Senarai Swadesh
Senarai Swadesh (Sebutan bahasa Melayu: [swɔdɛʃ]) ialah suatu kompilasi klasik bagi konsep-konsep asasi untuk tujuan linguistik sejarawi-perbandingan. Terjemahan senarai Swadesh ke dalam satu set bahasa membolehkan penyelidik untuk mengkuantitikan kesalingkaitan bahasa-bahasa tersebut. Senarai Swadesh dinamai sempena ahli linguistik Amerika Syarikat, Morris Swadesh. Senarai ini digunakan dalam leksikostatistik (pentaksiran kuantitatif bagi keberkaitan genealogi bagi bahasa) dan glotokronologi (penarikhan pencapahan bahasa). Oleh sebab terdapat banyak senarai berlainan, sesetengah pengarang juga merujuk "senarai Swadesh".
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Glotokronologi
- Kajian Indo-Eropah
- Kata seasal
- Leksikostatistik
- Linguistik sejarawi
- Perbandingan leksikon besar-besaran
- Senarai Dolgopolsky
- Senarai Leipzig–Jakarta
- Bahasa proto
Catatan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Campbell, Lyle. (1998). Historical Linguistics: An Introduction. Edinburgh: Akhbar Universiti Edinburgh. ISBN 0-262-53267-0.
- Embleton, Sheila (1995). Ulasan bagi An Indo-European Classification: A Lexicostatistical Experiment oleh Isidore Dyen, J.B. Kruskal dan P.Black. TAPS Monograph 82–5, Philadelphia. in Diachronica Jil. 12, bil. 2, 263–68.
- Gudschinsky, Sarah. (1956). "The ABCs of Lexicostatistics (Glottochronology)." Word, Jil. 12, 175–210.
- Hoijer, Harry. (1956). "Lexicostatistics: A Critique." Language, Jil. 32, 49–60.
- Holm, Hans J. (2007). "The New Arboretum of Indo-European 'Trees': Can New Algorithms Reveal the Phylogeny and Even Prehistory of Indo-European?" Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, Jil. 14, 167–214.
- Holman, Wichmann, Brown, Velupillai, Müller, Bakker (2008). "Explorations in Automated Language Classification". Folia Linguistica, Jil. 42, bil. 2, 331–354
- Sankoff, David (1970). "On the Rate of Replacement of Word-Meaning Relationships." Language, Jil. 46, 564–569.
- Starostin, Sergei (1991). Altajskaja Problema i Proisxozhdenie Japonskogo Jazyka [The Altaic Problem and the Origin of the Japanese Language]. Moscow: Nauka
- Swadesh, Morris. (1950). "Salish Internal Relationships." International Journal of American Linguistics, Jil. 16, 157–167.
- Swadesh, Morris. (1952). "Lexicostatistic Dating of Prehistoric Ethnic Contacts." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Jil. 96, 452–463.
- Swadesh, Morris. (1955). "Towards Greater Accuracy in Lexicostatistic Dating." International Journal of American Linguistics, Jil. 21, 121–137.
- Swadesh, Morris. (1971). The Origin and Diversification of Language. Ed. post mortem oleh Joel Sherzer. Chicago: Aldine. ISBN 0-202-01001-5. Mengandungi senarai 100 patah kata terakhir di hlm. 283.
- Swadesh, Morris, et al. (1972). "What is Glottochronology?" in Morris Swadesh dan Joel Sherzer, ed., The Origin and Diversification of Language, hlm. 271–284. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-202-30841-3.
- Wittmann, Henri (1973). "The Lexicostatistical Classification of the French-Based Creole Languages." Lexicostatistics in Genetic Linguistics: Proceedings of the Yale Conference, April 3–4, 1971, dir. Isidore Dyen, 89–99. La Haye: Mouton.[1]
Pautan luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Lexico-semantic universals: A critical overview (Inggeris)
- Rosetta project (Inggeris)
- Swadesh Lists of Brazilian Native Languages (Inggeris)