Misegenasi

Misegenasi [mi-sé-gé-na-si; dari perkataan b. Latin miscere "bercampur" + genus "jenis"] merupakan percampuran kumpulan kaum yang berlainan melalui perkahwinan, kesedudukan atau hubungan seks. Disebabkan sejarah kegunaan istilah dalam konteks yang tidak menggalakkan, istilah jelas yang lebih berkecuali seperti antara ras, interethnic, ataru merentasu budaya adalah lebih biasa digunakan pada pengunaan semasa.

Istilah Misegenasi telah digunakan sejak kurun ke-19 untuk merujuk pada perkahwinan antara kaum dan hubungan seksual antara kaum, dal secara umumnya bagi proses percampuran genetik. Dalam sejarah, istilah ini telah digunakan dalam konteks pengharaman undang-undang bagi perkahwinan dan seksual campur, dikenalu sebagai undang-undang anti-misegenasi. Istilah latin memasuki rekod sejarah semasa penjajahan Eropah dan Zaman Jumpaan ("Age of Discovery").

Bibliography

• Christina Miu Bing Cheng (1999). Macau: a cultural Janus. Hong Kong University Press. ISBN 962-209-486-4.
• João de Pina-Cabral (2002). Between China and Europe: person, culture and emotion in Macao. Volume 74 of London School of Economics monographs on social anthropology. Berg. ISBN 0-8264-5749-5.
• Leupp, Gary P. (2003). Interracial Intimacy in Japan. Continuum International Publishing Group. ISBN 0-8264-6074-7.
• Pan, Lynn (1994), Sons of the Yellow Emperor: A History of the Chinese Diaspora, Kodansha Globe, ISBN 978-1-56836-032-4

Sumber lain

• Cavanaugh-O'Keefe, John. (23 October 2000). The Roots of Racism and Abortion: An Exploration of Eugenics. Xlibris Corporation. m/s. 268. ISBN 0-7388-3089-5. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-05-19. Dicapai pada 2017-12-10. See esp. "Chapter Seven: Laws Against Mixing Races" Diarkibkan 2016-03-09 di Wayback Machine
• Croly, David Goodman (1864). Miscegenation, The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White Man and Negro. New York: H. Dexter, Hamilton & Co. ISBN 0-7388-3089-5.
• Deschamps, Bénédicte, Le racisme anti-italien aux États-Unis (1880–1940), in Exclure au nom de la race (États-Unis, Irlande, Grande-Bretagne), Michel Prum (Éd.). Paris: Syllepse, 2000. 59–81.
• Hodes, Martha, ed. "Miscegenation" (1998). Reader's Companion to U.S. Women's History. New York, Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-395-67173-6.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
• Jacobson, Matthew Frye, Whiteness of a different color. European Immigrants and the Alchemy of Race, Harvard University Press, 1998.
• Kaplan, S. (1949). "The Miscegenation Issue in the Election of 1864". The Journal of Negro History. 34 (3): 274–343. doi:10.2307/2715904. JSTOR 2715904.
• Lemire, Elise (July 2002). "Miscegenation": Making Race in America. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3664-5.
• Novkov, Julie, Racial union: law, intimacy, and the White state in Alabama, 1865–1954, University of Michigan Press, 2008, pp. 125–128.
• Novkov, J. (2002). "Racial Constructions: The Legal Regulation of Miscegenation in Alabama, 1890-1934". Law and History Review. 20 (2): 225–277. doi:10.2307/744035. JSTOR 744035.
• Pascoe, Peggy (19 April 2004). "Why the Ugly Rhetoric Against Gay Marriage Is Familiar to this Historian of Miscegenation". George Mason University's History News Network. Dicapai pada 14 July 2008.
• Rosenthal, Debra J. (2004). Race Mixture in Nineteenth-Century U.S and Spanish-American Fiction. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0-8078-5564-2.
• Werner Sollors, penyunting (19 October 2000). Interracialism: Black-White Intermarriage in American History, Literature, and Law (ed. Sollors, Werner). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512856-7.
• Tehranian, John, Whitewashed: America's invisible Middle Eastern minority, New York University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8147-8306-1
• Ubeysekara, Ruwan Nisantha, Questioning the Revival: White Ethnicities in the Racial Pentagon, PhD Thesis, University of Bath, 2008.

Pautan luar

• Explore Famous Interracial Couples and Other Race Relations Issues on the About.com Website.
• Perez v. Sharp Diarkibkan 2017-12-11 di Wayback Machine
• Historical Background on Miscegenation
• Ernest Ingersoll (1920). "Cross-Fertilization in Animals and in Man" . Encyclopedia Americana.