Frank Sinatra

Frank Sinatra
Frank Sinatra
	Sinatra pada 1957
Kelahiran	Francis Albert Sinatra; 12 Disember 1915; Hoboken, New Jersey, Amerika Syarikat
Meninggal dunia	14 Mei 1998 (umur 82); Los Angeles, California, Amerika Syarikat
Dikebumikan	Desert Memorial Park; Cathedral City, California
Pekerjaan	Penyanyi; pelakon; penerbit;
Tahun aktif	1935–1995
Pasangan	Nancy Barbato; (k. 1939; c. 1951); Ava Gardner; (k. 1951; c. 1957); Mia Farrow; (k. 1966; c. 1968); Barbara Marx (1976–1998; kematiannya)
Anak-anak	Nancy Sinatra; Frank Sinatra, Jr.; Tina Sinatra
Ibu bapa	Antonino Martino Sinatra ("Marty"); Natalina Garaventa ("Dolly")
	Kerjaya muzik
Genre	Pop tradisional; easy listening; jazz; swing; jazz vokal;
Instrumen	Vokal
Syarikat rakaman	RCA Victor; Columbia; Capitol; Reprise; Warner Bros.;
Pengkarya berkait	Rat Pack; Bing Crosby; Louis Armstrong; Nancy Sinatra; Judy Garland; Dinah Shore; Quincy Jones; Ella Fitzgerald; Antônio Carlos Jobim; Frank Sinatra, Jr.; Dean Martin; Count Basie; Tommy Dorsey; Sammy Davis Jr.; Duke Ellington;
Laman web rasmi	www.franksinatra.com

Francis Albert "Frank" Sinatra (/sᵻˈnɑːtrə/; 12 Disember 1915 - 14 Mei 1998) adalah seorang penyanyi, pelakon, dan penerbit rakyat Amerika yang merupakan salah seorang artis muzik yang paling popular dan berpengaruh abad ke-20. Muzik Sinatra telah dianggap abadi oleh ramai.^[2] Beliau adalah salah seorang artis muzik yang paling laris sepanjang masa, telah menjual lebih daripada 150 juta rekod di seluruh dunia.^[3] Dilahirkan di Hoboken, New Jersey, kepada pendatang Itali, beliau memulakan kerjaya muzik beliau dalam era swing dengan Harry James dan Tommy Dorsey. Beliau mendapati kejayaan sebagai artis solo selepas ditandatangani oleh Columbia Records pada tahun 1943, menjadi idola daripada "bobby soxers". Beliau mengeluarkan album pertamanya, The Voice of Frank Sinatra, pada tahun 1946. kerjaya profesional Sinatra telah terhenti oleh awal 1950-an, dan berpaling ke Las Vegas, di mana beliau menjadi salah seorang penghibur yang terkenal sebagai sebahagian daripada Pack Rat. Kerjaya beliau telah dilahirkan semula pada tahun 1953 dengan kejayaan From Here to Eternity dan Anugerah Academy yang kemudian untuk Pelakon Pembantu Lelaki Terbaik. Beliau menandatangani dengan Capitol Records dan mengeluarkan beberapa album kritikal memuji, termasuk In the Wee Small Hours (1955), Songs for Swingin' Lovers! (1956), Come Fly with Me (1958), Only the Lonely (1958) and Nice 'n' Easy (1960).

Sinatra meninggalkan Capitol pada tahun 1960 untuk memulakan label rakaman sendiri, Reprise Records, dan mengeluarkan satu rentetan album berjaya. Pada tahun 1965 beliau merakamkan retrospektif September of My Years, membintangi televisyen khas Emmy memenangi Sinatra: A Man and His Music, dan menjaringkan hits dengan "Strangers in the Night" dan "My Way". Selepas mengeluarkan Sinatra at the Sands, dirakamkan pada Sands Hotel and Casino di Vegas dengan kolaborator kerap Count Basie pada awal tahun 1966, pada tahun berikutnya beliau merakamkan salah satu kerjasama yang paling terkenal dengan Tom Jobim, album Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim. Ia diikuti dengan kerjasama 1968 dengan Duke Ellington. Sinatra bersara buat kali pertama pada tahun 1971, tetapi kembali dari persaraan dua tahun kemudian dan merakamkan beberapa album dan menyambung semula persembahan di Caesars Palace. Pada tahun 1980 beliau menjaringkan Top 40 hit dengan "(Theme From) New York, New York". Menggunakan persembahan Las Vegas beliau sebagai asas rumah, beliau menjelajah kedua-dua di Amerika Syarikat dan di peringkat antarabangsa sehingga masa yang singkat sebelum kematiannya pada tahun 1998.

Sinatra memacu kerjaya yang sangat berjaya sebagai pelakon filem. Selepas memenangi Anugerah Akademi untuk From Here to Eternity, beliau membintangi The Man with Golden Arm (1955), dan menerima pujian kritis untuk prestasi beliau dalam The Manchurian Candidate (1962). Beliau muncul dalam pelbagai muzikal seperti On the Town (1949), Guys and Dolls (1955), Persatuan Tinggi (1956), dan Pal Joey, ke arah akhir kerjayanya beliau menjadi dikaitkan dengan memegang watak detektif, termasuk watak tajuk dalam Tony Rome (1967). Di televisyen, The Frank Sinatra Show bermula di ABC pada tahun 1950, dan beliau terus membuat penampilan di televisyen sepanjang tahun 1950-an dan 1960-an. Sinatra juga banyak terlibat dengan politik dari pertengahan 1940-an, dan secara aktif berkempen untuk presiden seperti Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy dan Ronald Reagan, walaupun sebelum kematian Kennedy mendakwa sambungan Mafia Sinatra membawa kepada beliau yang menolak tawaran. (Suruhanjaya Permainan Nevada melucutkan lesen perjudian Sinatra selepas dia gagal memenuhi tarikh akhir mesyuarat 7 Oktober 1963 untuk bayaran persatuan rapat dengan penyangak Chicago Sam Giancana menyangkal.)^[4]

Walaupun Sinatra tidak pernah secara rasmi belajar bagaimana untuk membaca muzik, beliau mempunyai, pemahaman semula jadi, dan bekerja keras sejak kecil untuk meningkatkan kebolehan beliau dalam semua aspek muzik. Kesempurnaan, terkenal dengan rasa pakaian yang sempurna dan kebersihan, beliau sentiasa berkeras dengan rakaman secara langsung dengan bandnya. Mata biru yang memperolehi beliau nama samaran popular "Ol 'Blue Eyes". Sinatra membawa kehidupan peribadi yang berwarna-warni, dan sering terlibat dalam hal ehwal bergelora dengan wanita, seperti dengan isteri keduanya Ava Gardner. Beliau kemudian berkahwin dengan Mia Farrow pada tahun 1966 dan Barbara Marx pada tahun 1976. Sinatra mempunyai beberapa konfrontasi ganas, biasanya dengan wartawan beliau berasa telah menyeberanginya, atau bos kerja dengan siapa beliau mempunyai perbezaan pendapat. Beliau telah diberi penghormatan di Kennedy Center Honors pada tahun 1983, telah dianugerahkan Pingat Presiden Kebebasan oleh Ronald Reagan pada tahun 1985, dan Pingat Emas Kongres pada tahun 1997. Sinatra juga merupakan penerima sebelas Anugerah Grammy, termasuk Anugerah Amanah Grammy, Anugerah Grammy Legend dan Anugerah Pencapaian Sepanjang Hayat Grammy. Selepas kematiannya, pengkritik muzik Amerika, Robert Christgau memanggilnya "penyanyi yang paling besar abad ke-20", dan terus dilihat sebagai seorang tokoh ikonik.^[5]

Biografi

Awal hidup

Kerjaya lakonan

Kerjaya muzik

Persaraan dan senja hidup

Diskografi

Album studio

The Voice of Frank Sinatra (1946)
Songs by Sinatra (1947)
Christmas Songs by Sinatra (1948)
Frankly Sentimental (1949)
Dedicated to You (1950)
Sing and Dance with Frank Sinatra (1950)
Songs for Young Lovers (1954)
Swing Easy! (1954)
In the Wee Small Hours (1955)
Songs for Swingin' Lovers! (1956)
Close to You (1957)
A Swingin' Affair! (1957)
Where Are You? (1957)
A Jolly Christmas from Frank Sinatra (1957)
Come Fly with Me (1958)
Frank Sinatra Sings for Only the Lonely (1958)
Come Dance with Me! (1959)
No One Cares (1959)
Nice 'n' Easy (1960)
Sinatra's Swingin' Session!!! (1961)
Ring-a-Ding-Ding! (1961)
Come Swing with Me! (1961)
Swing Along With Me (1961)
I Remember Tommy (1961)
Sinatra and Strings (1962)
Point of No Return (1962)
Sinatra and Swingin' Brass (1962)
All Alone (1962)
Sinatra Sings Great Songs from Great Britain (1962)
Sinatra–Basie: An Historic Musical First (with Count Basie) (1962)
The Concert Sinatra (1963)
Sinatra's Sinatra (1963)
Sinatra Sings Days of Wine and Roses, Moon River, and Other Academy Award Winners (1964)
America, I Hear You Singing (with Bing Crosby and Fred Waring) (1964)
It Might as Well Be Swing (with Count Basie) (1964)
12 Songs of Christmas (with Bing Crosby and Fred Waring) (1964)
Softly, as I Leave You (1964)
September of My Years (1965)
My Kind of Broadway (1965)
A Man and His Music (1965)
Moonlight Sinatra (1966)
Strangers in the Night (1966)
That's Life (1966)
Francis Albert Sinatra & Antonio Carlos Jobim (with Antonio Carlos Jobim) (1967)
The World We Knew (1967)
Francis A. & Edward K. (with Duke Ellington) (1968)
The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas (with Frank Sinatra, Jr., Nancy Sinatra, and Tina Sinatra) (1968)
Cycles (1968)
My Way (1969)
A Man Alone (1969)
Watertown (1970)
Sinatra & Company (with Antonio Carlos Jobim) (1971)
Ol' Blue Eyes Is Back (1973)
Some Nice Things I've Missed (1974)
Trilogy: Past Present Future (1980)
She Shot Me Down (1981)
L.A. Is My Lady (1984)
Duets (1993)
Duets II (1994)

Filemografi

Rujukan

^ Frank Sinatra obituary BBC News (May 16, 1998). Accessed on May 15, 2008.
^ Reviewed Works: Sinatra! The Song Is You: A Singer's Art by Will Friedwald; The Frank Sinatra Reader by Steven Petkov, Leonard Mustazza; Legend: Frank Sinatra and the American Dream by Ethlie Ann Vare (Spring 1997) American Music. Accessed on January 31, 2016.
^ Steve Wynn to celebrate 100th birthday of the late Frank Sinatra in Las Vegas Diarkibkan 2018-06-19 di Wayback Machine Robin Leach (June 8, 2015) Las Vegas Sun. Accessed on June 28, 2015.
^ Renda, Matthew. "His Way: Sinatra at Tahoe". Tahoe Quarterly. Dicapai pada December 15, 2015.
^ Rojek 2004, m/s. 1.

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Bacaan lanjut

Freedland, Michael. (May 1, 1998). All the Way: A Biography of Frank Sinatra. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 978-0-312-19108-5.
Hemming, Roy. (1995). The Best of the Columbia Years: 1943–1952 – "Sinatra Standards". Sony Music Entertainment. New York.
James Kaplan. Sinatra: The Chairman. New York: Doubleday, 2015. ISBN 0385535392
Pickard, Roy. (1994). Frank Sinatra at the Movies. Hale. ISBN 978-0-7090-5105-3.

Pautan luar

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www.franksinatra.com
Sinatra family website Diarkibkan 2018-05-11 di Wayback Machine
Frank Sinatra di New Jersey Hall of Fame
Frank Sinatra di Pangkalan Data Filem Internet (IMDb)
The Sinatra Report, a special section of Billboard's November 20, 1965, issue – beginning immediately after page 34

[1] Frank Sinatra obituary BBC News (May 16, 1998). Accessed on May 15, 2008.

[2] Reviewed Works: Sinatra! The Song Is You: A Singer's Art by Will Friedwald; The Frank Sinatra Reader by Steven Petkov, Leonard Mustazza; Legend: Frank Sinatra and the American Dream by Ethlie Ann Vare (Spring 1997) American Music. Accessed on January 31, 2016.

[3] Steve Wynn to celebrate 100th birthday of the late Frank Sinatra in Las Vegas Diarkibkan 2018-06-19 di Wayback Machine Robin Leach (June 8, 2015) Las Vegas Sun. Accessed on June 28, 2015.

[4] Renda, Matthew. "His Way: Sinatra at Tahoe". Tahoe Quarterly. Dicapai pada December 15, 2015.

[FOOTNOTERojek20041-5] Rojek 2004, m/s. 1.

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