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Muhammad Ali dari Mesir

Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.
Muhammad Ali Pasha
Mehmet Ali Pasha
Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa
محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا
محمد علي باشا
Wāli Mesir, Sudan, Sham, Hejaz, Morea, Thasos, Kriti
Sebuah potret Muhammad Ali Pasha pada tahun 1840 karya oleh Auguste Couder
Pemerintahan17 Mei 1805 – 2 Mac 1848
Didahului olehAhmad Khurshid Pasha
Diikuti olehIbrahim Pasha
Keputeraan4 Mac 1769
Kavala, Makedonia, Eyalet Rumeli, Empayar Uthmaniyah (kini di Yunani)
Kemangkatan2 Ogos 1849(1849-08-02) (umur 80)
Istana Ras el-Tin, Iskandariyah, Eyalet Mesir, Empayar Uthmaniyah (kini di Mesir)
PemakamanMasjid Muhammad Ali, Cairo Citadel, Mesir
Isteri
  • Emina dari Nosratli
  • Shams uz-Zafar
  • Nuraj
  • Shams-i-Nur
  • Zepha
  • Mah-Duran
  • Khadija Ziba
  • Mumtaz
  • Shama Nour
AnakandaTevhida
Ibrahim Pasha
Tusun Pasha
Isma'il
Hatice (a.k.a. Nazli)
Sa'id Pasha
Hassan
Ali Sadik Bey
Muhammad Abdel Halim
Muhammad Ali yang Muda
Fatma al-Ruhiya
Zeinab
Bahasa AlbaniaMehmet Ali Pasha
Bahasa Arabمحمد علي باشا
Bahasa TurkiKavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa
Bahasa Turki Uthmaniyahمحمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا
WangsaDinasti Muhammad Ali
AyahandaIbrahim Agha
BondaZeinab
AgamaIslam Bektashi, Islam Alevi

Muhammad[a] Ali Pasha al-Mas'yd ibn Agha (Bahasa Turki Uthmaniyah: محمد علی پاشا المسعود بن آغا; محمد علي باشا / ALA-LC: Muḥammad 'Alī Bāshā; albania: Mehmet Ali Pasha; turki: Kavalalı Mehmet Ali Paşa;[2] 4 Mac 1769 – 2 Ogos 1849) adalah seorang komander tentera Uthmaniyah berbangsa Albania yang dinaikkan pangkat menjadi Pasha, kemudiannya menjadi Wāli, dan seterusnya mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai Khadiwah Mesir dan Sudan. Beliau dianggap sebagai bapa Mesir moden atas langkah-langkah pembaharuan yang dilakukan ke atas negara tersebut dari segi ketenteraan, ekonomi dan budaya. Dinasti yang diasaskan oleh beliau memerintah kawasan hulu dan hilir Mesir serta Sudan sehinggalah kerajaan tersebut digulingkan pada 1952.

  1. ^ The spelling of Muhammad Ali's first name in both Arabic, and Ottoman Turkish was consistent: محمد (Muhammad). This is the name by which he was known to his Egyptian subjects, and the name used uniformly in Egyptian, and Arab historical scholarship. However, given his original status as a commander in the Ottoman military, his first name is often rendered as Mehmed, which is the standard rendition of that name in Ottoman Turkish, or Mehmet in Albanian and Modern Turkish. Current English-language historical scholarship is divided as to which is preferable, with the majority opinion favoring the former. Typically, historians accentuating the Egyptian character of his rule opt for 'Muhammad', whilst those accentuating the Ottoman character opt for 'Mehmed' or 'Mehmet'. This distinction is an issue for those writing in the Latin alphabet, but not in Arabic.[1]
  1. ^ Khalid Fahmy (1998). All the Pasha's Men: Mehmed Ali, his Army and the Making of Modern Egypt. Cambridge University Press.
  2. ^ Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine January–June 1841 (indexed by Google Books)