Pergi ke kandungan

Belima

Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.
(Dilencongkan daripada Thoroughbred)
Belima

Kuda lumba belima
Ciri-ciri unggul: Tinggi, langsing, kuda atlet, digunakan dalam perlumbaan dan banyak sukan menunggang kuda
Negara asal: England
Nama gelaran biasa: Tb (singkatan); Bloodhorse
Standard baka
Kelab Joki: Standard baka
Australian Stud Book: Standard baka
General Stud Book: Standard baka
Kuda (Equus ferus caballus)

Belima (bahasa Inggeris: thoroughbred) ialah suatu baka kuda yang dikenali kerana digunakan dalam perlumbaan kuda. Meskipun perkataan thoroughbred kadang kala digunakan bagi merujuk kepada sebarang kuda baka asli,[penjelasan lanjut diperlukan] ia secara teknikalnya merujuk hanya kepada baka Belima. Belima dianggap seekor kuda "berdarah panas", disebabkan ketahanan, kelajuan dan semangat mereka.

Belima yang dikenali pada hari ini pertama kali dibiakkan pada kurun ke-17 dan ke-18 apabila kuda betina tempatan dikacukkan dengan kuda jantan Arab yang diimport. Kesemua Belima moden boleh dikesan salasilahnya kepada tiga ekor kuda jantan yang dibawa masuk ke dalam England pada kurun ke-17 dan ke-18, dan sehingga 74 ekor kuda betina Inggeris dan Timur (Arab, Turkoman atau Barb). Semasa kurun ke-18 dan ke-19, baka Belima tersebar ke seluruh dunia; ia dibawa masuk ke Amerika Utara bermula pada tahun 1730 dan Australia, Eropah, Jepun dan Amerika Selatan pada kurun ke-19. Berjuta-juta ekor Belima wujud di dunia pada hari ini, dengan lebih daripada 118,000 anak kuda didaftarkan setiap tahun di seluruh dunia.

Meskipun Belima banyak digunakan dalam perlumbaan, ia juga dibiakkan untuk kegunaan menunggang yang lain, seperti pertunjukkan lompatan, latihan bersepadu, dressage, polo, dan memburu musang. Ia juga biasa dikacukkan dengan baka-baka lain bagi menghasilkan baka-baka baru atau untuk memperbaiki baka sedia ada dan memberi pengaruh kepada banyak baka penting yang baru seperti Kuda Suku, Standardbred, Arab-Inggeris, dan pelbagai baka Warmblood.

Nota

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Nota kaki

[sunting | sunting sumber]

Rujukan

[sunting | sunting sumber]
  • Arthur, RM (2003). "North American Thoroughbred". Dalam Ross MW, Dyson SJ (penyunting). Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse. St. Louis, MO: Saunders. m/s. 872. ISBN 0-7216-8342-8. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
  • Barakat, Christine (2007). "Why Size Matters". Equus. 361: 36–42. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
  • Bongianni, Maurizio (1983). Champion Horses: An Illustrated History of Flat Racing, Steeplechasing and Trotting Races. New York: Bonanza Books. ISBN 0-517-43933-6.
  • Bongianni, Maurizio (1987). Simon & Schuster's Guide to Horses and Ponies. New York: Fireside. ISBN 0-671-66068-3.
  • Bourke, JM (1994). "Fatalities on racecourses in Victoria: a seven year study". Proceedings of the 10th International Conference of Racing Analysts and Veterinarians. |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
  • Bruce, S.D. (1884). The American Stud Book, Vol. 1, Revised Edition. New York: Sanders D. Bruce.
  • Buecker, Thomas R. (2002). Fort Robinson and the American century, 1900–1948. Lincoln: Nebraska State Historical Society. ISBN 0-933307-29-2.
  • Cunningham EP, Dooley JJ, Splan RK, Bradley DG (2001). "Microsatellite diversity, pedigree relatedness and the contributions of founder lineages to thoroughbred horses" (Abstract). Animal Genetics. 32 (6): 360–364. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.2001.00785.x. PMID 11736806.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Derry, Margaret Elsinor (2006). Horses in Society: A Story of Animal Breeding and Marketing, 1800–1920. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 0-8020-9112-1.
  • Equine Research, Inc. (1982). Breeding Management and Foal Development. Grand Prairie, Texas: Equine Research. ISBN 0-935842-04-7.
  • Erigero, Patricia. "New Research Sheds Light on Old Pedigrees". Genetic Markers. Thoroughbred Heritage. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. which cites Hill, E. W.; dll. (2002). "History and Integrity of Thoroughbred Dam Lines Revealed in Equine mtDNA Variation" (PDF). Animal Genetics. 33 (4): 287–294. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00870.x. PMID 12139508. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (bantuan); More than one of |number= dan |issue= specified (bantuan)
  • Erigero, Patricia. "Who's Your Momma II: Some Lines Converge". Genetic Markers. Thoroughbred Heritage. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. which cites Hill, E. W.; dll. (2002). "History and Integrity of Thoroughbred Dam Lines Revealed in Equine mtDNA Variation" (PDF). Animal Genetics. 33 (4): 287–294. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00870.x. PMID 12139508. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (bantuan); More than one of |number= dan |issue= specified (bantuan)
  • Erigero, Patricia. "Who's Your Momma III: Some Lines Misplaced". Genetic Markers. Thoroughbred Heritage. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. which cites Hill, E. W.; dll. (2002). "History and Integrity of Thoroughbred Dam Lines Revealed in Equine mtDNA Variation" (PDF). Animal Genetics. 33 (4): 287–294. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2052.2002.00870.x. PMID 12139508. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. Explicit use of et al. in: |author= (bantuan); More than one of |number= dan |issue= specified (bantuan)
  • Evans, Warren J; Anthony Borton; L. Dale Van Vleck; Harold Hintz (1990). The Horse (ed. Second). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-1811-1.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Finley, Bill (6 October 2006). "Sadly, No Way to Stop Deaths". New York Daily News.
  • Glyn, Richard (1971). The World's Finest Horses and Ponies. London: Harrap. ISBN 0-245-59267-9.
  • Grady, Denise (23 May 2006). "State of the Art to Save Barbaro". The New York Times. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17.
  • Hedge, Juliet (2004). Horse Conformation: Structure, Soundness and Performance. Globe Pequot. ISBN 1-59228-487-6. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan)
  • Henry, Marguerite (1967). All About Horses. Random House. ISBN 0-394-80243-8.
  • Jones, Caroline (1973). "Fox Hunting in America". American Heritage Magazine. 24 (6). Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2009-02-23. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)
  • Kluger, Jeffrey (28 May 2006). "Bred for Speed...Built for Trouble". Time Magazine. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2008-04-06. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17.
  • MacKey, Valorie S.; Trout, Donald R.; Meagher, Dennis M.; Hornof, William J. (1987). "Stress fractures of the humerus, radius, and tibia in horses: clinical features and radiographic and/or scintigraphic appearance". Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound. 28 (1): 26–31. doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1987.tb01719.x.
  • Merriam-Webster (1989). The Merriam-Webster Dictionary of English Usage. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. ISBN 0-87779-132-5.
  • Miller, Robert M., DVM (2006). "And They Call Us Horse Lovers". Cowboy Magazine. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Milner, Mordaunt (1990). The Godolphin Arabian: The Story of the Matchem Line. London: J. A. Allen. ISBN 0-85131-476-7.
  • Montgomery, Edward E. (1971). The Thoroughbred. New York: Arco Publishing. ISBN 0-668-02824-6.
  • Morris, Tony (1990). Thoroughbred Stallions. Swidon, Wiltshire: Crowood Press. ISBN 1-85223-331-1.
  • Napier, Miles (1977). Blood will tell: Orthodox breeding theories examined. London: J. A. Allen. ISBN 0-85131-254-3.
  • Oikawa, M (1994). "Effect of restructuring of a racetrack on the occurrence of racing injuries in thoroughbred horses". Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 14: 262. doi:10.1016/S0737-0806(06)81951-9. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
  • Oke, Stacey (2008). "Understanding and Preventing Catastrophic Injuries". The Horse. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)
  • Patten, John W. (1960). The Light Horse Breeds: Their Origin, Characteristics, and Principal Uses. New York: Bonanza Books. OCLC 403717047.
  • Pedulla, Tom (4 June 2006). "Injury steps up scrutiny on Triple Crown schedule". USA Today. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17.
  • Phifer, Kate Gilbert (1978). Track Talk: An Introduction to Thoroughbred Racing. Washington, D.C.: Robert B. Luce Co. ISBN 0-88331-098-8.
  • Pickrell, John (2005). "95% of thoroughbreds linked to one superstud". NewScientist.com news service. New Scientist. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)
  • Robertson, William P. (1964). The History of Thoroughbred Racing in America. New York: Bonanza Books. OCLC 1028160.
  • Rosenblatt, Richard (2007-04-23). "Barbaro's Legacy: Better Life for Horses". Washington Post. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17.
  • Walker, Childs and Bill Ordine (30 January 2007). "Barbaro's injury highlighted problems, medical advances". Baltimore Sun. Dicapai pada 2008-02-17.
  • Wall, John F. (1949). Famous Running Horses: Their Forebears and Descendants (ed. Reprint edition from Kessinger Publishing (2007)). Washington, DC: Infantry Journal Press. ISBN 1-4325-9386-2.
  • Willett, Peter (1982). The Classic Racehorse. Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0-8131-1477-2.
  • Willett, Peter (1970). The Thoroughbred. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons. ISBN 0-297-00225-2.

Pautan luar

[sunting | sunting sumber]
Diambil daripada "https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belima&oldid=5303787"