Kawalan kestabilan elektronik
Kawalan kestabilan elektronik (Inggeris:Electronic stability control atau disebut ESP) merupakan sebuah teknologi terkomputerisasi [1][2] yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keamanan dari sisi pengendalian kereta dengan cara mengesan dan meminimumkan slip. Ketika kawalan ini mengesan adanya kehilangan kawalan pengendalian, maka dengan secara automatik sistem ini akan membantu brek untuk mengendalikan kereta. Sistem brek langsung berjalan ke arah setiap roda, brek roda hadapan akan menghalang oversteer dan brek roda belakang mencegah understeer. Kadangkala, sistem ini juga mengurangkan tenaga mesin sehingga keretanya kembali terkawal. Berdasarkan IIHS dan NHTSA (agensi peraturan keselamatan automotif AS), satu pertiga daripada keseluruhan kemalangan maut dapat dielakkan melalui teknologi ini.[3][4]
Nama Produk
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kawalan kestabilan elektronik adalah nama umum yang dikenali oleh Persatuan Pengilang Automobil Eropah (ACEA), Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) (Amerika Utara), Persatuan Pengilang Automobil Jepun, dan lembaga dunia lainnya. Walaupun begitu, setiap kilang automotif mempunyai nama masing-masing untuk kawalan kestabilan ini:
- Acura: Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA)
- Alfa Romeo: Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
- Audi: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Bentley: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- BMW: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) (termasuk Dynamic Traction Control)
- Bugatti: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Buick: StabiliTrak
- Cadillac: StabiliTrak & Active Front Steering (AFS)
- Chery: Electronic Stability Program
- Chevrolet: StabiliTrak; Active Handling (hanya Corvette)
- Chrysler: Electronic Stability Program(ESP)
- Citroën: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Dodge: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Daimler: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Fiat: Electronic Stability Program (ESP) dan Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
- Ferrari: Controllo Stabilità (CST)
- Ford: AdvanceTrac with Roll Stability Control (RSC) dan Interactive Vehicle Dynamics (IVD) dan Electronic Stability Program (ESP); Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) (Australia)
- General Motors: StabiliTrak
- Honda: Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA)
- Holden: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Hyundai: Electronic Stability Program (ESP), Electronic Stability Control (ESC), dan Vehicle Stability Assist (VSA)
- Infiniti: Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
- Jaguar: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
- Jeep: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Kia: Electronic Stability Control (ESC)' dan 'Electronic Stability Program (ESP)'
- Lamborghini: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Land Rover: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
- Lexus: Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM) dengan Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)
- Lincoln: AdvanceTrac
- Maserati: Maserati Stability Program (MSP)
- Mazda: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC) (termasuk Dynamic Traction Control)
- Mercedes-Benz (co-inventor): Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Mercury: AdvanceTrac
- MINI: Dynamic Stability Control
- Mitsubishi: Active Skid and Traction Control MULTIMODE dan Active Stability Control (ASC)
- Nissan: Vehicle Dynamic Control (VDC)
- Oldsmobile: Precision Control System (PCS)
- Opel: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Peugeot: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Pontiac: StabiliTrak
- Porsche: Porsche Stability Management (PSM)
- Proton: Electronic Stability Program
- Renault: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Rover Group: Dynamic Stability Control (DSC)
- Saab: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Saturn: StabiliTrak
- Scania: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)[5]
- SEAT: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Škoda: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Smart: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Subaru: Vehicle Dynamics Control (VDC)
- Suzuki: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Toyota: Either Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) -atau- Vehicle Dynamics Integrated Management (VDIM)
- Vauxhall: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
- Volvo: Dynamic Stability and Traction Control (DSTC)
- Volkswagen: Electronic Stability Program (ESP)
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ [A. T. van Zanten, "Bosch ESP Systems: 5 years of Experience", SAE 2000-01-1633]
- ^ [E. K. Liebemann, K. Meder, J. Schuh and G. Nenninger, "Safety and Performance Enhancement: the Bosch Electronic Stability Control (ESP)." SAE 2004-21-0060.]
- ^ ""Electronic stability control could prevent nearly one-third of all fatal crashes and reduce rollover risk by as much as 80%; effect is found on single- and multiple-vehicle crashes," IIHS News release, 2006". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2013-05-25. Dicapai pada 2013-04-13.
- ^ "Jennifer N. Dang, "PRELIMINARY RESULTS ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ELECTRONIC STABILITY CONTROL(ESC) SYSTEMS," DOT HS 809 790, 2004". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-05-11. Dicapai pada 2013-04-13.
- ^ "SCANIA - Electronic Stability Program (ESP)". Scania (Great Britain) Limited. Scania.co.uk. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2012-06-15. Dicapai pada 5 October 2009.
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bosch ESC Information Diarkibkan 2008-06-12 di Wayback Machine
- ChooseESC! a combined initiative from the European Commission, eSafetyAware, and Euro NCAP
- E-Safety list of ESC Media Articles from eSafety Support
- NHTSA on ESC including US Regulation and list of US vehicles with ESC Diarkibkan 2010-01-11 di Wayback Machine
- Canadian Association of Road Safety Professionals on ESC[pautan mati kekal]
- Transport Canada on ESC
- Australia (Victoria) on ESC Diarkibkan 2009-06-27 di Wayback Machine
- NHTSA announces mandatory ESC all light US vehicles by 2012
- Proposed Canadian ESC Law Diarkibkan 2007-12-26 di Wayback Machine