Poligraf

Pecipta Amerika Leonarde Keeler (1903–1949) menguji pengesan pembohongan dipertingkat pada Dr. Kohler, seorang bekas saksi bagi pendakwaraya pada perbicaraan 1935 Bruno Hauptmann.

Poligraf, secara popular dikenali sebagai pengesan bohong, mengukur dan merekod beberapa petunjuk fisiologi seperti tekanan darah, denyutan, pernafasan, dan kekonduksian kulit ketika subjek ditanya dan menjawab siri soalan. Dasar penggunaan poligraf adalah jawapan mengelirukan akan menghasilkan tindak balas fisiologi yang boleh dibezakan dari yang dikaitkan dengan jawapan tidak mengelirukan; poligraf adalah satu dari beberapa peranti yang digunakan bagi mengesan pembohongan.

Poligraf dicipta pada tahun 1921 oleh John Augustus Larson, seorang pelajar perubatan di Universiti California di Berkeley dan pegawai polis di Jabatan Polis Berkeley di Berkeley, California. Polygraf masuk dalam senarai Encyclopædia Britannica ciptaan terhebat, menggambarkan ciptaan ini sebagai "memiliki kesan besar pada kehidupan manusia sama ada lebih baik atau sebaliknya."

Bacaan lanjut

• Aftergood, Steven. "Polygraph Testing and the DOE National Laboratories." (Essays on Science and Society) Science. 3 November 2000: Vol. 290 no. 5493 pp. 939–940 DOI: 10.1126/science.290.5493.939.
• Alder, Ken (2007). The Lie Detectors. New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-5988-2.
• Bunn, Geoffrey C. The Truth Machine: A Social History of the Lie Detector (Johns Hopkins University Press; 2012) 256 pages
• Blinkhorn, S. (1988) "Lie Detection as a psychometric procedure" In "The Polygraph Test" (Gale, A. ed. 1988) 29-39.
• Cumming, Alfred (Specialist in Intelligence and National Security). "Polygraph Use by the Department of Energy: Issues for Congress." (Archive) Congressional Research Service. February 9, 2009.
• Jones, Ishmael (2008). The Human Factor: Inside the CIA's Dysfunctional Intelligence Culture. New York: Encounter Books. ISBN 978-1-59403-382-7.
• Maschke, G.W. & Scalabrini, G.J. (2005) The Lie Behind the Lie Detector. 3rd ed. Available on-line at http://antipolygraph.org.
• Lykken, David (1998). A Tremor in the Blood. New York: Plenum Trade. ISBN 0-306-45782-2.
• McCarthy, Susan. "Passing the polygraph." Salon. March 2, 2000.
• Roese, N. J.; Jamieson, D. W. (1993). "Twenty years of bogus pipeline research: A critical review and meta-analysis". Psychological Bulletin. 114 (2): 363–375. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.114.2.363.
• Sullivan, John (2007). Gatekeeper. Potomac Books Inc. ISBN 1-59797-045-X.
• Taylor, Marisa (Tish Wells contributed). "Feds expand polygraph screening, often seeking intimate facts." McClatchy. Thursday December 6, 2012.
• Woodrow, Michael J. "The Truth about the Psychophysiological Detection of Deception Examination 3rd Edition" Lulu Press. Ny, NY ISBN 978-1-105-89546-3

Pautan luar

• Police Polygraph Test Information
• American Polygraph Association
• AntiPolygraph.org, a website critical of polygraphy
• History of the Polygraph Diarkibkan 2009-09-30 di Wayback Machine by Jim Fisher
• Interviewing with an Intelligence Agency First person account of NSA interview (including polygraph)
• The Polygraph Museum Historical photographs and descriptions of polygraph instruments.
• Technology of Truth by Ken Alder. Magazine article about the history of the lie detector.
• The North American Polygraph and Psychophysiology: Disinterested, Uninterested, and Interested Perspectives Diarkibkan 2007-06-10 di Wayback Machine by John J. Furedy, International Journal of Psychophysiology, Spring/Summer 1996
• Trial By Ordeal? Polygraph Testing In Australia
• New U.S. weapon: Hand-held lie detector, MSNBC April 9, 2008.
• "Thought Wave Lie Detector Measures Current in Nerves" Popular Mechanics, July 1937
• Mikkelson, B (2000). "Next case on the Legal Colander". Urban Legends Reference Page, Snopes.com.