Saudah binti Zam'ah
| Isteri-isteri Nabi Muhammad |
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Saudah binti Zam'ah (Arab: سودة بنت زمعة dengan gelaran Saidatina Saudah binti Zam'ah al-Amiriyah al-Quraisiyah radhiallahu 'anha) ialah isteri Nabi Muhammad s.a.w., dan dianggap oleh orang Islam sebagai Ibu Orang Beriman.
Biography
[sunting | sunting sumber]Her father, Zam'ah ibn Qays, came from the tribe of Amir ibn Luayy from Bani Quraish in Makkah . Her mother, Al-Shamus binti Qays, from the Najjar tribe from the Bani Khazraj tribe in Medina . She ma
arried As-Sakran ibn Amr. They had a son, Abdur Rahman ibn Sakran, who was killed in the Jalulah War in 637 AD.
Penghijrahan ke Habsyah
[sunting | sunting sumber]Saudah dan As-Sakran berhijrah ke Habsyah[1] atas arahan baginda Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. As-Sakran menuju ke Habsyah melalui jalan laut bersama Waqqas. Mereka pulang ke Makkah, yang kemudiannya As-Sakran meninggal dunia.[2]
Marriage with the Prophet SAW
[sunting | sunting sumber]Saudah bint Zam'ah, who became the first woman to migrate to Abyssinia in the way of God. After the death of her husband, she lived with her elderly father. She is said to be a tall and large woman, with good morals and cheerful, suitable to look after the household of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him
So, Prophet Muhammad gave permission for Khaulah bint Hakim to speak to Abu Bakr ra and Saudah about the matter. Khaula went straight to Saudah and said, "Do you want God to grant you a great mercy, O Saudah?" Having asked, "And what is that, O Khaulah?" She replied, "The Messenger of God has sent me to propose to you!" Saudah tried to hold back despite feeling too excited and replied in a trembling voice, "I like it! Go to my father and tell him this." Khaula went to Zam'ah, an elderly man, greeted him and then said, "Muhammad son of Abdullah son of Abdul Muttalib, has sent me to ask Saudah to marry him." The old man said loudly, "Sekufu and noble. What did Saudah say?" Khaulah replied, "She likes it." He told Khaulah to call Saudah. When Saudah arrived, he said, "Saudah, this woman claims that Muhammad, the son of Abdullah, the son of Abdul Muttalib, has come to propose to you. He is as noble and honorable as you. Do you want me to marry him?" He agreed, feeling it was a great honor.
Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him married Saudah in the month of Ramadan in the tenth year after his prophethood (ie, in April/May 620), several years after the death of Khadijah ra . According to Ibn Sa'd, Saudah died in the year 54 Hijrah. If she lived to be in his eighties, she is said to have married the king at the age of 27. If he reached 90, then he married at the age of no more than 37 years, which at that time he was 50 years old.
Having settled with the family of the Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him and taking care of the household affairs and his daughters while Aisyah bint Abu Bakar who had just been engaged to him was still living in her father's house. This surprised the people of Makkah that his majesty married an old and beautiful widow. Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him, however, still remembers the painful test that Saudah endured when he migrated to Abyssinia, leaving his home and possessions, crossing the desert and the sea to go to an unknown country just to defend his religion.
After the Hijrah , the Muslim community began to grow rapidly.
After Aisyah entered his majesty's household, the two became close. In fact, Aisyah always mentioned the goodness of Saudah and modeled her good attitude. Aisha once said:
There is no woman that I like the most so that I have qualities like her, no woman that I want to be her more than Saudah because of her determination and the strength of her soul. —HR Muslim, Nasa'i, Baihaqi and Ibnu Majah
When approaching old age, he worried that Saudah would feel disappointed or sad because he had to care for his other wives who were older and offered him a divorce. He who does not want that said he is willing to hand over his night to Aisyah, whom he also loves, because she wants to be his wife on Resurrection Day . This is also narrated by Aisyah:
When he was old, he gave his share of the night with the Prophet to Aisha. —HR Muslim in Ar-Radha', 10/48 (1463)
Maka, Nabi Muhammad memberi keizinan untuk Khaulah binti Hakim untuk bercakap kepada Abu Bakar r.a. dan Saudah tentang perkara itu. Khaulah terus ke Saudah dan berkata, "Mahukah kamu dikurniakan Allah suatu rahmat yang besar, wahai Saudah?" Saudah bertanya, "Dan apakah itu, wahai Khaulah?" Dia menjawab, "Rasulullah telah menghantar aku untuk meminangmu!" Saudah cuba menahan diri walaupun berasa terlalu teruja dan membalas dengan suara yang bergetar, "Saya menyukainya! Pergilah kepada bapaku dan beritahu dia hal ini." Khaulah menuju ke Zam'ah, seorang tua yang cengil, memberinya salam dan kemudian berkata, "Muhammad anak kepada Abdullah anak kepada Abdul Muttalib, telah menghantarku bertanya Saudah untuk dikahwininya." Orang tua itu dengan lantang berkata, "Sekufu dan mulia. Apa yang dikatakan Saudah?" Khaulah menjawab, "Dia menyukainya." Dia menyuruh Khaulah memanggil Saudah. Apabila Saudah tiba, dia berkata, "Saudah, wanita ini mendakwa yang Muhammad anak kepada Abdullah anak kepada Abdul Muttalib telah masuk meminangmu. Dia sekufu dan mulia. Mahukah kamu aku kahwinkan dengannya?" Dia bersetuju, merasakan ia satu penghormatan yang sangat besar.[3]
Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. menikahi Saudah pada bulan Ramadhan tahun kesepuluh selepas kenabian baginda (i.e., in April/May 620), beberapa tahun selepas kewafatan Khadijah r.a..[4] Menurut Ibn Sa’d, Saudah wafat pada tahun 54 Hijrah. Jika beliau hidup sehinga lapan puluhan tahun, beliau dikatakan mengahwini baginda pada usia 27. Jika beliau mencecah 90, maka beliau berkahwi pada usia tidak lebih 37 tahun yang ketika itu baginda berusia 50 tahun. [5]
Saudah menetap bersama keluarga Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. dan menjaga urusan rumahtangga dan anak-anak perempuan baginda sementara Aisyah binti Abu Bakar yang baru ditunangkan dengan baginda masih tinggal di rumah ayahandanya. Hal tersebut mengejutkan warga Makkah yang baginda mengahwini janda yang sudah berusia mahupun jelita. Nabi Muhammad s.a.w., walau bagaimanapun, masih ingat ujian perit yang ditanggung Saudah ketika berhijrah ke Habsyah, meninggalkan rumah dan harta, merentasi padang pasir dan laut untuk ke negara yang tidak dikenali semata-mata ingin mempertahankan agamanya.[3]
Selepas Hijrah, masyarakat Islam mula berkembang pesat.[3]
Selepas Aisyah memasuki rumahtangga baginda, kedua-duanya menjadi rapat. Malah, Aisyah selalu menyebutkan kebaikan Saudah dan mencontoh sikapnya yang baik. Aisyah pernah menyebut:
Apabila menjelang usia tua, baginda risau Saudah akan berasa kecewa atau sedih kerana harus menyangi isteri-isteri baginda yang lain yang lebih tua dan menawarkan beliau perceraian. Beliau yang tidak mahu hal begitu berkata beliau sanggup untuk menyerahkan bahagian malamnya kepada Aisyah, yang juga disayanginya, kerana dia mahu menjadi isteri baginda pada Hari Kebangkitan nanti.[3] Hal ini turut dikisahkan oleh Aisyah:
Usia lanjut
[sunting | sunting sumber]Dikhabarkan, selepas Nabi Muhammad s.a.w. wafat, ketika bergelar Amirul Mukminin, Umar bin Al-Khattab r.a. telah mengirim seuncang wang dirham Saudah binti Zam'ah sebagaimana dilakukannya kepada semua isteri-isteri baginda. Walau bagaimanapun, Saudah memanggil pembantu perempuannya untuk membawakan talam, lalu memisah-misahkan dirham itu dan mendermakan semua dirham itu tanpa sebarang baki untuk dirinya.
Sepanjang hujung usianya, beliau lebih banyak beribadah dan masih menjalinkan hubungan rapat dengan Aisyah.[3] Beliau wafat di Madinah sekitar September atau Oktober 674.[4]
Khalifah Muawiyah I, khalifah pertama bagi Kerajaan Bani Umaiyah, kemudiannya membeli rumah beliau di Madinah dengan harga 180,000 dirham.
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ Tabari, Tarikh al-Rusul wa’l Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Biographies of the Prophet’s Companions and Their Successors vol. 39 p. 169. New York: SUNY Press.
- ^ Tabari, Tarikh al-Rusul wa’l Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Biographies of the Prophet’s Companions and Their Successors vol. 39 pp. 169-170. New York: SUNY Press.
- ^ a b c d e Ibn Kathir, Wives of the Prophet Muhammad (SAW).
- ^ a b Tabari, Tarikh al-Rusul wa’l Muluk. Translated by Landau-Tasseron, E. (1998). Biographies of the Prophet’s Companions and Their Successors vol. 39 p. 170. New York: SUNY Press.
- ^ Ibn Sa'd, Tabaqat Vol.8 page 56. Persian translation by Dr. Mohammad Mahdavi Damghani. (1982). Tehran Iran Farhang va Andiheh Publications.