengan rambu membulat dan mempunyai kepanjangan menghampiri 30 hingga 36 cm (12 hingga 14 in). Tanduk melengkung yang menyerupai reedbuck hanya wujud pada jantan dengan bahagian hujungnya menghadap kehadapan. Panjang tanduk biasanya diantara 10 dan 25 cm (3.9 dan 9.8 in), namun Rowland Ward pernah merekodkan panjang tanduk 33 cm (13 in) dari spesimen dari Somalia.[1]
This antelope is sexually dimorphic, because females tend to be smaller than males and lack horns.[2]
Dibatag mempunyai kepala kecil, berbentuk baji dengan mata besar dan telinga bersaiz sederhana. Spesis ini menyerupai gazel pada struktur hitam dan bercabang didalam telinganya. Mulutnya amat kecil dan bibir atas sedikit memanjang, serta wujud penandaan muka yang menyerupai seekor gazel. Belang perang hadir dari crown hingga ke hidung, dan diapit dengan belang putih di kedua-dua sisi yang mengelilingi mata. Bintik putih menandakan tekaknya.
The soft and smooth coat is gray to fawn in the upper parts.
The ventral side, rump and the insides of the legs are completely white, and the flanks and the buttocks are unmarked.[1][3]
Dibatag menyerupai gerenuk,
with which it is sympatric in eastern and central Somalia and southeastern Ethiopia.
Both are brachyodonts and share several facial and cranial features, along with a two-tone coloration of the pelage and strong thick horns (only in males).[1]
However, there are also some features distinguishing it from the gerenuk, including major morphological differences in horns, horn cores, tail, postorbital area and basioccipital processes.
The gerenuk has a longer, heavier neck and a shorter tail.[2]
A finer point of difference is the absence of an inward-curving lobe in the lower edge of the ear (near its tip) in the gerenuk.[1]
Ecology and behavior
[sunting | sunting sumber]Dibatag are diurnal animals (they are active in the daytime).
They navigate either in solitude or in very small herds, resembling the social behavior of the gerenuk.
Singles and pairs are most common, though groups of up to six individuals have been reported.[1][2]
Generally groups of over four individuals are rarely observed.
The reaction of dibatag towards gerenuk is obscure, with there being reports of their loose associations as well as avoidance of each other.
These territorial animals may maintain temporary territories demarcated by preorbital gland secretions, urine or feces.
They defecate at fixed points and form dung piles.[1]
Males fight one another to defend their territory.[3]
Sparring is a notable part of fighting behavior: one male pushes and shoves against the neck and horns of the opponent, trying to throw him off balance.[2]
The stance is head down with the nose tucked between the forelegs for protection.[3]
Dibatags are well adapted to semi-arid habitats, with the capability of surviving on very little or no water.
They meet most water requirements only from food.
Their long neck and limbs enable them to place their forelegs on branches and reach higher branches.
The brown pelage helps them hide in bushes.
Alert and secretive, the dibatag hides in vegetation and remains motionless while watching for possible threats.
When alarmed it flees in a slow and relaxed manner with the neck upright and tail erect.
The antelope may even resort to stotting (a behavior particular to the gazelles), a kind of leaping with all four limbs in the air, but this gait is most often used during play.
It gallops only when in real danger.
Predators include the cheetah, lion, spotted hyaena, black-backed jackal, caracal, Cape hunting dog and large eagles. Eagles usually target juveniles.[1][2]
Diet
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The dibatag is a typical browser, whose diet consists of foliage and young shoots and shrubs. It limits itself to a small area for foraging. Dibatag have hardly been observed drinking water in the wild. The elongated upper lip assists in the ingestion of thorny vegetation, while leaves are plucked off by the front teeth and mobile lips. They prefer Commiphora, Acacia, Boscia, Dichrostachys and Maerua species. They often gather in areas with leafy Commiphora stands due to the high water content of their leaves and shoots. In the rainy season, young soft grasses are preferred, while in the dry season they feed on fry fruits, flowers, buds, shrubs, and tall herbs. They choose a wide variety of species for browsing, hence no clear diet specialization is identified.[1]
Reproduction
[sunting | sunting sumber]Both sexes attain sexual maturity at 12 to 18 months. The species is polygynous.[3] Rutting appears to be related to the onset of the wet season in several parts of the range. Observations in the Naples Zoo show many similarities between the courtship behavior of the dibatag and that of the gerenuk. The male dibatag pursues the female; during the march his body is upright and the nose is held high. The male uses preorbital gland secretions to mark the female on her chest and rump. Flehmen, leg-tapping, urine testing and nosing of female genitalia are notable features of the courtship. Once in close contact with the female, he slowly raises his foreleg between her hindlegs; this is followed by copulation.[1]
After a gestational period of six to seven months, a single offspring is born. Parturition usually occurs from September to November, though births have been reported even in June and July. The infant remains in hiding for one or two weeks, with its mother close by. No further information on parental care is available. The lifespan of a dibatag averages 10 to 12 years.[1][3]
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernamakingdon - ^ a b c d e Castelló, J.R. (2016). Bovids of the World: Antelopes, Gazelles, Cattle, Goats, Sheep, and Relatives. Princeton University Press. m/s. 162–63. ISBN 978-0-691-16717-6.
- ^ a b c d e Derrig, J.B. "Ammodorcas clarkei (dibatag)". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Dicapai pada 18 January 2016.
Pautan Luar
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