Gerakan Tea Party

Gerakan Tea Party (bahasa Inggeris: Tea Party movementscode: en is deprecated ) ialah sebuah pergerakan politik yang populis^[1], konservatif/libertarian ^[2]^[3] di Amerika Syarikat yang muncul pada tahun 2009 melalui rangkaian protes lokal maupun nasional.^[4]^[5]^[6] Protes tersebut sebagian merespon beberapa undang-undang federal: UU Stabilitas Ekonomi Darurat 2008, ^[7] Undang-Undang Pemulihan dan Reinvestasi Amerika 2009,^[8]^[9] serta rangkaian rancangan undang-undang pelayanan kesehatan.^[10]

Nama Tea Party merujuk pada Boston Tea Party, sebuah insiden yang terjadi pada tahun 1773 dimana para penjajah merosakkan teh British daripada membayar pajak yang mana mereka anggap melanggar hak "tiada pajak tanpa perwakilan" ^[11] Sehingga 2010, gerakan ini bukanlah parti politik nasional, tidak mencalonkan calon kepada Kongres, serta namanya tidak tertera dalam surat suara pemilihan umum.^[12]

Menurut Scott Rasmussen, dana ikat jamin yang dikeluarkan oleh pentadbiran George W. Bush dan Barack Obama mencetuskan kebangkitan gerakan Tea Party. Pewawancara juga menambah bahawa kemarahan penunjuk perasaan berpusat pada dua isu, memetik kenyataan Rasmussen, "Mereka berpendapat bahawa perbelanjaan, defisit dan cukai kerajaan persekutuan terlalu tinggi, dan mereka berpendapat bahawa tidak ada seorang pun di Washington yang mendengarkan mereka, dan yang terakhir (pernyataan) sangat penting."^[13] Gerakan ini tidak memiliki kepimpinan pusat namun memiliki ahli gabungan yang longgar pada kelompok kecil di peringkat tempatan.^[14] Perhatian utama gerakan ini meliputi, tetapi tidak terhad pada, mengurangkan beban kerajaan,^[15] menurunkan pajak,^[16] mengurangkan pemborosan,^[16] mengurangkan hutang negara dan defisit anggaran persekutuan,^[15] serta memenuhi Perlembagaan Amerika Syarikat.^[17]

Tokoh

Catatan

^ What's Behind The New Populism? NPR, February 5, 2010
^ Dick Morris, "The New Republican Right," TheHill.com October 19, 2010
^
See following for information on Tea Party Movement Conservatism:
- Tea party, religious right often overlap, poll shows Washington Post, October 5, 2010
- Sarah Palin's 'mamas': more grisly than grizzly The Guardian, October 25, 2010
^ Servatius, David (March 6, 2009). "Anti-tax-and-spend group throws "tea party" at Capitol". Deseret News. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-06-13. Dicapai pada June 16, 2009.
^ "Anger Management" (Paid subscription required). The Economist. March 5, 2009. Dicapai pada April 25, 2010.
^ Tapscott, Mark (March 19, 2009). "Tea parties are flash crowds Obama should fear". The San Francisco Examiner. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-04-19. Dicapai pada June 16, 2009.
^ Barnes, Tom (March 8, 2009). "Harrisburg Tea Party protests ongoing bailout". Local/State. Post-Gazette.com. Dicapai pada April 9, 2010.
^ Ferrara, Peter (April 15, 2009). "The Tea Party Revolution". The American Spectator. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-04-20. Dicapai pada June 18, 2009. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)
^ Seleny, Jeff (September 12, 2009). "Thousands Rally in Capital to Protest Big Government". New York Times. Dicapai pada September 28, 2009.
^ Evan McMorris-Santoro,"The Town Hall Dog That Didn't Bite", Talking Points Memo, DC, April 5, 2010.
^ Lepore, Jill (2010). The Whites of Their Eyes: The Tea Party's Revolution and the Battle over American History. Princeton University Press. m/s. 77–79. ISBN 978-0691150277.
^ Rasmussen, Scott; Schoen, Doug (2010). Mad As Hell: How the Tea Party Movement Is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System. HarperCollins. m/s. 12. ISBN 9780061995231.
^ Dan Weil, "Rasmussen: Tea Party Shows Weakness of GOP Establishment," Newsmax.com, September 18, 2010
^ 'Tea party' movement faces challenge of having no single leader, goal Washington Post, September 21, 2010
^ ^a ^b Gallup: Tea Party’s top concerns are debt, size of government The Hill, July 5, 2010
^ ^a ^b Tea Party DC March: “Lower Taxes and Less Spending” Diarkibkan 2010-09-16 di Wayback Machine Fiscal Times, September 12, 2010
^ Liptak, Mark (March 13, 2010). "Tea-ing Up the Constitution". Week in Review. Washington, D.C.: The New York Times. Dicapai pada October 31, 2010. It is, of course, hard to say anything definitive about the Tea Party movement, a loose confederation of groups with no central leadership. But if there is a central theme to its understanding of the Constitution, it is that the nation’s founders knew what they were doing and that their work must be protected.

Rujukan

Rasmussen, Scott; Schoen, Doug (2010). Mad As Hell: How the Tea Party Movement Is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System. Harper. ISBN 978-0061995231.

Bacaan lanjut

O'Hara, John M. (2010). A New American Tea Party: The Counterrevolution Against Bailouts, Handouts, Reckless Spending, and More Taxes. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. m/s. 336. ISBN 978-0470567982.
Zernike, Kate (2010). Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America. Times Books. ISBN 978-0805093483.
Taibbe, Matt (2010). The Great Derangement: A Terrifying True Story of War, Politics, and Religion. Spiegel & Grau. ISBN 978-0385520348.
Pierce, Charles (2010). Idiot America: How Stupidity Became a Virtue in the Land of the Free. Anchor. ISBN 978-0767926157.
Avlon, John (2010). Wingnuts: How the Lunatic Fringe is Hijacking America. Beast Books. ISBN 978-0984295111. Lyons Tea Party

Pautan luar

Collected news and coverage at The New York Times
Collected news and coverage at The Guardian
Collected news and coverage at CNN
Tea Party Movement at History News Network at George Mason University
Tea Party Movement at SourceWatch
Heroes of the Tea Party Diarkibkan 2010-10-09 di Wayback Machine – slideshow by Life magazine

[1] What's Behind The New Populism? NPR, February 5, 2010

[NewRepRi-2] Dick Morris, "The New Republican Right," TheHill.com October 19, 2010

[3] See following for information on Tea Party Movement Conservatism:
Tea party, religious right often overlap, poll shows Washington Post, October 5, 2010

Sarah Palin's 'mamas': more grisly than grizzly The Guardian, October 25, 2010

[4] Tea party, religious right often overlap, poll shows Washington Post, October 5, 2010

[5] Sarah Palin's 'mamas': more grisly than grizzly The Guardian, October 25, 2010

[deseret-4] Servatius, David (March 6, 2009). "Anti-tax-and-spend group throws "tea party" at Capitol". Deseret News. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-06-13. Dicapai pada June 16, 2009.

[economist-5] "Anger Management" (Paid subscription required). The Economist. March 5, 2009. Dicapai pada April 25, 2010.

[sfexaminer-6] Tapscott, Mark (March 19, 2009). "Tea parties are flash crowds Obama should fear". The San Francisco Examiner. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-04-19. Dicapai pada June 16, 2009.

[post_gazette-7] Barnes, Tom (March 8, 2009). "Harrisburg Tea Party protests ongoing bailout". Local/State. Post-Gazette.com. Dicapai pada April 9, 2010.

[peter-8] Ferrara, Peter (April 15, 2009). "The Tea Party Revolution". The American Spectator. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-04-20. Dicapai pada June 18, 2009. Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (bantuan)

[nytimes-9] Seleny, Jeff (September 12, 2009). "Thousands Rally in Capital to Protest Big Government". New York Times. Dicapai pada September 28, 2009.

[tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com-10] Evan McMorris-Santoro,"The Town Hall Dog That Didn't Bite", Talking Points Memo, DC, April 5, 2010.

[11] Lepore, Jill (2010). The Whites of Their Eyes: The Tea Party's Revolution and the Battle over American History. Princeton University Press. m/s. 77–79. ISBN 978-0691150277.

[12] Rasmussen, Scott; Schoen, Doug (2010). Mad As Hell: How the Tea Party Movement Is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System. HarperCollins. m/s. 12. ISBN 9780061995231.

[13] Dan Weil, "Rasmussen: Tea Party Shows Weakness of GOP Establishment," Newsmax.com, September 18, 2010

[14] 'Tea party' movement faces challenge of having no single leader, goal Washington Post, September 21, 2010

[Gallup-15] Gallup: Tea Party’s top concerns are debt, size of government The Hill, July 5, 2010

[thefiscaltimes.com-16] Tea Party DC March: “Lower Taxes and Less Spending” Diarkibkan 2010-09-16 di Wayback Machine Fiscal Times, September 12, 2010

[17] Liptak, Mark (March 13, 2010). "Tea-ing Up the Constitution". Week in Review. Washington, D.C.: The New York Times. Dicapai pada October 31, 2010. It is, of course, hard to say anything definitive about the Tea Party movement, a loose confederation of groups with no central leadership. But if there is a central theme to its understanding of the Constitution, it is that the nation’s founders knew what they were doing and that their work must be protected.

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