Hoki padang di Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas
Hoki padang di Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas | |
---|---|
Badan pentadbir | FIH |
Acara | 2 (lelaki: 1; wanita: 1) |
Sukan | |
| |
Hoki padang diperkenalkan di Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas sebagai pertandingan lelaki pada Sukan 1908 di London, dengan enam pasukan termasuk empat dari United Kingdom Great Britain dan Ireland.
Hoki telah dikeluarkan daripada Sukan Olimpik di Sukan 1924 Paris kerana kekurangan struktur sukan antarabangsa. Persekutuan Hoki Antarabangsa (FIH, Fédération Internationale de Hockey) ditubuhkan di Paris tahun itu sebagai tindak balas kepada peninggalan bidang hoki. Untuk hoki lelaki menjadi satu ciri kekal di Sukan Olimpik akan datang, Sukan 1928 di Amsterdam.
Bagi tempoh masa yang panjang, India menguasai Sukan Olimpik, memenangi pingat emas lelaki dalam tujuh daripada lapan Sukan Olimpik 1928-1964.
Sejak tahun 1968, beberapa pasukan dari seluruh dunia telah melihat kejayaan pingat emas pada Sukan Olimpik. Sejak tahun 1968, beberapa negara di Hemisfera Selatan telah memenangi pelbagai pingat dalam hoki lelaki dan wanita, termasuk Australia, New Zealand, Argentina dan Zimbabwe. Sekumpulan utama pasukan dari Hemisfera Utara telah datang dari Belanda dan dari Jerman.
Pada masa ini, Sepanyol telah muncul dalam kejohanan Olimpik lelaki yang paling banyak tanpa berjaya memenangi pingat emas lelaki, setelah memenangi perak tiga kali dalam 1980, 1996, 2008 dan gangsa sekali dalam 1960. Australia sebelum ini bertanding dalam Sukan Olimpik 11 tanpa memenangi emas sebelum berbuka coretan mereka di 2004.
Lelaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]Ringkasan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kemunculan pasukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pasukan | 1908 | 1920 | 1928 | 1932 | 1936 | 1948 | 1952 | 1956 | 1960 | 1964 | 1968 | 1972 | 1976 | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Jumlah | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | - | - | - | - | 6 | 8 | - | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | |
Argentina | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | 14 | 14 | 11 | - | - | 8 | 11 | 9 | 8 | 11 | - | 10 | 1 | 7 | 12 | |
Australia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 2 | - | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 2 | 16 | |
Austria | - | - | 9 | - | - | 8 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | |
Belgium | - | 3 | 4 | - | 9 | 5 | 9 | 7 | 11 | 11 | 9 | 10 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 15 | |
Brazil | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12 | - | 1 | |
Kanada | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13 | - | - | 10 | - | 12 | 11 | - | - | 10 | - | 10 | - | 11 | - | 7 | |
China | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | - | - | - | 1 | |
CIS | – | 10 | Defunct | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Cuba | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
Denmark | - | 2 | 5 | - | 10 | 11 | - | - | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | |
Jerman Timur | – | 11 | – | – | – | – | – | Defunct | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
Mesir | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12 | - | - | 12 | - | - | - | - | 2 | |
England | 1 | Sebahagian daripada Great Britain | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Finland | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
Perancis | 6 | 4 | 5 | - | 4 | 8 | 11 | - | 10 | - | 10 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | |
Great Britain | - | 1 | - | - | - | 2 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 9 | 12 | 6 | - | - | 3 | 1 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 9 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 5 | 18 | |
Jerman | 5 | - | 3 | - | 2 | - | 5 | - | 1 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||
Hong Kong | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
Hungary | - | - | - | - | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
India | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 7 | 1 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 7 | 7 | - | 12 | 8 | 3 | 21 | |
Ireland | 2 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | – | 2 | |
Itali | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | - | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | |
Jepun | - | - | - | 2 | 7 | - | - | - | 14 | 7 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | 6 | |
Kenya | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | 7 | 6 | 8 | 13 | - | - | 9 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 7 | |
Korea Selatan | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | - | 5 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 8 | - | - | 6 | |
Malaysia | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | - | 9 | 15 | 8 | 8 | - | 10 | - | 9 | 11 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | 9 | |
Mexico | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16 | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | |
Belanda | - | - | 2 | - | 3 | 3 | 2 | - | 9 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 4 | - | 6 | 3 | 4 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 19 | |
New Zealand | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | 5 | 13 | 7 | 9 | 1 | - | 7 | - | 8 | - | - | 6 | 7 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 13 | |
Pakistan | - | - | - | - | - | 4 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | - | 1 | 5 | 3 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 8 | 7 | - | - | 16 | |
Poland | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | - | 12 | - | - | 11 | - | 4 | - | - | - | - | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | |
Scotland | 3 | Sebahagian daripada Great Britain | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Singapura | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
Afrika Selatan | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 10 | - | 10 | 12 | 11 | - | 10 | 5 | |
Kesatuan Soviet# | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3 | - | 7 | - | 2 | ||||||||
Sepanyol | - | - | 7 | - | - | 11 | - | - | 3 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 8 | 9 | 5 | 2 | 9 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 8 | 18 | |
Switzerland | - | - | 7 | - | 5 | 5 | 7 | - | 15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 5 | |
Tanzania | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
Uganda | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
Jerman Bersatu | - | 3 | 7 | 5 | - | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Amerika Syarikat | - | - | - | 3 | 11 | 11 | - | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | - | - | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6 | |
Wales | 3 | - | 1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Jerman Barat | - | 4 | 1 | 5 | - | 2 | 2 | - | 5 | |||||||||||||||||
Zimbabwe | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | |
Jumlah | 6 | 4 | 9 | 3 | 11 | 13 | 12 | 12 | 16 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 11 | 6 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
- # = negeri yang mempunyai sejak berpecah kepada dua atau lebih negara-negara bebas
India adalah satu-satunya pasukan telah bertanding di hampir setiap Perlawanan Olimpik, kecuali hanya tiga edisi; 44 pasukan telah bertanding dalam sekurang-kurangnya satu Perlawanan Olimpik.
Wanita
[sunting | sunting sumber]Ringkasan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tahun | Tuan Rumah | Perlawanan Akhir | Penentuan Tempat Ketiga | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Juara | Jaringan | Naib Juara | Tempat Ketiga | Jaringan | Tempat Keempat | ||||
1980 Butiran |
Moscow |
Zimbabwe |
[5] | Czechoslovakia |
Kesatuan Soviet |
[5] | India | ||
1984 Butiran |
Los Angeles |
Belanda |
[6] | Jerman Barat |
Amerika Syarikat |
(10–5) (Penalti) [7] |
Australia | ||
1988 Butiran |
Seoul |
Australia |
2–0 | Korea Selatan |
Belanda |
3–1 | Great Britain | ||
1992 Butiran |
Barcelona |
Sepanyol |
2–1 (Masa tambahan) |
Jerman |
Great Britain |
4–3 | Korea Selatan | ||
1996 Butiran |
Atlanta |
Australia |
3–1 | Korea Selatan |
Belanda |
0–0 (4–3) (Penalti) |
Great Britain | ||
2000 Butiran |
Sydney |
Australia |
3–1 | Argentina |
Belanda |
2–0 | Sepanyol | ||
2004 Butiran |
Athens |
Jerman |
2–1 | Belanda |
Argentina |
1–0 | China | ||
2008 Butiran |
Beijing |
Belanda |
2–0 | China |
Argentina |
3–1 | Jerman | ||
2012 Butiran |
London |
Belanda |
2–0 | Argentina |
Great Britain |
3–1 | New Zealand | ||
2016 Butiran |
Rio de Janeiro |
Great Britain |
3–3 (2–0) (Penalti) |
Belanda |
Jerman |
2–1 | New Zealand | ||
2020 Butiran |
Tokyo |
Belanda |
3–1 | Argentina |
Great Britain |
4–3 | India |
Kemunculan pasukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]Pasukan | 1980 | 1984 | 1988 | 1992 | 1996 | 2000 | 2004 | 2008 | 2012 | 2016 | 2020 | Jumlah |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | – | – | 7 | – | 7 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 8 |
Australia | – | 4 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 10 |
Austria | 5 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Belgium | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 11 | – | – | 1 |
Kanada | – | 5 | 6 | 7 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 3 |
Czechoslovakia# | 2 | – | – | – | Defunct | 1 | ||||||
China | – | – | – | – | – | 5 | 4 | 2 | 6 | 9 | 9 | 6 |
Jerman | – | 2 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 7 | 3 | 6 | 8 | ||
Great Britain | – | – | 4 | 3 | 4 | 8 | – | 6 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 8 |
India | 4 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 12 | 4 | 3 |
Ireland | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | 1 |
Jepun | – | – | – | – | – | – | 8 | 10 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 5 |
Belanda | – | 1 | 3 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 10 |
New Zealand | – | 6 | – | 8 | – | 6 | 6 | 12 | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 |
Poland | 6 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Afrika Selatan | – | – | – | – | – | 10 | 9 | 11 | 10 | – | 12 | 5 |
Korea Selatan | – | – | 2 | 4 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 8 | 11 | – | 8 |
Kesatuan Soviet# | 3 | – | – | Defunct | 1 | |||||||
Sepanyol | – | – | – | 1 | 8 | 4 | 10 | 7 | – | 8 | 7 | 7 |
Amerika Syarikat | – | 3 | 8 | – | 5 | – | – | 8 | 12 | 5 | – | 6 |
Jerman Barat | – | 2 | 5 | Defunct | 2 | |||||||
Zimbabwe | 1 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | 1 |
Jumlah | 6 | 6 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 10 | 10 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
- # = negeri yang mempunyai sejak berpecah kepada dua atau lebih negara-negara bebas
Australia dan Belanda adalah satu-satunya pasukan telah bertanding di hampir setiap Perlawanan Olimpik, kecuali hanya satu edisi; 21 pasukan telah bertanding dalam sekurang-kurangnya satu permainan Olimpik.
Pungutan Pingat
[sunting | sunting sumber]Kedudukan | Negara | Emas | Perak | Gangsa | Jumlah |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | India (IND)[a] | 8 | 1 | 3 | 12 |
2 | Belanda (NED) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 18 |
3 | Australia (AUS) | 4 | 4 | 5 | 13 |
4 | Great Britain (GBR) | 4 | 2 | 7 | 13 |
5 | Jerman (GER) | 4 | 2 | 4 | 10 |
6 | Pakistan (PAK) | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 |
7 | Argentina (ARG) | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 |
8 | Sepanyol (ESP) | 1 | 3 | 1 | 5 |
9 | Jerman Barat (FRG) | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
10 | Belgium (BEL) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
11 | New Zealand (NZL) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Zimbabwe (ZIM) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
13 | Korea Selatan (KOR) | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 |
14 | China (CHN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Czechoslovakia (TCH) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Denmark (DEN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Jepun (JPN) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
18 | Amerika Syarikat (USA) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 |
Kesatuan Soviet (URS) | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | |
20 | Pasukan Bersatu Jerman (EUA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
Jumlah (20 negara) | 35 | 35 | 36 | 106 |
Lihat juga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Nota kaki
[sunting | sunting sumber]Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Hoki padang di Sukan Olimpik Musim Panas |
- ^ Tidak ada perlawanan pingat gangsa untuk 1908 Olimpik di London.
- ^ a b The 1920 tournament was played in a round-robin format, so there were no gold medal or bronze medal matches. Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah, nama "round" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza - ^ a b Only three teams participated in the 1932 tournament, so they played a round-robin format.
- ^ The Unified Team of Germany was the combined team from West Germany and East Germany that competed together at the Olympic Games from 1956 to 1964. Then each country sent independent teams from 1968 to 1988.
- ^ a b Round-robin format play in 1980 for women's tournament Ralat petik: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah, nama "moscow" digunakan secara berulang dengan kandungan yang berbeza - ^ Round Robin format use in 1984 women's tournament
- ^ The final standings show both the United States and Australia were tied in points and had same margin in goal difference (both having scored 9 goals and conceded 7 goals), therefore a penalty stroke competition was played to decide the bronze medal winner, with the United States winning.
Ralat petik: Tag <ref>
wujud untuk kumpulan bernama "lower-alpha", tetapi tiada tag <references group="lower-alpha"/>
yang berpadanan disertakan