Triad (muzik)

Dalam muzik, triad ialah satu set tiga not (atau "kelas nada") yang boleh disusun secara menegak dalam kumpulan bertiga.^[1] Triad ialah kord yang paling biasa dalam muzik Barat.

Apabila disusun dalam kelompok bertiga, not menghasilkan triad. Ahli-ahli triad, daripada not terendah hingga tertinggi, dipanggil:^[1]

Not akar
- Nota: Penyongsangan tidak mengubah akar. (Nota ketiga atau kelima boleh menjadi not terendah.)
Not ketiga – selangnya di atas akar menjadi minor ketiga (tiga semiton) atau ketiga major (empat semiton)
Not kelima – selangnya di atas yang ketiga ialah minor atau major ketiga, maka selang di atas akar menjadi kelima berkurang (enam semiton), kelima sempurna (tujuh semiton), atau kelima ditambah (lapan semiton). Kelima sempurna ialah selang yang paling biasa digunakan di atas akar dalam muzik klasik, popular dan tradisional Barat.

Fungsi

Setiap triad yang terdapat dalam kunci diatonik (berasaskan skala tunggal) bersepadan dengan fungsi diatonik tertentu. Keharmonian fungsian cenderung banyak bergantung pada triad utama: triad yang dibina berdasarkan darjah tonik, subdominan dan dominan.^[2] Akar bagi triad ini ialah darjah pertama, keempat dan kelima (masing-masing) bagi skala diatonik, dan triad tersebut dilambangkan dengan I, IV dan V. Triad utama "menyatakan fungsi dengan jelas tanpa kekaburan."^[2] Triad lain dalam kekunci diatonik termasuk supertonik, median, submedian dan subtonik, dengan akarnya ialah darjah kedua, ketiga, keenam dan ketujuh (masing-masing) daripada skala diatonik, dilambangkan ii, iii, vi dan vii^o. Ia berfungsi sebagai triad sampingan atau sokongan kepada triad utama.

Rujukan

^ ^a ^b Ronald Pen, Introduction to Music (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992): 81. ISBN 0-07-038068-6. "A triad is a set of notes consisting of three notes built on successive intervals of a third. A triad can be constructed upon any note by adding alternating notes drawn from the scale. ... In each case the note that forms the foundation pitch is called the root, the middle tone of the triad is designated the third (because it is separated by the interval of a third from the root), and the top tone is referred to as the fifth (because it is a fifth away from the root)."
^ ^a ^b Daniel Harrison, Harmonic Function in Chromatic Music: A Renewed Dualist Theory and an Account of its Precedents (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994): 45. ISBN 0-226-31808-7. Cited on p. 274 of Deborah Rifkin, "A Theory of Motives for Prokofiev's Music", Music Theory Spectrum 26, no. 2 (2004): 265–289.

[Pen-1] Ronald Pen, Introduction to Music (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1992): 81. ISBN 0-07-038068-6. "A triad is a set of notes consisting of three notes built on successive intervals of a third. A triad can be constructed upon any note by adding alternating notes drawn from the scale. ... In each case the note that forms the foundation pitch is called the root, the middle tone of the triad is designated the third (because it is separated by the interval of a third from the root), and the top tone is referred to as the fifth (because it is a fifth away from the root)."

[Harrison-2] Daniel Harrison, Harmonic Function in Chromatic Music: A Renewed Dualist Theory and an Account of its Precedents (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994): 45. ISBN 0-226-31808-7. Cited on p. 274 of Deborah Rifkin, "A Theory of Motives for Prokofiev's Music", Music Theory Spectrum 26, no. 2 (2004): 265–289.

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